The low sulphur surcharge (LSS), low sulphur fuel surcharge or low sulphur fuel surcharge (LSF) is known to be derived from regulations originally agreed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2012 to reduce sulphur fuel emissions in ports and densely populated The coastline was burnt by cargo ships. Fuels with high sulfur content result in large emissions of sulfur dioxide, which are known to be harmful to public health.
From January 1, 2015, carriers will require ships passing through designated Emission Control Areas (ECAs) to use fuel with a sulphur content of 0.1% or less, a significant reduction from the 1.0% concentration fuel currently used in maritime transport . The Emission Control Area (ECA) to be enforced in 2015 includes the Baltic Sea, the English Channel, the North Sea, and an area 200 nautical miles from the coast of the United States and Canada.
The low sulphur surcharge is a surcharge imposed by the line to cover costs associated with the use of low sulphur fuels compliant with the IMO 2020 sulphur cap.
Despite the use of the term, different shipping lines have referred to it by different names - Low Sulphur Surcharge (LSS), Green Fuel Surcharge (GFS), Emission Control Area Surcharge (ECA), various amounts of low Sulphur Fuel Surcharge (LSF). ! !
All routes are said to be preparing to impose mandatory surcharges in addition to freight and other surcharges in 2019 on all trade routes, especially the ECA area.
Should the low sulphur surcharge be included in the dutiable value?
Article 5 of the "Measures of the Customs of the People's Republic of China on Examination and Approval of the Dutiable Value of Imported and Exported Goods" stipulates that the customs value of imported goods shall be reviewed and determined by the customs on the basis of the transaction value of the goods, and shall include the time from the arrival of the goods to the place of import within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Transportation before unloading and related costs, insurance. Article 35 stipulates that the transportation of imported goods and related expenses shall be calculated according to the expenses actually paid or payable by the buyer.
The low sulphur surcharge is a fee charged by the logistics provider to the relevant parties for the use of low sulphur fuel oil for its ships in the emission control area, which is closely related to the transportation process and is It happened before, so it belongs to the transportation and related expenses described in the "Measures of the Customs of the People's Republic of China on the Verification of the Dutiable Value of Imported and Exported Goods".
Under normal circumstances, if the transaction method of imported goods adopts FOB (free on board) terms, and the low-sulfur surcharge is clearly borne by the consignee of the imported goods, it should be included in the dutiable value of the goods and truthfully declared to the customs. If the transaction method of imported goods is CIF or CNF (cost plus freight) terms, it needs to be determined according to the specific agreement between the buyer and the seller. If it has been included in the freight and related expenses paid by the foreign seller, it will not be included in the customs value; such as If it is not included in the freight and related expenses paid by the foreign seller, and is actually borne by the consignee of the imported goods, it should be included in the dutiable value of the goods and must be truthfully declared to the customs.
If you sell online, you will inevitably be rewarded. While many online sellers see international sales as a one-way ticket to business growth, few seem to think about international returns.
While cross-border trade is a key focus for online retailers looking to expand sales, it also faces challenges. Specifically, one of the main reasons small and midsize companies shy away from international sales is the fear of returns.
That said, the process is getting easier as governments and postal service operators work together to optimize cross-border e-commerce deliveries and returns.
Take care of taxes and duties
One of the biggest challenges mentioned by small businesses when dealing with international returns is managing taxes and duties. This is because different countries—even states, provinces, republics, and territories—have unique tax laws. Failure to properly calculate taxes can result in delayed shipments, or worse, forfeitures.
In some cases, taxation can be a simple process. For example, there are no taxes or duties on items under $40 shipped from the U.S. to Canada. Others may be more complex and the tools available are invaluable for estimating these potential costs.
Why are products being returned?
A lower rate of return means more profit and more satisfied customers. That's why it's important to find out why a product was returned. Here are some common reasons:
Customer receives wrong product or wrong size
Product does not match product description
Damage to the customer when the order arrives
Of course, the reasons may vary depending on what you sell, your industry, and many other factors.
5 Tips for Handling International Returns
1. Let your customers choose how to return
The first and easiest option for you is to leave the return method to your customers. The only thing that is fixed is the address your client has to send to (that is, your address).
Your customers choose which carrier to ship with and which delivery point to ship the package to. However, this is the least customer friendly solution, so it may cost you switching costs in international online stores.
The advantage is that once you receive the product, you can evaluate it yourself and add it back to your inventory faster.
As an online retailer, you are not reimbursed for returns.
However, if the customer returns their entire order (within the EU), you will have to reimburse the outbound shipping. In addition to that, you can choose whether to let your customers pay for returns. You can make this return method more customer-friendly.
But how?
Extend the return period. Your customers will then become attached to the product or care less about it. This also reduces the chance of returns.
2. Arrangements with International Carriers
If you're shipping a lot, including returns, you can make a lot of deals with international carriers.
A good example is fashion chain Zalando, which has a partnership with DHL for both shipping and returns. By making a custom arrangement with a carrier, you can often not only discuss lower rates, but also get more services from the carrier, such as pickups and returns.
Furthermore, with Sendcloud you can offer multiple shipping methods and optimal integration with local and international carriers. In this way, you can provide a more efficient and budget-friendly return process.
3. Subtly offset return costs for your customers
Our research shows that 74% of European consumers would not reorder from an online store if they had to pay for the return themselves. 77% agree that free returns are more convincing to order from online stores more frequently.
However, if you don't want to incur the return costs yourself but still want some form of service, you have another option. You can add a return label to your order and deduct the return fee from your order refund. This method is allowed since you do not need to be reimbursed for returns.
This is great for customers because they don't have to pay immediately when they return the package. This eases the pain of returns, especially the cost of returns.
More importantly, it makes returns a little easier. 37% of European consumers say they would reorder from an online store if they were offered a quick and easy return process.
So it's also in your favor: your customers will come back to you faster thanks to your easy return policy.
4. Outsource international returns to a local party
Have you ever thought about processing returns through your local party? By doing this, you allow customers to return their products to the party you are working with in the country of sale.
This party specialises in handling consignment/returns and therefore ensures that processes, including administration, run as efficiently as possible.
When there are many packages, the parties can return to your warehouse in large quantities, which is cost-effective. Working in this way also allows you to pay back your customers faster, as the product can be received and evaluated faster locally.
This option is relatively expensive because you are doing external collaboration. However, if you receive a lot of returns (like fashion), it can help you save as much as possible.
Create clear protocols and ensure good connections between your online store, inventory and external parties. When you receive a return notification for a product, you can immediately refund the customer or ship a new product, even before your warehouse receives the order.
5. Easily process returns for you and your customers
Would you rather take your online store's returns process into your own hands?
Then use smart solutions to process returns more efficiently. With the Sendcloud returns portal, you can provide your customers with a simple and smooth returns process.
You can offer other refund options and let your customers decide how to return them using flexible returns.
Microplastics generally refer to plastic particles between 0.33 mm and 5 mm in size [1]. Microplastics can come from a variety of sources, including microbeads from personal care products; fibers from synthetic clothing; pre-manufactured granules and powders; and fragments that degrade from larger plastic products. These smaller plastic particles can be ingested by aquatic organisms. ACC's Plastics Division and its member companies work to better understand the potential role of microplastics in the marine environment.
Multiple studies have shown that microplastics in the marine environment can absorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Microplastics are small in size, but have a very large specific surface area, and have a strong ability to adsorb pollutants in the environment. Why is this?
Specific surface area refers to the total area possessed by a unit volume of material. Assuming that the microplastic is a cube, it is continuously cut, but the total volume remains unchanged. It can be found that the smaller the microplastic is cut, the larger the total contact area. The larger the contact area, the more adsorption sites, and the larger the adsorption capacity, so the microplastics have strong adsorption.
Why are microplastics bad?
We've known for years that microplastics are problematic, but a growing body of research continues to highlight just how much they affect the environment and our health. Microplastics are extremely persistent, which means it is nearly impossible to remove them from the environment in which they accumulate. Because of their persistence and the chemicals that make them up, research suggests they can be very harmful to the organisms they come into contact with, including causing reduced feeding, poisoning, and increased mortality. They also tend to facilitate the transfer of contaminants along the food chain, with potentially serious consequences for human health. Scientists warn that the situation is out of control. They found microplastics almost everywhere they looked: on mountains, in the ocean, in Arctic sea ice, and in our air, drinking water and bodies.
Where exactly do microplastics come from?
On the one hand, there is plastic waste, which is formed by physical, chemical and biological decomposition, which is secondary microplastics. Another major source is the friction particles such as polyethylene and polypropylene added in our daily use of toiletries, such as facial cleansers, toothpaste, and scrubs, which are primary microplastics. There may be more than 300,000 plastic microbeads in just one scrub. Microplastics eventually flow into the sea continuously. It is estimated that the amount of sediments on the seabed around the world has reached tens of millions of tons. It is imperative to control microplastics!
How to reduce microplastics?
Wastewater and drinking water treatment is very effective in removing microplastics. Research, albeit limited, has shown that they can remove more than 90 percent of microplastics.
But there is also a lot that individuals can do to reduce microplastics. Perhaps the most important step is to change the way we think and behave.
Modern lifestyles are full of single-use plastic items such as straws and cups. People think we use plastic cutlery for an average of three minutes at a time, but it remains in the environment for hundreds of years. Single-use plastics, including food packaging, are also one of the biggest contributors to plastic pollution.
Thinking about how plastic is made and what happens to it after it's used makes a difference.
"We need to ask ourselves if we really need to use certain types of plastic, like disposable forks," Alex said. "If we do, we need to question how we are responsible for it and how we can best handle it. It only takes a few seconds.
'An example of this is accidental littering. People might throw garbage into a full bin thinking they've done their part and the garbage collectors will take it from there, but all it takes is a gust of wind to blow it down and you've got Garbage everywhere. So while it may be well-intentioned, it is not a responsible disposal.
"Responsible disposal may be that you end up taking your rubbish home so you can properly recycle it. Every situation and individual is different.
International express (parcel), parcels sent by international express, and parcels delivered from China to the United States, Japan, South Korea, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and other countries can be called international parcels. International parcels need to be transported across borders, and any All cross-border transportation requires customs clearance, including export customs clearance and import customs clearance.
For example, if you send a package from China to the United States, you need to clear customs when you leave the country, and you need to be inspected, checked, and inspected by customs staff before the goods can be loaded onto an airplane or a ship at the dock. After the goods are loaded on the means of transportation, international transportation begins, and they are delivered to ports or airports in the United States. After arriving at a U.S. port or airport, it needs to be unloaded for customs clearance, and only after customs clearance can the terminal be transported.
That is to say, when we send international parcels, we must go through customs clearance, and we have to go through two customs clearances, one for the exporting country’s export clearance and the other for the destination country’s import clearance.
Does it have to be officially reported?
First of all, if the inbound and outbound goods of individuals exceed the prescribed limit, they should go through the return procedures or go through the customs clearance procedures in accordance with the regulations of the goods. However, if there is only one item in the parcel and it is inseparable, although it exceeds the specified limit, if it is indeed for personal use after the customs review, it can go through the customs clearance procedures according to the regulations on personal items. That is to say, express declaration can be made, and the express company can declare directly and quickly clear customs.
However, if the import and export of commercial mail, or the amount/quantity of products exceeding the reasonable range for self-use, should go through customs clearance procedures in accordance with the provisions of the goods.
1. International express customs clearance process
The normal international express customs clearance process is: customs declaration - goods inspection - customs duties - release. Under normal circumstances, imported goods are basically subject to customs duties and value-added tax. According to the customs code HS CODE, the tax point is How many.
2. What documents are required for customs clearance?
Customs clearance mainly requires three documents, one is the declaration document, which needs to provide various information of the item, including weight, quantity, value, material, use, etc. A commercial invoice is also required to prove the value of the goods. In addition, there are some special certification documents, live products, liquids, pure batteries, brand items, etc., all require certification documents.
3. What are the customs clearance methods?
The customs clearance methods include general trade customs clearance, express customs clearance, etc. Express delivery generally takes the express channel, unless the value or quantity is exceeded, it will be transferred to general trade.
General trade customs clearance is a traditional customs clearance mode with low customs clearance efficiency, but it is suitable for customs clearance of large-volume, high-value goods, and can enjoy export tax rebates.
Express customs clearance is also known as express customs declaration, express customs declaration. Express customs declaration refers to the way of submitting express quotations (KJ1, KJ2, KJ3 declarations, etc.) to the customs in the name of express companies, and customs clearance of goods in the form of express. The express customs clearance efficiency is relatively high, and the express company can directly help the shipper to solve various matters such as customs clearance and storage, but it is not suitable for the customs clearance operation of large quantities of goods.
In which case, what kind of goods are most suitable for import by express customs declaration (express customs declaration)?
1). Small bulk cargo, a small amount of samples and advertising materials, etc.;
2). Lack of various products from certain units (such as no 3C certification);
3). Urgent goods that are too late to go through the customs clearance procedures for trade;
4) Various products that want to save costs and do not need VAT tickets;
5). Items for personal use.
A bonded warehouse is a place used to store and process goods imported into new markets. Goods stored in bonded warehouses are not subject to customs duties (a type of tax). Any applicable customs duties shall be paid when the goods are transported to the next destination. Bonded warehouses can be owned by governments or private companies, helping to improve inventory and cash flow efficiency.
Using a bonded warehouse means that goods can be moved closer to their final destination, and payment of duties can be deferred until the product is moved.
The system provides significant benefits for commercial transactions across different jurisdictions. For organizations importing and exporting goods, bonded warehouses can be used to eliminate the need to pay customs duties, further increasing efficiency.
Why use a bonded warehouse?
Bonded warehouses can be an ideal option for importers and exporters of certain products for a number of reasons. These include:
Deferred payments for such products mean that no tax is due until the item is sold, which can greatly improve a business's cash flow. In many cases, this can be between 25% and 33% of the upfront cost of imported goods.
If the goods are set for export, there is no duty to be paid in the UK, but in the destination country. This means double spending will be avoided, resulting in further savings.
Goods can be imported and stored in bonded warehouses ahead of peak season, which means they can fulfill orders without delay.
Many times, bonded warehouses have specialized facilities, such as deep freezing vats for storing wine or spirits.
Entry and exit customs documents are usually provided by bonded warehouse facilities.
If you're not sure whether bonded storage is right for your business, here are three reasons why you should consider it.
1) Improve cash flow
Delaying payment of tariffs before purchasing goods can have a positive effect on cash flow. By storing your goods in a bonded warehouse, you only pay import duties when the goods enter the UK market, so if you have any difficulties moving your goods, you don't have to pay taxes in advance. You can't guarantee the sale will pay for itself. In bonded storage, all shipments are classified as suspended duty, which avoids prepayment of duty on products that may be in stock for several months.
2) If you export the goods, you do not need to pay import tax
If you're importing to exporting to a non-EU country, using a bonded warehouse is a breeze. Storing your goods in a bonded warehouse means you don't have to pay any import duties on exported products, saving you time and money. This means businesses can avoid paying tariffs twice, often saving around 25-30%.
It's also worth noting that if your goods need to be destroyed without selling, you won't have to pay import duty on them.
3) Port-centric logistics
Most bonded warehouses are located at or very close to ports (for example, John Good has a bonded warehouse in the Port of Felixstowe), which means you can store your goods at ports of entry and distribute them when needed. This lowers costs across the supply chain due to shorter lead times, lower potential for damage, significant savings in transportation costs and lower carbon emissions.
A customs warehouse is a warehouse where goods are stored under customs supervision and security. They are stored in designated places and are not subject to import duties and taxes until they are designated a final regime.
The type of entry into the customs warehouse mainly depends on the final destination of the goods and the commercial needs of the importer
Types of customs warehouses
There are basically five types of customs bonded warehouses:
Private warehouse
This type of warehouse is owned and operated by the company in which its imported or manufactured goods are stored. Goods from the port are received here and then distributed, for example, to various stores in the retail chain.
Public warehouse
Here, everyone can store their goods for import, export, manufacturing and distribution. Businesses use these facilities to address their short-term distribution needs. When there is no more space in the retailer's warehouse, excess goods can be stored in public warehouses.
Automated warehouse
Many warehouses have been modernized thanks to advances in computer and robotics. They use the latest technology to operate faster and more efficiently. The level of mechanization can range from small conveyors that move goods from one area to another to fully automated warehouses. Automation reduces labor and operating costs. It also simplifies functionality, making warehouses run faster, smoother, and generally have fewer bugs.
Temperature controlled warehouse
Many products require special handling; these include products such as computer equipment, sensitive electronic parts, frozen foods, produce, and flowers. To keep these shipments in ideal condition, make sure your warehouse offers air-conditioned and humidity-controlled space within your specifications.
Distribution center
This type of warehouse helps distribution companies receive products from various suppliers and then ship them to their customers. The point here is not storage, but reorganization and movement. Goods entering a distribution center can be broken down, aggregated or reprocessed, ready to be shipped to a store or customer.
Advantages of customs warehouse
As a major benefit, we highlight the advantage of being able to store goods without paying import duties and taxes until a final regime is specified for their transport.
Also comment on the improvement in the quality of customer service as it makes it easier for the company to get inventory and you will enjoy greater lead time efficiency.
On the other hand, another advantage to consider is cost savings for the company.
Configuration files and operations of customs warehouse:
Custodian: is the person in charge who is authorized to manage deposits.
Depositor: A person who is bound by a statement incorporated into the system, or who has been assigned the rights and obligations of the previous system.
Representative: Represents any of the above (the depositor or depositor) and provides statements related to the deposit.
Customs Control: Customs control of the warehouse in question depends on it.
Inventory accounting: A set of records for operations on stored goods: entry, exit...
Transfer between warehouses: The transfer between two commodity warehouses related to the system.
Declaration/Information: A communication from the depositor, custodian or representative, where appropriate, to the relevant customs office.
Bonded supervision place is one of the important forms of customs bonded system. There are several common modes of bonded warehouse, export supervision warehouse, bonded factory and bonded logistics center. With so many similar concepts, can you tell them apart? Today, TJ chinafreight will introduce these concepts and related tax refund policies to you.
Bonded warehouse
A bonded warehouse is a place used to store and process goods imported into new markets. Goods stored in bonded warehouses are not subject to customs duties (a type of tax). Any applicable customs duties shall be paid when the goods are transported to the next destination. Bonded warehouses can be owned by governments or private companies, helping to improve inventory and cash flow efficiency. Using a bonded warehouse means that goods can be moved closer to their final destination, and payment of duties can be deferred until the product is moved. The system provides significant benefits for commercial transactions across different jurisdictions. For organizations importing and exporting goods, bonded warehouses can be used to eliminate the need to pay customs duties, further increasing efficiency. The purpose and structure of a bonded warehouse varies from country to country.
Bonded Factory
A bonded factory is a factory or enterprise that has been approved by the customs and specialized in processing and manufacturing re-exported products with bonded imported materials. The materials and parts imported by the bonded factories for the production of export products are customs bonded goods, and the customs will fully bond them. After the processed and manufactured finished products are exported, the imported materials and parts will be exempted from import duties, import value-added tax and consumption tax according to the actual consumption.
Export supervision warehouse
The export supervision warehouse refers to the special customs supervision warehouse that stores goods that have gone through customs export formalities, carries out bonded logistics and distribution, and provides marketable value-added services. Including the export distribution warehouse (storing the actual exit of the export) and the internal transfer warehouse (storing the export and internal transfer).
Bonded warehouse refers to a warehouse dedicated to storing bonded goods and other goods that have not gone through customs formalities. Including public bonded warehouses, self-use bonded warehouses and special bonded warehouses (such as liquid dangerous goods bonded warehouses, material bonded warehouses, agency sales bonded warehouses, etc.).
Inbound and outbound cargo management between the logistics center and overseas. For goods entering and leaving between the logistics center and overseas, the customs in charge of the logistics center shall implement record entry and exit management. Goods entering the logistics center from abroad upon approval by the customs shall be bonded, office supplies, transportation, transportation tools, consumer goods, etc. for self-use imported from abroad, as well as imported machinery, loading and unloading equipment, management Equipment, etc., go through relevant procedures in accordance with the relevant regulations and tax policies of imported goods. When the goods stored in the bonded logistics center leave the logistics center and are finally exported to overseas, the customs shall implement the record management.
Management of incoming and outgoing goods between the logistics center and areas outside the domestic bonded supervision area. The goods entering the logistics center are deemed to be imported, and the import declaration procedures shall be handled according to the actual trade mode and actual status of the goods; the goods entering the logistics center from the territory are deemed to be exported, and the domestic consignor shall go through the export declaration procedures, and can enjoy the refund of export goods (exemption). tax policy.
On January 1, 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) came into effect, marking the official launch of a free trade zone with the largest population, largest economic and trade scale, and great development potential in the world. It is worth noting that RCEP brings the two major economies of China and Japan into the same free trade framework for the first time, which will greatly promote the development of trade in goods between the two countries and affect the layout of industries and supply chains.
For cross-border e-commerce going overseas, the official entry into force of RCEP has further opened up the Japanese e-commerce market and pushed it into a new stage of development. However, the Japanese e-commerce market has limitations, and under the background of RCEP, my country's cross-border e-commerce will face a series of challenges such as customs, taxation, and personal information protection. solved problem.
Potential compliance risks of cross-border e-commerce going to Japan
Tax risk
The target markets of cross-border e-commerce companies going overseas include mature markets such as Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, as well as developing markets such as Southeast Asia. The tax systems of different countries are different, and they are constantly being updated and improved, which is different from the clear tax policy in China. Enterprises may lack understanding of the tax policy of the export destination, or there may be deviations in their understanding, which poses tax compliance challenges for cross-border e-commerce enterprises going overseas. In the process of cross-border e-commerce enterprises going overseas, tax compliance optimization is one of the things that cannot be avoided and need to be solved urgently.
From April 2020, the Japanese Customs announced that it will start to implement the reverse calculation method to levy tariffs on goods exported to Japan, which is usually called the "inverse algorithm". , not according to the amount declared by the importer, but the selling price through the seller's sales link, minus the various costs of the platform, and the import declaration price is verified by the Japanese customs. When the judgment is correct, the customer has the right to request the customer to revise the declared amount according to the reverse algorithm to pay tax. The original intention of adopting the inverse algorithm is to repair the existing tax loopholes, and its essence is to adjust the time node and verification method of tax collection.
In order to evade the inverse algorithm, some companies have adopted some illegal means, such as increasing the link price after customs clearance, and using other people's links to ship products on their behalf. However, the Japanese customs has a very high level of inspection of goods. If a false declaration is found by the customs, in addition to the conventional tax payment and delay in customs clearance, it will also increase the storage fee for the backlog of goods at the customs, resulting in longer logistics time for goods transportation. , bringing a burden to logistics costs, which in turn affects sales and reputation. Tax compliance is the general trend. Enterprises should abide by relevant overseas laws and regulations, abide by platform policies, and operate in compliance.
Customs clearance risk
Cross-border e-commerce has the advantages of online marketing, online transactions, and contactless delivery. Transaction information can cross the border through the Internet, but the physical goods that need to be delivered need to be inspected and supervised by the customs during transportation. If the goods are in violation of regulations, they cannot be Passed customs inspection smoothly. The customs clearance risks faced by cross-border e-commerce companies in export trade mainly come from the customs regulations of the buyer's location. On the other hand, it may be out of the seller's luck that they take risks in order to obtain profits, make false reports, and fail to report the information of export commodities truthfully, resulting in a series of complex customs clearance risks.\
Information Protection Risk
The protection of online personal information in the RCEP e-commerce rules mainly relies on the domestic legal framework of the contracting parties. In fact, there are differences in the personal information protection policies of RCEP parties, as well as differences in the handling of personal sensitive information and non-personal sensitive information. Cross-border e-commerce companies may collect excessive information without understanding local regulations or Improper handling of information, thereby causing cross-border e-commerce companies to have the risk of violations when collecting and using data containing personal information. Japan attaches great importance to the protection of personal information. As early as 2003, the Japanese National Assembly passed the "Personal Information Protection Law". Regardless of whether the personal information processor is a domestic company or a foreign company, as long as the personal information is obtained when providing goods or services, it will be Subject to Japan's "Personal Information Protection Law", those who violate the law will face severe penalties.
RCEP has a wide range of content and detailed terms, and at the same time pays great attention to consumer rights, data security and personal information security. In addition, Japan's strict supervision of customs, taxation and personal information poses challenges to the compliant operation of cross-border e-commerce enterprises in my country. my country and Japan are very different in terms of economy, cultural customs, etc., and the compliance risk of overseas enterprises has suddenly increased. It is suggested that cross-border e-commerce enterprises should speed up their transformation, explore localized business models, speed up the layout of overseas warehouses, improve their awareness of risk prevention, and formulate targeted compliance business strategies, so as to seize the opportunities brought by RCEP and promote the health of cross-border e-commerce. developing.
The marine sector has grown by leaps and bounds over the past few decades, and ports and port facilities are needed to meet these growing demands.
This is why each country's shipping authority is focused on ensuring that its shipping ports are adequate for the needs of industry operators and drivers.
However, even as each country focuses on improving its port infrastructure, there are some global leaders with seaports - bigger and busier than all others.
Interestingly, the busiest port facilities are located in Asia due to the continent's geographic location on important maritime trade routes linking ports in Europe and the Middle East.
Details of the 10 busiest ports in the world are listed below, each with their own uniqueness.
NO.1 Ningbo Zhoushan Port
port of ningbo zhoushan, China
Ningbo Zhoushan Port is the port of Ningbo City and Zhoushan City in Zhejiang Province, China. It is located in the middle of the coastline of mainland China and the south wing of the "Yangtze River Economic Belt". It is an important iron ore transfer base, crude oil transfer base, liquid chemical storage and transportation base in China and an important coal and grain storage and transportation base in East China.
NO.2 Shanghai Port
Yang shan harbor of shanghai, China
Shanghai Port is a port in Shanghai, China. It is located in the middle of the coastline of mainland China and at the mouth of the Yangtze River. It connects the north and south coasts of China and the world's oceans, and then runs through the Yangtze River Basin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Taihu Lake Basins. Shanghai Port has established container cargo trade with more than 500 ports in 214 countries and regions around the world, and has more than 80 international routes.
In 2020, the port's annual cargo throughput exceeded 43.5 million TEUs, making it the busiest container facility in the world.
It mainly handles bulk cargo transportation of coal, metal ores, petroleum and its derivatives, steel, machinery and construction equipment.
The port consists of 125 terminals and 19 terminal facilities capable of accommodating the world's largest ships and carriers. In addition to the 5 main port areas, the port also has a cruise ship terminal with an annual throughput of more than 1 million passengers. More than a quarter of China's trade is handled at the port of Shanghai.
NO.3 Tangshan Port
Tangshan Port is located on the southeast coast of Tangshan City, Hebei Province. It is an important regional port along the coast of my country and an important part of the specialized transportation system for bulk materials such as energy and raw materials. Tangshan Port is adjacent to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Caofeidian is 400 nautical miles from Incheon, South Korea, 680 nautical miles from Nagasaki, Japan, and 935 nautical miles from Kobe. The shipping routes to ore exporting countries such as Australia, Brazil, Peru, South Africa, and India are also very smooth.
In the past ten years, the planned coastline of Tangshan Port has increased from 32.5 kilometers to 65.5 kilometers, the planned dock coastline has increased from 90.1 kilometers to 190.3 kilometers, and the number of berths that can be planned and arranged has increased from 344 to 602, forming the "one port, three" in the whole port. District” and the planning and layout of dislocation development.
NO.4 Port of Qingdao
Like many famous seaports in China, Qingdao Port has a long history - since 1892, it has connected the Bohai Rim and Yangtze River Delta regions with the rest of the world. Qingdao offers direct flights to more than 180 countries and 700 ports.
Qingdao Port includes Qingdao Old Port, Huangdao Oil Port and Qianwan New Port
In 1984, three U.S. Navy ships docked in Qingdao, the first time the U.S. docked at a Chinese port in 37 years.
NO.5 Guangzhou Port
Known as the "Maritime Silk Road", Guangzhou Port has a coastline of nearly 250 miles and is an important shipping hub in South China. Located in the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou is connected to more than 100 ports in China and more than 350 ports around the world.
In recent years, Guangzhou Port has benchmarked against world-class container hub ports, and has taken various measures to promote the development of containers to a new level, consolidating and improving the energy level of Guangzhou Port as an international container hub. In 2021, Guangzhou Port will complete a total cargo throughput of 623.67 million tons, an increase of 1.8%.
NO.6 Port of Singapore
The Port of Singapore is located on the southern coast of Singapore, with the southeastern side of the Malacca Strait in the west and the northern side of the Singapore Strait in the south. It is one of the largest container ports in the world. The port is the main shipping route between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and its strategic position is very important. It has been an international trade port since the 13th century and has developed into an internationally renowned entrepot. The Port of Singapore is also the country's political, economic, cultural and transportation center.
The Port of Singapore has superior natural conditions, spacious waters, and little impact from storms. The administrative area is 5.38 million square meters. The water depth is suitable. Ships with a draft of about 13m can smoothly enter the port and berth. The port equipment is advanced and complete, and computerized information is used. The system also seeks to simplify and facilitate user procedures.
NO.7 Suzhou Port
Suzhou Port, located in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, is located in the throat area of the mouth of the Yangtze River, starting from Changshan Mountain in the west (the junction of Zhangjiagang and Jiangyin), and east to the south of Liuhekou (the junction of Taicang and Shanghai). The southeast is close to Shanghai, and the southwest is the economically developed Jiangsu, Xi and Chang areas. It is an emerging port built by the combination of Zhangjiagang Port, Changshu Port and Taicang Port, the former national first-class open ports in China. The original three ports correspondingly become Suzhou Port Zhangjiagang Port Area, Changshu Port Area and Taicang Port Area.
In 1968, Zhangjiagang Port Area was established; in 1992, Taicang Port Area was developed and constructed; in August of the same year, Changshu Port Area started construction; in 2002, the original Zhangjiagang Port, Changshu Port and Taicang Port were combined to form Suzhou Port.
NO.8 Port Hedland
Port Hedland, a port on the Indian Ocean coast in the northwest of Western Australia, Australia. Australian iron ore export port. Located on the northwest coast of Western Australia, east of the port town, facing the southern Indian Ocean to the north, 133 nautical miles from Dampier to the west, 258 nautical miles from Broome Port in the northeast, 812 nautical miles from Wyndham Port, 917 nautical miles from Darwin Port, and north of Lombok The strait is 706 nautical miles and has a population of 15,000.
Just this February, Australia's Western Australian state government approved a development plan to allow Port Hedland, the operator, to export 660 million tonnes of iron ore a year, enabling port backers to invest in onshore infrastructure upgrades and advance their investment and development. growth strategy.
NO.9 Rizhao Port
Rizhao Port is located in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China. It faces the Yellow Sea in the east, Qingdao Port in the north, Lianyungang Port in the south, and faces Japan, South Korea and North Korea across the sea. It is one of the 20 major coastal hub ports developed by China. In 1978, the Shandong Provincial People's Government planned and surveyed the port selection of Rizhao Port. In 1982, the Rizhao Port officially started construction; in 1986, the Rizhao Port opened for operation.
There are 58 productive berths in Rizhao Port, with an annual throughput of over 300 million. There are two major port areas, Shijiu and Lanshan. As of 2010, Rizhao Port has 38 40-ton, 25-ton, 16-ton and 10-ton gantry cranes, 7 high-horsepower diesel locomotives, 2 imported alumina special ship unloaders, tire cranes, excavators and other Heavy, transport and other equipment
NO.10 Tianjin Port
Shot in Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Port is an important port facility and an important logistics and shipping center in North China. It is located on the west coast of Bohai Bay and is also the maritime gateway to Beijing. It is the largest artificial port facility in China and the ninth busiest port in the world. It handled more than 18.35 million TEUs in 2020 and has trade links with more than 600 ports in 190 countries, with more than 120 container routes.
Tianjin Port covers an area of more than 120 square kilometers, with a wharf of 34 kilometers long and has more than 170 berths for cargo ships. It has 2 passenger terminals and 9 port areas, among which the 3 port areas of Beijiang, Nanjiang and Dongjiang undertake most of the trade business. It also has six main and two temporary anchor areas.
As China is an important central node of the global industrial chain, with a large economy and developed industrial manufacturing, and thanks to the effective prevention and control of the epidemic, manufacturing and residents' lives are generally running smoothly. Compared with foreign ports, major ports generally have better performance. High cargo throughput levels.
According to a final report by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) on March 29, the remedy - which would eliminate all overlapping operations of the two companies and be accepted by the European Commission (EC) - will not effectively address the Cargotec & Konecranes board of directors The CMA's concerns and the planned merger between Konecranes and Cargotec could not be completed, the statement wrote. Previously, the merger plan has been approved by China's State Administration for Market Regulation and nine other major regulators, as well as conditional approval from the European Union.
The CMA found that "the expected merger between Cargotec Corporation and Konecranes Plc is likely to result in a significant reduction in competition as
Consequences of horizontal unilateral effects in the supply of the following types of equipment in Europe (including the United Kingdom (Europe)):
According to the CMA's final report, the remedies that would eliminate all overlapping operations of the two companies and accepted by the European Commission would not effectively address the CMA's concerns, so the planned merger between Cargotec and Konecranes could not be completed.
Completion of the planned merger requires approval from all relevant competition authorities, the companies said in a joint statement.
"As a result, Cargotec and Konecranes have decided today to cancel the planned merger," the director said.
Konecranes and Cargotec have the same origin. When the Finnish company KONE (KONE) underwent a large-scale reorganization in 1994, Konecranes was split into an independent company. In 2005, KONE was split into Cargotec and ( new) KONE two public companies. The merger will bring Konecranes back to the arms of Finland's wealthiest family, the Herlins, in a deal potentially worth up to 4.5 billion euros.
The two giants who share the same business are the leaders in the port machinery industry. If the two merge, they will have little impact on the market share in the field of quay cranes, but they will have a market share in tire cranes, automated tire cranes, and automated rail cranes. The rate will be in the leading position in the industry, the market share in the field of straddle carriers will reach almost 100%, and it will also become the world's first in the field of port handling equipment such as reach stackers and stackers.
Konecranes Chairman Christoph Vitzthum said: "As planned and announced on October 1, 2020, the combination of Konecranes and Cargotec will create a company that is greater than the sum of its parts.
"The merger control process was extensive and the investigation was thorough, and the Konecranes board is disappointed that the remedial package offered has not met all regulators' concerns.
“At the same time, we believe that further remedies are not in the best interests of Konecranes shareholders, as they would alter the strategic rationale of the transaction. Konecranes will continue to advance its strategy and pursue its value creation potential on an independent basis.
Ilkka Herlin, Chairman of Cargotec, commented: "The Board of Cargotec believes that the merger will create considerable value for the entire industry as well as shareholders by improving sustainable logistics. The merger will create a strong European company that will accelerate without compromising competition. Share innovation capabilities.
"We have done everything possible to achieve the merger and are disappointed to have to abandon our plans. After a long and extensive regulatory review process and preparation of the merger plan, it is time to shift our full focus to executing Cargotec's own strategy and creating value opportunity."
On March 29, 2022, the two companies announced that the CMA believes that the remedies will not address monopoly concerns and prevent the merger. Konecranes and Cargotec believe that there is no solution that simultaneously addresses the concerns of the CMA, is in the best interests of both companies and the combined company, and does not compromise the original intent of the merger, which requires approval from all relevant regulatory agencies. The company decided to cancel the merger plan. Both parties believe that the cancellation of the merger is in the best interests of their respective companies and shareholders, and will continue to operate independently and execute their own strategies. As of the end of 2021, Konecranes and Cargotec have included 56 million euros and 57 million euros in the related transaction and planning integration costs of the merger, respectively. The total transaction cost of 125 million euros is still valid. The two parties will follow up when appropriate. Report final transaction costs.
