5 major UK ports

5 major UK ports
5 major UK ports

The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is an island nation with several influential cities in different fields such as sports, culture and finance. The UK also has some of the most influential ports in the world.

Britain's five main ports

1. Felixstowe Port

Located in Suffolk, the port is also the busiest port handling 48% of the country's container trade. It happens to be the eighth busiest port in Europe, handling 3.8 million TEUs of container traffic. The port is located on the southeast coast of the United Kingdom and has access to major ports on and around the northwest coast of continental Europe.

The Port of Felixstowe is the UK's first purpose-built container handling port, serving the world's largest container ships. Due to its water depth, it can comfortably accommodate large ships, especially in the 8th and 9th berths dedicated to large container ships. The port also has three rail lines promoting intermodal rail freight, making it the largest rail transport facility in the UK. Strengthening the rail link to the port will allow 47 freight trains to pass through the port every day.

2. Port of Southampton

The Port of Southampton is a popular passenger port, but it also handles a lot of cargo. Located on the south coast of the country, it is centrally located in the region and is directly connected to the rail and road system. This means that passenger movement through the port is efficient, as is the movement of goods in and out of the port. Excellent road and rail transport is critical, as the port receives approximately 1.7 million passengers annually from cruise lines such as Royal Caribbean, Saga Cruises and Fred. Olsen Cruise line and local Cunard Line and P&O Cruises.

The port handles vehicular freight volumes of up to 820,000 vehicles per year. It is equipped with 80 hectares of facilities dedicated to vehicle storage and five multi-storey car parks dedicated to car parks to handle the storage of these vehicles. The port is home to the UK's second largest container terminal, handling more than 1.5 million TEUs a year. It clears 23 containers a day to and from major cargo producing regions such as the Midlands, Scotland, the East Coast and the country's north-west.

3. Port of London

Partly on the Thames and the North Sea, this port is the gateway to the UK's financial capital. At some point this was the largest port in the world, but now it is the second largest in the UK. In 2018, trade through the port reached 51.2 million tonnes, the highest level the port reached a decade ago. By 2035, the port expects cargo flow on its river routes to increase to 80 million tons.

The Port of London claims to have some of the best rail, road and sea connections to the rest of the UK. All cargo facilities found within this port are privately owned and operated. They handle everything from containers to dangerous goods and food, people and machinery.

4. Port Immingham

The common name for this port is Immingham Wharf, and it is one of the main ports on the east coast. Back in 2012, it became one of the UK's largest ports. It remains the UK's largest port by tonnage capacity, handling 55 million tonnes of the country's cargo each year. The port plays a vital role in facilitating the IK supply chain, ensuring sustainable power generation in the country. This is because the port will be connected to the rest of the country by the Humber River, which is largely considered to be the mouth of the UK's energy estuary.

The Port of Immingham handles 10 million tonnes of coal and 20 million tonnes of oil, cementing the port's position as access to the country's energy. Their ro-ro service serves the Scandinavian, Nordic and Baltic markets as the port is less than 24 hours away from these markets.

5. Port of Liverpool

This port is the most central port in the UK. This makes it versatile in handling all types of cargo, including agricultural bulk, container, automotive, dry bulk, forest products, energy products, metals, ro-ro, liquid bulk and project cargo.

The port has a large $400 million shipping terminal that welcomes large ships. But the port itself is also a tourist attraction. It is home to some of the country's timeless classic buildings, known as Liverpool's three charms. Arranged along the waterfront, they stand in the splendor of Edwardian Baroque architecture.

What are Chile’s main exports and imports?

What are Chile's main exports and imports?
What are Chile's main exports and imports?

Chile's economy is considered one of the most stable in South America. It also has the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in all of Latin America. According to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI), Chile's economy is the 61st most complex in the world. It also happens to be the 42nd largest economy in the world.

Now let's look at Chile's imports and exports separately.

Main import

Chile's largest import category is machinery.

Machinery accounted for nearly a quarter of total imports, thus reaching $15.2 billion. Under this sector, the most imported goods include computers, video monitors, broadcasting equipment, accounting for 1.8%, 1.2% and 2%, respectively.

Apart from machinery, the most imported commodities are minerals and means of transport. In fact, the three major categories of products imported by Chile are crude oil ($5.43 billion, accounting for 7.9%), refined oil ($5.33 billion, accounting for 7.7%) and automobiles ($3.8 billion, accounting for 5.5%).

Chile's top three import partners are China, the United States and Brazil. China accounted for 21% with $14.8 billion, the United States accounted for 20% with $14.0 billion, and finally, Brazil accounted for 7.7% with $5.31 billion. Crude oil is Chile's largest import item, supplied by Brazil (43%), Ecuador (36%) and Angola (6.4%).

Refined petroleum is Chile's second largest import.

About 90%, mainly supplied by the United States. After the United States, the next two largest suppliers of refined oil are Japan (4.5%) and the Netherlands (1.4%).

Automobiles are Chile's third-largest imported commodity, accounting for 5.5% of total imports. The top three countries supplying cars to Chile are South Korea (26%), Japan (22%) and the United States (10%).

Main export

Metals are Chile's largest export category

reached $23.2 billion, nearly a third of all exports. In this category, the three products with the largest export volume include refined copper, raw copper and copper wire, which accounted for 23%, 3.8% and 0.7% respectively.

The two largest categories of exports are minerals and vegetables

$20.5 billion and $7.43 billion, respectively. Copper ore is the second largest export commodity. It belongs to the minerals category and accounts for 21% of all Chilean exports.

Chile's top three export partners

They are China ($18.9 billion, or 25%), the United States ($9.3 billion, or 12%), and Japan ($7.81 billion, or 10%). Together, these three countries imported 47 percent of Chile's exports. %.

Chile happens to be the largest importer of refined copper, followed by the United States. On the other hand, copper ore is imported from Japan and China. In addition to copper ore and refined copper, raw copper ($1.23 billion) and kraft chemical wood pulp ($1.17 billion) are two other commodities that Chile imports.

The United States is China's second largest importer, responsible for importing fish fillets ($1.38 billion) and grapes ($694 million). Non-fillet frozen fish ($615 million) and fillets ($452 million) were the second and third largest exports to Japan.

Add up

While Chile's top sources of imports are China ($15.4 billion), the United States ($11.5 billion), Brazil ($5.32 billion), Argentina ($2.77 billion) and Germany ($2.63 billion), the top export destinations include China ($19.2 billion), the United States ($10.3 billion), Japan ($6.38 billion), South Korea ($4.06 billion) and Brazil ($3.44 billion).

Items that fall into its import category are automobiles, refined oil, crude oil, broadcast equipment and delivery trucks. In terms of export items, according to the 1992 revised HS (Harmonized System) classification, there are refined copper, copper ore, fish fillets, kraft chemical wood pulp and blister copper.

5 major ports in Chile

5 major ports in Chile
5 major ports in Chile

Chile is located at the southernmost tip of South America and winds its way up the west coast of the continent. Economically, Chile is located on the Pacific Ocean and is a hotspot for international trade. It also helps that Chile is the world's No. 1 copper exporter - demand for copper is at an all-time high.

Introduction of the five largest ports in Chile

1. Port of Valparaiso

The city of Valparaiso is a cultural and architectural treasure, featuring incredibly steep hills, beautifully decorated houses and streets filled with one-of-a-kind artworks. In fact, the city is considered Chile's "Cultural Capital" and its historic district was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003.

Pass through the maze of cobblestone alleys and you'll find the port of Valparaiso. The port is located just 140 kilometers from Santiago, on the central coast of Chile. Valparaiso is one of the busiest ports in Chile, as it is an important cultural center and a major trade center. It is also the largest container port in the country. It doesn't hurt to have majestic mountains overlooking the coast, either.

2. Port of San Antonio

As one of the largest ports in Chile, San Antonio is ranked as the 13th busiest port in South America. The city itself has a Mediterranean climate and endless green hills. Being so close to the Chilean capital, San Antonio also has beautiful and modern high-rises that overlook the Pacific Ocean without getting too close. (If you can imagine Miami but with hills, you'll get a good idea of ​​what the city looks like).

Located in one of Chile's central seaports, this port is very close to the capital and is known as a major seafood trading area.

3. Puerto Punta Arenas

The city of Punta Arenas is located in the center of Patagonia. With its snow-capped mountain landscape, modern architecture and old-school urban vibe, the city has been a timeless destination for explorers from all over the world.

Located on the edge of the Strait of Magellan, the southernmost city in Chile, it is arguably the most visited of all seaports in Chile. The second of only two free ports in Chile, it offers everything from museums to restaurants to cruise ships and has seen a recent increase in petrochemical trade.

4. Port of Iquique

Pronounced e-key-kay, this Chilean seaport is the only other free port in the country. Located on the north coast, it is one of Chile's oldest ports, thanks to the country's victory over Peru in the 1883 Pacific War.

Although it is a smaller port compared to other ports, its economic significance has always been a long-term trading center. The city of Iquique is known for its white-sand coastline, water sports and tax-free status - attracting thousands of tourists every year.

Since 2014, Iquique International Terminal (ITI) has been planning plans to expand the port's terminal to make room for larger trade ships. The plan is to turn the small seaport into a hub, a direct bridge to Asian markets and rivaling Chile's largest port. Currently, the expansion concession is being extended until 2030. Once the project is finalized, the port of Iquique will become an influential trade hub.

5. Arica Port

The Port of Arica is also located on the country's northern coast, bordering Peru. In the south, the city of Arica meets the Atacama Desert. Arica is rich in archaeological and ancient history, while offering a beautiful and sunny landscape full of modern activities.

With ancient battlefields, dunes, national parks, colonial buildings and churches, Arica is known as Chile's largest agricultural seaport. While other ports are notorious for their seafood, Arica is known for exporting citrus fruits and locally produced olives from farms in the Azapa and Rio Lluta valleys.

What are New Zealand’s main exports and imports?

What are New Zealand's main exports and imports?
What are New Zealand's main exports and imports?

New Zealand has established long-term import and export relationships with many countries around the world. However, her main trading partners are China, which accounts for 20% of its exports, Australia 18%, the EU 12%, the US 11% and Japan 6%. The country's economy is built on very developed free market trade and is the 53rd largest economy in the world.

Although her trade and economic interests are closely tied to Australia's due to the closer economic relationship agreement signed between the two countries in 1983, New Zealand's GDP is considered huge because of its population and land area. This means New Zealanders enjoy higher incomes and a better quality of life for the most part.

New Zealand's high GDP major imports and exports include:

Main import

Car

New Zealand no longer assembles passenger cars because tariff protections have been lifted and it has become cheaper to import already assembled cars. In the mid-1980s, car assembly was a huge industry in the country, with an annual assembly rate of nearly 100,000 vehicles. But when the country began to restructure the economy, the restrictions were lifted and people could import used cars from Japan.

The import of cars at the time made it possible to own a decent car despite the financial pressure on the economy. But even after stabilization, such imports continued to prosper in large numbers. Ford, Mazda, Honda and Toyota are some of the brands that still dominate the New Zealand new car market, but they don't sell as much. Even the new cars are sourced from markets such as Japan, Australia, Thailand, the US and the UK, shipped from overseas and distributed by New Zealand-based freight companies.

Crude

New Zealand is a huge consumer of crude oil and since its self-sufficiency in oil production is only 17% of what they need, they have to import 97% of the goods. Oil is a major part of New Zealand's economic operation, and although the country has some oil reserves, its production has been declining for years. They import oil from Malaysia, Australia, South Korea and Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Nigeria, Russia and Indonesia.

Once crude is imported, New Zealand can refine and process it to meet most of the country's domestic needs.

Refined oil products

All petroleum products account for the largest proportion of New Zealand's imports, including refined petroleum products. The country imports refined oil from Japan, Australia, the United States, Germany and China. New Zealand's Marsden Point Crude Oil Refinery gets 70% of its refined oil from crude oil imported into the country. 30% of the deficit is imported, and some of their major refined oil imports include aviation lubricants and gasoline.

Mechanical equipment

New Zealand's machinery and machinery imports rose 9.7% in 2019. The main suppliers of these devices in the country are the US, EU and Australia. While Japan will traditionally supply a significant portion of these imports this year, the market's share has declined.

New Zealand's major machinery and equipment imports include vehicles, mechanical equipment, nuclear reactors, boilers, electrical equipment, and aircraft and spare parts. In fact, vehicle and machinery imports make up the two highest import bills in New Zealand.

Main export

Beef

New Zealand's beef and lamb export earnings hit a record $4 billion in 2019. Chinese demand for these products has put New Zealand in high demand for one of its key exports. Demand for New Zealand meat has persisted for decades due to best practices implemented in cattle rearing.

They are kept in a clean environment, veterinary visits are regularly scheduled, and the industry has welfare regulations that apply to these animals. The New Zealand Meat Industry Association ensures farmers adhere to these specifications to guarantee the best meat on the market. New Zealand's red meat industry was created by 14,000 commercial cattle, sheep and deer farms working with major companies to produce red meat.

Aluminum

Annually, New Zealand exports $23 million in aluminium to the US alone. Although the country is not yet among the world's aluminum exporters, its aluminum exports are worth more than $500 million annually globally.

The main destination for New Zealand aluminium is Japan, which accounts for 60% of export shipments each year. Now that New Zealand has been given the go-ahead to develop technology that will make New Zealand a world leader in low carbon aluminium, these exports face a bright future.

Wool

Wool has always been a traditional New Zealand export. In 1989, wool exports of New Zealand wool were worth $1.8 billion, up from $70 million in the early 1980s. Despite declining sales in the 1990s, the export of New Zealand wool has been reborn as technological and scientific advances have made it a sustainable industry again. The country has exported more than 100,000 tonnes of wool so far in 2019.

What are Mexico’s main imports and exports?

What are Mexico's main imports and exports?
What are Mexico's main imports and exports?

There are only a handful of countries in the world that can claim to be the world's major oil producers. Mexico is one of them. Mexico has long been a trading partner of the world's developed economies such as the United States, Spain and New Zealand.

In fact, Mexico is the 9th largest exporting economy in the world. Having said that, this is their main export and import.

Main export

Oil

One of the main destinations for Mexican oil is the United States, which accounts for 48% of the country's oil production. The United States imported more than 210 million barrels of crude oil from Mexico. Other countries that supply Mexico with oil include Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, Australia and Germany. Mexico currently earns $18 billion a year from crude exports alone, and given the country's large oil reserves, it's a revenue avenue that isn't expected to decline anytime soon.

Mexican oil accounts for more than 30 percent of government revenue, and it continues to attract and drive public and private sector investment in the country.

Car

Mexican auto exports grew, with the sector accounting for 11% of Mexico's total exports. Auto parts and accessories also make up a large portion of the export equation, with 7% of these products leaving the country for foreign markets. The numbers fluctuate over a few months, but that's to be expected as countries grapple with a recession and trade war.

Brands with manufacturing plants in Mexico include General Motors, Nissan, FCA Mexico, Volkswagen, Kia, Mazda, Toyota, Audi, Honda. Vehicle exports were low in the first few months of 2019, but quickly reached an all-time high in March 2019.

Mexico is the fifth largest exporter and manufacturer of specialized and heavy-duty vehicles and vehicle components, especially components used in the agricultural and construction industries. The United States and Canada receive the largest number of light vehicle exports from Mexico.

Minerals

Mexico is the world's seventh largest copper exporter and ninth largest gold exporter. Mexico has been in the mining and minerals business for centuries, during which time it has traded minerals with neighboring countries such as the United States.

The mining industry in Mexico is a major player in government revenue generation because the country has excellent geological potential for mining. Countries such as Canada, Germany, the United States, Japan and Spain have made significant mining investments in the country, making it an export destination for Mexican minerals.

Main import

Corn

Mexico is a major consumer of corn on the global market. The product's largest trading partner is the United States, which exported more than 44 million tons of corn to Mexico in 2019. Other countries supplying corn to Mexico include Argentina, which supplied Mexico with 150,000 tons of corn to supplement its exports from the U.S.

Motor

In 2017, Mexico imported $150 billion worth of electrical machinery and equipment from the rest of the world. Currently, motor imports account for 40% of the country's total annual imports. As its biggest import, the country has to find a different source for it, and India has quickly become one of its regular suppliers of $210 million worth of equipment.

The growth of electric machinery is mainly supported by mining and automobile manufacturing.

Refined oil

Mexico is increasingly reliant on refined products from the U.S. and other countries, even though they export crude to the same countries. Mexican refiners, accustomed to processing light crude oil, cannot meet demand and therefore rely on foreign countries to refine petroleum products.

The Mexican economy relies heavily on oil to keep its industries and manufacturing plants running, so they must keep oil products flowing through exports.

Medical equipment

80% of Mexico's medical supplies and equipment are imported into the country. The country has spent $5.7 billion procuring medical supplies for the health sector. The Mexican health sector is divided into three segments: medical services, pharmaceuticals/biopharmaceuticals, and medical devices.

In Mexico, all medical devices and equipment can be imported duty-free as long as the NAFTA Certificate of Origin is presented. With the growth of medical tourism in Mexico, the number of patients has soared, and so has the demand for high-quality medical equipment and equipment.

Medical tourism is one of the main reasons why medical devices are one of the main imports of the Mexican economy.

What are Peru’s main exports and imports?

What are Peru's main exports and imports?
What are Peru's main exports and imports?

Peru's economy is classified by the World Bank as an upper middle class economy. It is also the 39th largest economy in the world. Thanks to the economic reforms that took place in the 2000s, Peru has become one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

Exit

Peru's largest export partners are China (34%), the United States (11%), Switzerland (7%), South Korea (6%) and India (6%). Canada and Chile are also important export partners of Peru. Since Peru is a resource-rich country, it is related to both economic stability and social and environmental instability. With the government providing ready resources and multinational operations within Peru, the problem is unlikely to go away anytime soon.

Import

In 2017, Peru imported US$38 billion worth of goods, making it the 54th largest importer in the world. The main commodities Peru imports include petroleum/petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, wheat, corn, soy products, vehicles, televisions, front-end loaders, telecommunications equipment and telephones, paper, cotton and pharmaceuticals.

Many of Peru's imports come from China and the United States. Some other import partners include Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Brazil and Japan.

U.S. Peru Trade Bond

In 2006, Peru and the United States signed the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA). While the agreement was ratified in June 2006, the revised protocol entered into force in June 2007. In December 2007, the Agreement Implementation Law became law and was officially implemented in February 2009.

In 2017, Peru’s trade in goods and services with the United States reached $20.1 billion. Exported goods were US$11.3 billion and imports were US$8.8 billion. In 2018, the U.S. and Peru recorded a trade surplus of $1.8 billion in goods. In 2017, the U.S. and Peru had a trade surplus of $1.2 billion in services.

The GDP of Peru in 2018 was approximately US$ 225.2 billion. U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in Peru in 2017 was $6.4 billion in stock terms. This direct investment is dominated by mining, manufacturing and non-bank holding companies.

Top 5 ports in Colombia

Top 5 ports in Colombia
Top 5 ports in Colombia

The Republic of Colombia occupies mostly South American territory, but also has some territory in North America. It has some of the finest emeralds and tropical landscapes in the world and is home to some of the most lucrative ports on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. These ports facilitate trade and commerce with North American and other Pacific nations, as well as their South American counterparts. Colombia is the only country in South America with access to the Pacific and Caribbean trade routes.

Here are the top five ports in Colombia:

Puerto barranquilla

Located near the mouth of the Magdalena River along Colombia's Caribbean coast, the port is one of the most modern liquid bulk facilities in the county. The Palermo Tank Terminal is located on the port premises and has a capacity of 352,000 barrels of refined oil and crude oil.

The terminal has two storage tanks, infrastructure for easy loading and unloading of bulk liquids, and a dock for handling ships. The long-term vision for the port is to hold 2.5 million barrels of liquid substances, from bitumen to petrochemicals and vegetable oils.

Port of cartagena

Locally known as the Port of Cartagena, but officially it is called the Port of Cartagena. It is home to large cruise ships that transport passengers to the city of Cartagena, as well as larger ships carrying general cargo and other import and export cargo. As the fourth largest port in Colombia, it has the capacity to handle 80% of the region's imports and 60% of its exports. The agricultural activity in Colombia's Murcia region is intensive, providing more than 2.5 billion euros worth of fruits and vegetables, most of which pass through this port.

The port has two main terminals, 1.5 miles from each other by sea and 5 kilometers by road. The marinas are Escombreras and Cartagena. Because the port is a deep-water bay and is not affected by wind, currents are weak. It has the Compas terminal in the El Bosque district and the contecar terminal in the Ceballos district. Both handle dry bulk, liquid bulk, containers, breakbulk and some cruise traffic.

Puerto santa marta

The port is operated by the Santa Marta Ports Association and is located on Colombia's Caribbean coast. It consists of seven terminals and provides rail services to facilitate the loading and unloading of goods through the port. It is Colombia's main port on the maritime trade route to the Intra-Atlantic.

The port handles many types of cargo, from palm oil to fuel and carbon as well as grains and containers. One of the port's greatest strengths is its ability to cater to post-Panamax carriers with high cubic cargo. In terms of bulk cargoes from Colombia, the port has the third highest traffic volume.

Puerto tumaco

The Port of Tumaco is located in the city of Tumaco on the Pacific coast. The premises have berthing facilities to handle dry and liquid bulk cargoes passing through the port. It also has a marine terminal that handles the country's exported crude oil. The port of Tumaco is well connected by road and plane to the surrounding area, including the Colombian capital, Bogota and the western city of Cali.

Bananas grown in the Pacific lowlands enter the port for export, but are mainly used as a terminal for crude oil from the Putamayo field, about 160 kilometers southeast of the port. It is also a major fishing port promoting the export of tuna and sardines. The nearby airport makes it a popular port for importing delicate, time-sensitive goods and products as they reach the hinterland faster.

Puerto buenaventura

This is a seaport in front of the Columbia Pacific Ocean. It also happens to be the country's main port of call in the Pacific region. The port, also located in Tumaco, is a veritable "good luck" that has been a boon for the Colombian economy due to the volume of bulk cargoes it handles. The Port of Buenaventura has direct trade routes to Asian markets, which are starting to become as lucrative as the U.S. and European markets.

The port generates 27% of Colombia's total customs revenue. It is able to attract investment and trade because of its proximity to Mexico and Chile, and access to markets in Southeast Asia and beyond. Considering the city was once one of the deadliest due to the widespread cocaine wars in the port, the rebranding of Buenaventura into a growing center of trade and commerce is impressive.

What are the main exports and imports of the Dominican Republic?

What are the main exports and imports of the Dominican Republic?
What are the main exports and imports of the Dominican Republic?

The main export of the Dominican Republic

1. Cocoa Beans

The country produces two types of cocoa beans: Hispaniola and Sanchez. Hispaniola accounts for only 4 percent of the country's cocoa exports. The remaining 96% is occupied by the Sanchez variety. In recent years, cocoa beans from the country have become as valued as the precious cocoa beans from Ecuador. The coca variety in Ecuador is called Nacional, while the Dominican beans are known as the new Nacional.

The country aims to triple production by 2027. According to the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO), 40% of cocoa from the Dominican Republic tastes great, which means it has a woody, herbal, caramel flavor that makes it rich and balanced.

The Dominican Republic is the ninth largest exporter of cocoa beans in the world. Although it has always exported this product, in the 1990s the US was its only market. It has now expanded its market and now exports 90 percent of its production, or about 60,000 metric tons of cocoa beans, annually. This is mainly sold to the Japanese and EU markets.

2. Manufactured products

From clothing to exports of optical and technical equipment and medical equipment, the country was able to export more than $5 billion in 2018. The main exports in its manufactured goods shipments are medical and optical equipment. It has grown steadily as the demand for such devices continues to increase.

Their machinery and equipment exports also performed well, generating the third largest gain for the country. The main export partners for these products are the United States, India, Haiti, Canada and Germany.

3. Jewelry

Gold has always been the Dominican Republic's preferred export, a country rich in gold and other precious stones. The country's mineral wealth also enables it to export silver and nickel, not to mention some copper. Found only in the Dominican Republic, Larimar is essential to the creation of jewelry, which is why the country is a leading exporter of jewelry.

As demand for gold has grown over the past decade, the country has benefited greatly from the intensive development of the mining industry. They own the largest single gold mine in Latin America at the Pueblo Viejo mine, and despite a drop in gold production in the country, they still have reserves large enough to keep their export partners afloat.

The Dominican Republic also has extremely rich deposits of gypsum, which is why they are among the best in the cement industry.

Main import

1. Oil

DR imports crude oil and refined oil because their economies are largely dependent on manufacturing and mining. Both are oil-intensive activities that require a constant supply of oil to keep the industry going.

Refined oil leads its oil imports, accounting for 10% of the country's total imports. They import oil from countries like Venezuela and Mexico. The country uses about 37,000 barrels of oil per day.

2. Cars

Automobiles are the Dominican Republic's second-largest import, and the U.S. provides the largest share of the Dominican Republic's market for cars. In 2017, the U.S. exported $378 million worth of vehicles to the country. This accounts for almost 50% of the country's car imports.

South Korea is another important player in the export of cars to Latin American countries. That same year, they exported about $150 million worth of cars. Other players with stakes in this market include Japan, which exported $142 million to the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2017, such as Germany and Sweden, Canada, Mexico, India, Chile and the United Kingdom.

The U.S. leads in exports of small passenger vehicles, while Mexico leads in exports of heavy construction and agricultural vehicles.

3. Industrial raw materials

Importing raw materials to the Dominican Republic is cheaper than importing finished goods. The laws tend to favor raw materials, which means they impose lower import duties on such products. The country's main raw material import partners include Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, the United States, Argentina, and several countries in the Eastern Pacific and Asia.

What are Colombia’s main exports and imports?

What are Colombia's main exports and imports?
What are Colombia's main exports and imports?

Colombia's trade revenue accounted for more than 34 percent of the country's GDP in 2017, according to the World Bank, and its international trade has been growing and quadrupling. The country mainly trades with the United States, Germany, Panama, China, Brazil and the Netherlands. They have also signed a number of trade agreements with the United States, MERCOSUR countries, mainly Central America, the Caribbean countries and the European Union, as well as the ANC. In addition, they have signed Pacific alliances with Chile, Mexico and Peru to strengthen trade relations with Asian markets.

Exit

Coal

Coal is one of Colombia's main exports, with 33.834 million tonnes exported in the first five months of 2019, and they remain strong in coal exports. The data showed that they exported less coal in the same period in 2019 than in the same period in 2018.

However, they rebounded in the months after May, with the government reporting $738 million in revenue from coal sales to overseas markets, up 30 percent from $568 million in 2018. Colombian coal prices are expected to remain stable for the rest of the year.

Colombia remains one of the world's leading mining nations, with large reserves of natural minerals, including coal.

Oil

Colombia produces crude oil, with export earnings from this product reaching $11.1 billion. Through December 2018, the country reported an average daily production of 591.985 barrels. Colombia became an oil exporter in the mid-1980s and has not looked back since, as the US is a major importer of Colombian crude.

Colombia's crude oil exports account for 57% of the country's total exports. It exports oil through the state-owned Colombian Petroleum Corporation, also known as Ecopetrol, but the country consumes its gasoline and other fuels locally. Profits from oil exploration in the country used to be split 50 ⁄ 50 between the state and the private sector, but the private sector has invested less in the oil sector due to attacks on oil interests by many insurgents.

Flowers

Colombia is a major exporter of flowers with a wide range of markets. Due to its mild climate, the country's proximity to the equator provides a unique environment for flowers to grow. The country is the second largest exporter of fresh cut flowers in the world, with a 15% global market share. Their large flowers, thick stems, and strong fragrance make them easy to distinguish.

Of the 400 farmers who grow flowers in Colombia, 300 grow flowers for export. The country has 4,000 hectares of land dedicated to the professional production of flowers, with roses occupying the largest share. Interestingly, Colombia is the world's largest exporter of chrysanthemums, not roses, because of stiff competition from countries such as Kenya that grow the fine roses. In addition to roses, Colombia also produces mini carnations, pom-poms, chrysanthemums and six-flowered flowers. The US gets 80% of its roses from Colombia, followed by Russia and the UK.

banana

Colombia was the sixth largest banana exporter in 2019. Bananas worth $859 million were exported in 2018 with the US and Europe as the main markets. This is a 1.4% increase for the same product in 2017. In 2019, banana exports brought in revenues worth $868 million. The country was able to achieve this growth by planting more areas and renewing plantations that have ceased production.

Import

Although Colombia has very strict regulations on importing cars into the country, it is still the main import into the country. Colombian authorities do not allow the import of used cars, so only brand new cars can be imported. The exception is foreign diplomats who move to Colombia, but they must first register with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The number of imported cars increased in 2018, with Chevrolet being the most imported and sold brand in the country. About 50,000 of the car were sold throughout the year. French brand Renault came in second with 49,700 units.

Mechanical

Most of the machinery imported into the country is agricultural machinery and computers. The country spent $5.8 billion on machinery and equipment imports. Most of these exports enter the country as corporate imports.

Since the country joined the WTO's Information Technology Agreement in 2012, which requires member states to remove tariffs on most information technology products, Colombia has enjoyed importing some of the latest agricultural, manufacturing and processing plant machinery and equipment, which do have contribute to its development. economy.

5 major ports in Peru

5 major ports in Peru
5 major ports in Peru

The Peruvian port system has more than 100 port facilities. These are classified as river, sea and lake ports. Among the major coastal ports, Callao is the most important port for cargo transportation. This is because 70% of cargo handling in Peru takes place at this port.

91% of total exports and 65% of export FOB value are handled by Peruvian ports. Peru borders the Pacific Ocean and has a long west coast. It is not surprising that Peru has numerous ports, as 90% of Peru's exports are shipped by sea.

What are the main ports in Peru?

1. Port of Callao

The Port of Callao is the main port in terms of traffic and storage capacity. Located in Lima, the capital of the central coast, it is 16 meters deep and can carry heavy cargo.

This particular terminal is connected to the industrial area of ​​Lima as well as to the rest of the country. The connection also extends to Jorge Chavez International Airport across the Andes. It is reported that in 2017, container ships berthed at the South Wharf for about 19 hours on average, and at the North Wharf for nearly 23 hours.

2. Shirt port

The port of Paita is the second largest national port in Peru in terms of container traffic, after Callao. Paita, located in Piura in the north of the country, ranks third in terms of total cargo traffic.

Since October 2009, the port has been operated by a Peruvian-Portuguese consortium called Terminales Portuarios Euroandinos SA or TPE. According to reports, by the end of 2016, the operating volume in the port had exceeded 215,000 TEUs.

OSITRAN, Peru's regulator related to investments in public transport infrastructure, said Peru's business was mainly export-oriented. In 2016, nearly 95% of exports were shipped in containers. Among the many export products, there are mainly aquatic biological products such as fish, fish oil and squid, and agricultural and industrial products such as grapes, mangoes, coffee, and bananas.

3. Port of Matalani

The Port of Matarani is located approximately 452 miles south of Callao and serves the southern region of Peru as well as several major cities in Bolivia, namely Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and Oruro.

Back in 1999, the port was awarded to Romero's group company Terminal Internacional del Sur SA (TISUR) for a period of 3 years. This is what has led to the multiplication of cargo to and from Bolivia, as well as increased investment in port infrastructure.

4. Port Talara

The Port of Talara is not only state-owned, it is also operated by the national oil company Petróleos del Perú SA (PETROPERU). Refineries process different products such as motor gasoline, solvents, A-1 turbo, diesel 2, LPG, industrial oils and bitumen.

The Port of Talara serves the oil industry in the Piura and Tumbes regions. Most of the rest of the country sells to them. Shipping takes place through their own loading dock. The tankers were shipped to tankers at Chimbote, Supe, Callao, Eten, Salaverry, Pisco, Mollendo and Ilo terminals.

The Port of Talara entrance channel is in the SE-NW direction with a minimum width of 180 m and a water depth of 10 ⁄ 11 m. It can accommodate tankers up to 210 m long with a maximum draft of 10.36 m and a maximum draft of 10.70 m at the buoy.

The port contains a subsea pipeline for loading and unloading crude oil. There are six supporting mooring buoys as the boats always move towards the southern area.

5. Port of Salaverry

The port of Salaverry is actually an artificial port. It's basically a dock that's constantly exposed to surges and swells. The port contains a 700-meter long breakwater and extension. Although this has decreased, small surges and swells within the port operations area and terminals remain to be resolved.

The port serves Truillo and the neighboring states of Ancash, Lambayeque and Cajamarca. It is managed by Empresa Nacional de Puertos SA (ENAPU). The port contains two sturdy quays for handling general cargo and bulk cargo. This also includes the use of mobile shore loaders for copper concentrates.