Microplastics generally refer to plastic particles between 0.33 mm and 5 mm in size [1]. Microplastics can come from a variety of sources, including microbeads from personal care products; fibers from synthetic clothing; pre-manufactured granules and powders; and fragments that degrade from larger plastic products. These smaller plastic particles can be ingested by aquatic organisms. ACC's Plastics Division and its member companies work to better understand the potential role of microplastics in the marine environment.
Multiple studies have shown that microplastics in the marine environment can absorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Microplastics are small in size, but have a very large specific surface area, and have a strong ability to adsorb pollutants in the environment. Why is this?
Specific surface area refers to the total area possessed by a unit volume of material. Assuming that the microplastic is a cube, it is continuously cut, but the total volume remains unchanged. It can be found that the smaller the microplastic is cut, the larger the total contact area. The larger the contact area, the more adsorption sites, and the larger the adsorption capacity, so the microplastics have strong adsorption.
Why are microplastics bad?
We've known for years that microplastics are problematic, but a growing body of research continues to highlight just how much they affect the environment and our health. Microplastics are extremely persistent, which means it is nearly impossible to remove them from the environment in which they accumulate. Because of their persistence and the chemicals that make them up, research suggests they can be very harmful to the organisms they come into contact with, including causing reduced feeding, poisoning, and increased mortality. They also tend to facilitate the transfer of contaminants along the food chain, with potentially serious consequences for human health. Scientists warn that the situation is out of control. They found microplastics almost everywhere they looked: on mountains, in the ocean, in Arctic sea ice, and in our air, drinking water and bodies.
Where exactly do microplastics come from?
On the one hand, there is plastic waste, which is formed by physical, chemical and biological decomposition, which is secondary microplastics. Another major source is the friction particles such as polyethylene and polypropylene added in our daily use of toiletries, such as facial cleansers, toothpaste, and scrubs, which are primary microplastics. There may be more than 300,000 plastic microbeads in just one scrub. Microplastics eventually flow into the sea continuously. It is estimated that the amount of sediments on the seabed around the world has reached tens of millions of tons. It is imperative to control microplastics!
How to reduce microplastics?
Wastewater and drinking water treatment is very effective in removing microplastics. Research, albeit limited, has shown that they can remove more than 90 percent of microplastics.
But there is also a lot that individuals can do to reduce microplastics. Perhaps the most important step is to change the way we think and behave.
Modern lifestyles are full of single-use plastic items such as straws and cups. People think we use plastic cutlery for an average of three minutes at a time, but it remains in the environment for hundreds of years. Single-use plastics, including food packaging, are also one of the biggest contributors to plastic pollution.
Thinking about how plastic is made and what happens to it after it's used makes a difference.
"We need to ask ourselves if we really need to use certain types of plastic, like disposable forks," Alex said. "If we do, we need to question how we are responsible for it and how we can best handle it. It only takes a few seconds.
'An example of this is accidental littering. People might throw garbage into a full bin thinking they've done their part and the garbage collectors will take it from there, but all it takes is a gust of wind to blow it down and you've got Garbage everywhere. So while it may be well-intentioned, it is not a responsible disposal.
"Responsible disposal may be that you end up taking your rubbish home so you can properly recycle it. Every situation and individual is different.
International express (parcel), parcels sent by international express, and parcels delivered from China to the United States, Japan, South Korea, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and other countries can be called international parcels. International parcels need to be transported across borders, and any All cross-border transportation requires customs clearance, including export customs clearance and import customs clearance.
For example, if you send a package from China to the United States, you need to clear customs when you leave the country, and you need to be inspected, checked, and inspected by customs staff before the goods can be loaded onto an airplane or a ship at the dock. After the goods are loaded on the means of transportation, international transportation begins, and they are delivered to ports or airports in the United States. After arriving at a U.S. port or airport, it needs to be unloaded for customs clearance, and only after customs clearance can the terminal be transported.
That is to say, when we send international parcels, we must go through customs clearance, and we have to go through two customs clearances, one for the exporting country’s export clearance and the other for the destination country’s import clearance.
Does it have to be officially reported?
First of all, if the inbound and outbound goods of individuals exceed the prescribed limit, they should go through the return procedures or go through the customs clearance procedures in accordance with the regulations of the goods. However, if there is only one item in the parcel and it is inseparable, although it exceeds the specified limit, if it is indeed for personal use after the customs review, it can go through the customs clearance procedures according to the regulations on personal items. That is to say, express declaration can be made, and the express company can declare directly and quickly clear customs.
However, if the import and export of commercial mail, or the amount/quantity of products exceeding the reasonable range for self-use, should go through customs clearance procedures in accordance with the provisions of the goods.
1. International express customs clearance process
The normal international express customs clearance process is: customs declaration - goods inspection - customs duties - release. Under normal circumstances, imported goods are basically subject to customs duties and value-added tax. According to the customs code HS CODE, the tax point is How many.
2. What documents are required for customs clearance?
Customs clearance mainly requires three documents, one is the declaration document, which needs to provide various information of the item, including weight, quantity, value, material, use, etc. A commercial invoice is also required to prove the value of the goods. In addition, there are some special certification documents, live products, liquids, pure batteries, brand items, etc., all require certification documents.
3. What are the customs clearance methods?
The customs clearance methods include general trade customs clearance, express customs clearance, etc. Express delivery generally takes the express channel, unless the value or quantity is exceeded, it will be transferred to general trade.
General trade customs clearance is a traditional customs clearance mode with low customs clearance efficiency, but it is suitable for customs clearance of large-volume, high-value goods, and can enjoy export tax rebates.
Express customs clearance is also known as express customs declaration, express customs declaration. Express customs declaration refers to the way of submitting express quotations (KJ1, KJ2, KJ3 declarations, etc.) to the customs in the name of express companies, and customs clearance of goods in the form of express. The express customs clearance efficiency is relatively high, and the express company can directly help the shipper to solve various matters such as customs clearance and storage, but it is not suitable for the customs clearance operation of large quantities of goods.
In which case, what kind of goods are most suitable for import by express customs declaration (express customs declaration)?
1). Small bulk cargo, a small amount of samples and advertising materials, etc.;
2). Lack of various products from certain units (such as no 3C certification);
3). Urgent goods that are too late to go through the customs clearance procedures for trade;
4) Various products that want to save costs and do not need VAT tickets;
5). Items for personal use.
A bonded warehouse is a place used to store and process goods imported into new markets. Goods stored in bonded warehouses are not subject to customs duties (a type of tax). Any applicable customs duties shall be paid when the goods are transported to the next destination. Bonded warehouses can be owned by governments or private companies, helping to improve inventory and cash flow efficiency.
Using a bonded warehouse means that goods can be moved closer to their final destination, and payment of duties can be deferred until the product is moved.
The system provides significant benefits for commercial transactions across different jurisdictions. For organizations importing and exporting goods, bonded warehouses can be used to eliminate the need to pay customs duties, further increasing efficiency.
Why use a bonded warehouse?
Bonded warehouses can be an ideal option for importers and exporters of certain products for a number of reasons. These include:
Deferred payments for such products mean that no tax is due until the item is sold, which can greatly improve a business's cash flow. In many cases, this can be between 25% and 33% of the upfront cost of imported goods.
If the goods are set for export, there is no duty to be paid in the UK, but in the destination country. This means double spending will be avoided, resulting in further savings.
Goods can be imported and stored in bonded warehouses ahead of peak season, which means they can fulfill orders without delay.
Many times, bonded warehouses have specialized facilities, such as deep freezing vats for storing wine or spirits.
Entry and exit customs documents are usually provided by bonded warehouse facilities.
If you're not sure whether bonded storage is right for your business, here are three reasons why you should consider it.
1) Improve cash flow
Delaying payment of tariffs before purchasing goods can have a positive effect on cash flow. By storing your goods in a bonded warehouse, you only pay import duties when the goods enter the UK market, so if you have any difficulties moving your goods, you don't have to pay taxes in advance. You can't guarantee the sale will pay for itself. In bonded storage, all shipments are classified as suspended duty, which avoids prepayment of duty on products that may be in stock for several months.
2) If you export the goods, you do not need to pay import tax
If you're importing to exporting to a non-EU country, using a bonded warehouse is a breeze. Storing your goods in a bonded warehouse means you don't have to pay any import duties on exported products, saving you time and money. This means businesses can avoid paying tariffs twice, often saving around 25-30%.
It's also worth noting that if your goods need to be destroyed without selling, you won't have to pay import duty on them.
3) Port-centric logistics
Most bonded warehouses are located at or very close to ports (for example, John Good has a bonded warehouse in the Port of Felixstowe), which means you can store your goods at ports of entry and distribute them when needed. This lowers costs across the supply chain due to shorter lead times, lower potential for damage, significant savings in transportation costs and lower carbon emissions.
A bonded factory is a bonded area licensed by the person in charge of the customs to manufacture processing of foreign and domestic goods as raw materials. The bonded factory system is one of the main export support measures of the customs rebate system. Foreign goods brought into a bonded factory, manufactured and processed while retaining customs duties. Therefore, exports can be promoted by reducing the financial burden of enterprises and simplifying customs clearance procedures to improve the international competitiveness of export commodities.
Customs clearance procedures for bonded factory goods
1. Goods shipped to bonded factories
1.1 Import from abroad
When a bonded factory imports raw materials, it should prepare a raw material import application (B6) and go through customs declaration procedures in accordance with the procedures applicable to ordinary goods. If the customs deems it necessary, it may send customs personnel to the location of the bonded factory to inspect the imported raw materials.
1.2 Import from bonded area
1.2.1 For the bonded goods sold by enterprises in export processing zones, science and technology parks or other bonded factories to the bonded factories, the buyer and the seller shall jointly issue a declaration with necessary documents (B2, invoice, packing list) to declare to the customs goods. They can apply to customs on a monthly basis for permission to declare.
1.2.2 For the goods supplied by the bonded warehouse to the bonded factory, the owner or the manifest holder shall prepare the necessary documents (D7) to declare the goods to the customs, and the warehouse operator and the customs supervisor can confirm the mark and quantity according to the customs declaration or bill of lading After that, it will be shipped from the warehouse.
1.2.3 For the goods sold from the self-provided bonded warehouse to the bonded factory, the buyer and the seller shall jointly prepare a customs declaration form (D7), attaching the documents required for the goods to be declared at the customs. Only after confirming the identification and quantity with the customs clearance or bill of lading, the goods can be shipped from the warehouse. They can apply to customs on a monthly basis for permission to declare.
1.2.4 For the goods provided by the logistics center to the bonded factory, the factory and the center shall jointly prepare a declaration form (D7) and attach the necessary documents, and the center shall declare the goods to the customs electronically. After customs clearance, the goods can be delivered. They can apply to customs on a monthly basis for permission to declare.
1.3 Imports from taxable areas
The processing raw materials sold by domestic suppliers to bonded factories need to be deducted or refunded for import duties and taxes. When the raw materials enter the bonded factory, the buyer and seller should prepare and sign the application form for import and export of raw materials (B1) together, together with the invoice, packing Form, etc., and report to the competent customs for approval. Raw materials are allowed to enter the factory and be recorded. The competent customs shall, within 20 days from the date of approving the application, approve and issue a duplicate application to domestic suppliers as export goods as evidence for applying for tax refund and tax credit.
2 .Goods shipped from bonded factories
2.1 Courtiers bound for abroad
When a bonded factory exports products, it should prepare a product export application form (B9), and indicate the page number and reference number of the relevant "Detailed Table of Raw Material Usage per Unit" in it. "With the approval of the supervisory customs, (when the customs at the export port deems it necessary, the bonded factory may be required to provide a copy of the approved list of raw material usage per unit product") or the reference number of the relevant application submitted or received to the supervisory customs, if the annex Awaiting approval and filing with customs at the port of export for customs clearance in accordance with the procedures applicable to the export of general goods.
2.2 When the bonded goods are sold to enterprises in science and technology parks or export enterprises in export processing zones or other bonded factories for further processing and export, the bonded factory that sells the goods and the buyer shall jointly prepare an application (B2) for the import and export of such bonded goods, together with Invoices, packing lists, approval documents issued by the competent department of the bonded area and other related documents shall be filed with the supervising customs or the local customs branch for customs clearance at the seller's office.
2.3 Driving to the taxable area
2.3.1 For further processing and export to export processing plants eligible for credit recording of import duties and taxes payable:
The buyer and the seller should jointly prepare an export/import application (G2) for the deep-processed products processed and sold in the bonded factory, export to the export processing factory that meets the taxable amount for record, and file with the relevant documents such as invoices, packing lists, etc., at the bonded factory. Before leaving the factory, go through import duties, credit purchase tax and release procedures with the supervision customs. Bonded factories can submit monthly reports. Import duties and taxes on credit purchases for the above-mentioned export processing plants shall be handled in accordance with the "Administrative Measures for Import Duties and Tax Credits or Refunds of Raw Materials Used in Exported Products",
2.3.2 For products sold to domestic companies:
In principle, the products of bonded factories are exported. If domestic sales are required, an application shall be made to the competent customs for approval. If the products processed by the bonded factory are approved to be sold domestically, the bonded factory alone or jointly with the buyer prepares an application for "import of foreign goods" (G2); and when the above application is submitted, the customs supervision will supplement and verify the import tariff according to the form and state of the product when it leaves the factory. The product may not be released until the factory.
Enterprises purchasing the products for domestic sale may apply to the supervisory customs to choose one of the following methods to calculate and collect the import tariffs of the products. Once selected, they cannot be changed within one year, but more than 50% of the materials used for assembly tile-shaped intermediate products are manufactured for domestic sales. product, the import duty of the product shall be levied at the rate applicable to the dutiable value of the product.
A customs warehouse is a warehouse where goods are stored under customs supervision and security. They are stored in designated places and are not subject to import duties and taxes until they are designated a final regime.
The type of entry into the customs warehouse mainly depends on the final destination of the goods and the commercial needs of the importer
Types of customs warehouses
There are basically five types of customs bonded warehouses:
Private warehouse
This type of warehouse is owned and operated by the company in which its imported or manufactured goods are stored. Goods from the port are received here and then distributed, for example, to various stores in the retail chain.
Public warehouse
Here, everyone can store their goods for import, export, manufacturing and distribution. Businesses use these facilities to address their short-term distribution needs. When there is no more space in the retailer's warehouse, excess goods can be stored in public warehouses.
Automated warehouse
Many warehouses have been modernized thanks to advances in computer and robotics. They use the latest technology to operate faster and more efficiently. The level of mechanization can range from small conveyors that move goods from one area to another to fully automated warehouses. Automation reduces labor and operating costs. It also simplifies functionality, making warehouses run faster, smoother, and generally have fewer bugs.
Temperature controlled warehouse
Many products require special handling; these include products such as computer equipment, sensitive electronic parts, frozen foods, produce, and flowers. To keep these shipments in ideal condition, make sure your warehouse offers air-conditioned and humidity-controlled space within your specifications.
Distribution center
This type of warehouse helps distribution companies receive products from various suppliers and then ship them to their customers. The point here is not storage, but reorganization and movement. Goods entering a distribution center can be broken down, aggregated or reprocessed, ready to be shipped to a store or customer.
Advantages of customs warehouse
As a major benefit, we highlight the advantage of being able to store goods without paying import duties and taxes until a final regime is specified for their transport.
Also comment on the improvement in the quality of customer service as it makes it easier for the company to get inventory and you will enjoy greater lead time efficiency.
On the other hand, another advantage to consider is cost savings for the company.
Configuration files and operations of customs warehouse:
Custodian: is the person in charge who is authorized to manage deposits.
Depositor: A person who is bound by a statement incorporated into the system, or who has been assigned the rights and obligations of the previous system.
Representative: Represents any of the above (the depositor or depositor) and provides statements related to the deposit.
Customs Control: Customs control of the warehouse in question depends on it.
Inventory accounting: A set of records for operations on stored goods: entry, exit...
Transfer between warehouses: The transfer between two commodity warehouses related to the system.
Declaration/Information: A communication from the depositor, custodian or representative, where appropriate, to the relevant customs office.
Bonded supervision place is one of the important forms of customs bonded system. There are several common modes of bonded warehouse, export supervision warehouse, bonded factory and bonded logistics center. With so many similar concepts, can you tell them apart? Today, TJ chinafreight will introduce these concepts and related tax refund policies to you.
Bonded warehouse
A bonded warehouse is a place used to store and process goods imported into new markets. Goods stored in bonded warehouses are not subject to customs duties (a type of tax). Any applicable customs duties shall be paid when the goods are transported to the next destination. Bonded warehouses can be owned by governments or private companies, helping to improve inventory and cash flow efficiency. Using a bonded warehouse means that goods can be moved closer to their final destination, and payment of duties can be deferred until the product is moved. The system provides significant benefits for commercial transactions across different jurisdictions. For organizations importing and exporting goods, bonded warehouses can be used to eliminate the need to pay customs duties, further increasing efficiency. The purpose and structure of a bonded warehouse varies from country to country.
Bonded Factory
A bonded factory is a factory or enterprise that has been approved by the customs and specialized in processing and manufacturing re-exported products with bonded imported materials. The materials and parts imported by the bonded factories for the production of export products are customs bonded goods, and the customs will fully bond them. After the processed and manufactured finished products are exported, the imported materials and parts will be exempted from import duties, import value-added tax and consumption tax according to the actual consumption.
Export supervision warehouse
The export supervision warehouse refers to the special customs supervision warehouse that stores goods that have gone through customs export formalities, carries out bonded logistics and distribution, and provides marketable value-added services. Including the export distribution warehouse (storing the actual exit of the export) and the internal transfer warehouse (storing the export and internal transfer).
Bonded warehouse refers to a warehouse dedicated to storing bonded goods and other goods that have not gone through customs formalities. Including public bonded warehouses, self-use bonded warehouses and special bonded warehouses (such as liquid dangerous goods bonded warehouses, material bonded warehouses, agency sales bonded warehouses, etc.).
Inbound and outbound cargo management between the logistics center and overseas. For goods entering and leaving between the logistics center and overseas, the customs in charge of the logistics center shall implement record entry and exit management. Goods entering the logistics center from abroad upon approval by the customs shall be bonded, office supplies, transportation, transportation tools, consumer goods, etc. for self-use imported from abroad, as well as imported machinery, loading and unloading equipment, management Equipment, etc., go through relevant procedures in accordance with the relevant regulations and tax policies of imported goods. When the goods stored in the bonded logistics center leave the logistics center and are finally exported to overseas, the customs shall implement the record management.
Management of incoming and outgoing goods between the logistics center and areas outside the domestic bonded supervision area. The goods entering the logistics center are deemed to be imported, and the import declaration procedures shall be handled according to the actual trade mode and actual status of the goods; the goods entering the logistics center from the territory are deemed to be exported, and the domestic consignor shall go through the export declaration procedures, and can enjoy the refund of export goods (exemption). tax policy.
The Maritime Safety Administration of the People's Republic of China recently issued an announcement that from March 30 to April 10, 2022, many sea areas such as the northern Yellow Sea, South China Sea, and Beibu Gulf of the Bohai Strait will be banned for military missions. It may have a certain impact on the shipping schedule of some ports, and the ships will open late and arrive late. Please be prepared for the cargo owner and forwarder.
1. Liaohang Police 34/22, performing military missions in the northern part of the Yellow Sea, Bohai Strait
According to the Dalian Maritime Safety Administration: The northern part of the Yellow Sea in the Bohai Strait will be held at 1600 on March 27 to 1600 on April 10
1) 38-51.7N 121-38.2E;
2) 38-34.2N 121-38.2E;
3) 38-33.9N 121-07.9E;
4) 38-48.2N 121-14.1E
Perform military tasks within the range of the points. No entry.
2. Guangdong Aviation Police 30/22, military exercise in the waters near Shanwei in the South China Sea
According to the Guangdong Maritime Safety Administration: In the South China Sea, from 0800 on March 30 to 1800 on March 31, military exercises will be held in the sea area connected by the following four points:
(1) 22-40-00N 115-17-18E,
(2) 22-40-00N 115-23-18E,
(3) 22-34.00N 115-23-18E,
(4) 22-34.00N 115-17-18E.
Vessels are prohibited from entering.
3. Qionghang Police 0038/22, South China Sea Military Exercise
According to Hainan Maritime Safety Administration: South China Sea, from 0700 on March 30, 2022 to 1900 on April 1, at 19-23.10N 110-52.40E, 19-23.10N 110-56.52E, 19-19.67N 110-52.40 Military training is carried out in the water area connecting the points of E and 19-19.67N 110-56.52E, and it is forbidden to enter.
4. Qionghang Police 0036/22, Beibu Gulf live ammunition training
According to Hainan Maritime Safety Administration: Beibu Gulf, from 0700 on March 30th to 1800 on April 1st, will be at 19-48.00N/108-40.00E, 19-48.00N/108-46.00E, 19-42.00N/108 - 46.00E and 19-42.00N/108-40.00E points to connect the water area for live fire training. No entry.
5. Qionghang Police 34/22, Military Training in the South China Sea
According to Hainan Maritime Safety Administration: South China Sea, from 0730 on March 25, 2022 to 1800 on April 7 at 18-15.0N 110-10.0E, 18-15.0N 110-30.0E, 18-05.0N 110-30.0E Military training is carried out within the water area connecting the points of 18-05.0N 110-10.0E, and it is forbidden to enter.
6. Qionghang Police 33/22, Military Training in the South China Sea
According to Hainan Maritime Safety Administration: South China Sea, from 0900 on March 19, 2022 to 1800 on April 9 at 17-32.0N 108-16.0E, 17-32.0N 109-22.0E, 17-02.0N 109-22.0E , 17-02.0N 108-30.0E and 17-22.0N 108-16.0E military training is carried out within the waters connecting the points, and it is forbidden to enter.
I would like to remind that ships have passed through the above sea areas recently, which may cause some port ships to arrive late and sail later, and the sailing schedule may be delayed. To keep abreast of relevant information, please each owner and forwarder understand each other.
On January 1, 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) came into effect, marking the official launch of a free trade zone with the largest population, largest economic and trade scale, and great development potential in the world. It is worth noting that RCEP brings the two major economies of China and Japan into the same free trade framework for the first time, which will greatly promote the development of trade in goods between the two countries and affect the layout of industries and supply chains.
For cross-border e-commerce going overseas, the official entry into force of RCEP has further opened up the Japanese e-commerce market and pushed it into a new stage of development. However, the Japanese e-commerce market has limitations, and under the background of RCEP, my country's cross-border e-commerce will face a series of challenges such as customs, taxation, and personal information protection. solved problem.
Potential compliance risks of cross-border e-commerce going to Japan
Tax risk
The target markets of cross-border e-commerce companies going overseas include mature markets such as Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, as well as developing markets such as Southeast Asia. The tax systems of different countries are different, and they are constantly being updated and improved, which is different from the clear tax policy in China. Enterprises may lack understanding of the tax policy of the export destination, or there may be deviations in their understanding, which poses tax compliance challenges for cross-border e-commerce enterprises going overseas. In the process of cross-border e-commerce enterprises going overseas, tax compliance optimization is one of the things that cannot be avoided and need to be solved urgently.
From April 2020, the Japanese Customs announced that it will start to implement the reverse calculation method to levy tariffs on goods exported to Japan, which is usually called the "inverse algorithm". , not according to the amount declared by the importer, but the selling price through the seller's sales link, minus the various costs of the platform, and the import declaration price is verified by the Japanese customs. When the judgment is correct, the customer has the right to request the customer to revise the declared amount according to the reverse algorithm to pay tax. The original intention of adopting the inverse algorithm is to repair the existing tax loopholes, and its essence is to adjust the time node and verification method of tax collection.
In order to evade the inverse algorithm, some companies have adopted some illegal means, such as increasing the link price after customs clearance, and using other people's links to ship products on their behalf. However, the Japanese customs has a very high level of inspection of goods. If a false declaration is found by the customs, in addition to the conventional tax payment and delay in customs clearance, it will also increase the storage fee for the backlog of goods at the customs, resulting in longer logistics time for goods transportation. , bringing a burden to logistics costs, which in turn affects sales and reputation. Tax compliance is the general trend. Enterprises should abide by relevant overseas laws and regulations, abide by platform policies, and operate in compliance.
Customs clearance risk
Cross-border e-commerce has the advantages of online marketing, online transactions, and contactless delivery. Transaction information can cross the border through the Internet, but the physical goods that need to be delivered need to be inspected and supervised by the customs during transportation. If the goods are in violation of regulations, they cannot be Passed customs inspection smoothly. The customs clearance risks faced by cross-border e-commerce companies in export trade mainly come from the customs regulations of the buyer's location. On the other hand, it may be out of the seller's luck that they take risks in order to obtain profits, make false reports, and fail to report the information of export commodities truthfully, resulting in a series of complex customs clearance risks.\
Information Protection Risk
The protection of online personal information in the RCEP e-commerce rules mainly relies on the domestic legal framework of the contracting parties. In fact, there are differences in the personal information protection policies of RCEP parties, as well as differences in the handling of personal sensitive information and non-personal sensitive information. Cross-border e-commerce companies may collect excessive information without understanding local regulations or Improper handling of information, thereby causing cross-border e-commerce companies to have the risk of violations when collecting and using data containing personal information. Japan attaches great importance to the protection of personal information. As early as 2003, the Japanese National Assembly passed the "Personal Information Protection Law". Regardless of whether the personal information processor is a domestic company or a foreign company, as long as the personal information is obtained when providing goods or services, it will be Subject to Japan's "Personal Information Protection Law", those who violate the law will face severe penalties.
RCEP has a wide range of content and detailed terms, and at the same time pays great attention to consumer rights, data security and personal information security. In addition, Japan's strict supervision of customs, taxation and personal information poses challenges to the compliant operation of cross-border e-commerce enterprises in my country. my country and Japan are very different in terms of economy, cultural customs, etc., and the compliance risk of overseas enterprises has suddenly increased. It is suggested that cross-border e-commerce enterprises should speed up their transformation, explore localized business models, speed up the layout of overseas warehouses, improve their awareness of risk prevention, and formulate targeted compliance business strategies, so as to seize the opportunities brought by RCEP and promote the health of cross-border e-commerce. developing.
The marine sector has grown by leaps and bounds over the past few decades, and ports and port facilities are needed to meet these growing demands.
This is why each country's shipping authority is focused on ensuring that its shipping ports are adequate for the needs of industry operators and drivers.
However, even as each country focuses on improving its port infrastructure, there are some global leaders with seaports - bigger and busier than all others.
Interestingly, the busiest port facilities are located in Asia due to the continent's geographic location on important maritime trade routes linking ports in Europe and the Middle East.
Details of the 10 busiest ports in the world are listed below, each with their own uniqueness.
NO.1 Ningbo Zhoushan Port
port of ningbo zhoushan, China
Ningbo Zhoushan Port is the port of Ningbo City and Zhoushan City in Zhejiang Province, China. It is located in the middle of the coastline of mainland China and the south wing of the "Yangtze River Economic Belt". It is an important iron ore transfer base, crude oil transfer base, liquid chemical storage and transportation base in China and an important coal and grain storage and transportation base in East China.
NO.2 Shanghai Port
Yang shan harbor of shanghai, China
Shanghai Port is a port in Shanghai, China. It is located in the middle of the coastline of mainland China and at the mouth of the Yangtze River. It connects the north and south coasts of China and the world's oceans, and then runs through the Yangtze River Basin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Taihu Lake Basins. Shanghai Port has established container cargo trade with more than 500 ports in 214 countries and regions around the world, and has more than 80 international routes.
In 2020, the port's annual cargo throughput exceeded 43.5 million TEUs, making it the busiest container facility in the world.
It mainly handles bulk cargo transportation of coal, metal ores, petroleum and its derivatives, steel, machinery and construction equipment.
The port consists of 125 terminals and 19 terminal facilities capable of accommodating the world's largest ships and carriers. In addition to the 5 main port areas, the port also has a cruise ship terminal with an annual throughput of more than 1 million passengers. More than a quarter of China's trade is handled at the port of Shanghai.
NO.3 Tangshan Port
Tangshan Port is located on the southeast coast of Tangshan City, Hebei Province. It is an important regional port along the coast of my country and an important part of the specialized transportation system for bulk materials such as energy and raw materials. Tangshan Port is adjacent to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Caofeidian is 400 nautical miles from Incheon, South Korea, 680 nautical miles from Nagasaki, Japan, and 935 nautical miles from Kobe. The shipping routes to ore exporting countries such as Australia, Brazil, Peru, South Africa, and India are also very smooth.
In the past ten years, the planned coastline of Tangshan Port has increased from 32.5 kilometers to 65.5 kilometers, the planned dock coastline has increased from 90.1 kilometers to 190.3 kilometers, and the number of berths that can be planned and arranged has increased from 344 to 602, forming the "one port, three" in the whole port. District” and the planning and layout of dislocation development.
NO.4 Port of Qingdao
Like many famous seaports in China, Qingdao Port has a long history - since 1892, it has connected the Bohai Rim and Yangtze River Delta regions with the rest of the world. Qingdao offers direct flights to more than 180 countries and 700 ports.
Qingdao Port includes Qingdao Old Port, Huangdao Oil Port and Qianwan New Port
In 1984, three U.S. Navy ships docked in Qingdao, the first time the U.S. docked at a Chinese port in 37 years.
NO.5 Guangzhou Port
Known as the "Maritime Silk Road", Guangzhou Port has a coastline of nearly 250 miles and is an important shipping hub in South China. Located in the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou is connected to more than 100 ports in China and more than 350 ports around the world.
In recent years, Guangzhou Port has benchmarked against world-class container hub ports, and has taken various measures to promote the development of containers to a new level, consolidating and improving the energy level of Guangzhou Port as an international container hub. In 2021, Guangzhou Port will complete a total cargo throughput of 623.67 million tons, an increase of 1.8%.
NO.6 Port of Singapore
The Port of Singapore is located on the southern coast of Singapore, with the southeastern side of the Malacca Strait in the west and the northern side of the Singapore Strait in the south. It is one of the largest container ports in the world. The port is the main shipping route between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and its strategic position is very important. It has been an international trade port since the 13th century and has developed into an internationally renowned entrepot. The Port of Singapore is also the country's political, economic, cultural and transportation center.
The Port of Singapore has superior natural conditions, spacious waters, and little impact from storms. The administrative area is 5.38 million square meters. The water depth is suitable. Ships with a draft of about 13m can smoothly enter the port and berth. The port equipment is advanced and complete, and computerized information is used. The system also seeks to simplify and facilitate user procedures.
NO.7 Suzhou Port
Suzhou Port, located in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, is located in the throat area of the mouth of the Yangtze River, starting from Changshan Mountain in the west (the junction of Zhangjiagang and Jiangyin), and east to the south of Liuhekou (the junction of Taicang and Shanghai). The southeast is close to Shanghai, and the southwest is the economically developed Jiangsu, Xi and Chang areas. It is an emerging port built by the combination of Zhangjiagang Port, Changshu Port and Taicang Port, the former national first-class open ports in China. The original three ports correspondingly become Suzhou Port Zhangjiagang Port Area, Changshu Port Area and Taicang Port Area.
In 1968, Zhangjiagang Port Area was established; in 1992, Taicang Port Area was developed and constructed; in August of the same year, Changshu Port Area started construction; in 2002, the original Zhangjiagang Port, Changshu Port and Taicang Port were combined to form Suzhou Port.
NO.8 Port Hedland
Port Hedland, a port on the Indian Ocean coast in the northwest of Western Australia, Australia. Australian iron ore export port. Located on the northwest coast of Western Australia, east of the port town, facing the southern Indian Ocean to the north, 133 nautical miles from Dampier to the west, 258 nautical miles from Broome Port in the northeast, 812 nautical miles from Wyndham Port, 917 nautical miles from Darwin Port, and north of Lombok The strait is 706 nautical miles and has a population of 15,000.
Just this February, Australia's Western Australian state government approved a development plan to allow Port Hedland, the operator, to export 660 million tonnes of iron ore a year, enabling port backers to invest in onshore infrastructure upgrades and advance their investment and development. growth strategy.
NO.9 Rizhao Port
Rizhao Port is located in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China. It faces the Yellow Sea in the east, Qingdao Port in the north, Lianyungang Port in the south, and faces Japan, South Korea and North Korea across the sea. It is one of the 20 major coastal hub ports developed by China. In 1978, the Shandong Provincial People's Government planned and surveyed the port selection of Rizhao Port. In 1982, the Rizhao Port officially started construction; in 1986, the Rizhao Port opened for operation.
There are 58 productive berths in Rizhao Port, with an annual throughput of over 300 million. There are two major port areas, Shijiu and Lanshan. As of 2010, Rizhao Port has 38 40-ton, 25-ton, 16-ton and 10-ton gantry cranes, 7 high-horsepower diesel locomotives, 2 imported alumina special ship unloaders, tire cranes, excavators and other Heavy, transport and other equipment
NO.10 Tianjin Port
Shot in Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Port is an important port facility and an important logistics and shipping center in North China. It is located on the west coast of Bohai Bay and is also the maritime gateway to Beijing. It is the largest artificial port facility in China and the ninth busiest port in the world. It handled more than 18.35 million TEUs in 2020 and has trade links with more than 600 ports in 190 countries, with more than 120 container routes.
Tianjin Port covers an area of more than 120 square kilometers, with a wharf of 34 kilometers long and has more than 170 berths for cargo ships. It has 2 passenger terminals and 9 port areas, among which the 3 port areas of Beijiang, Nanjiang and Dongjiang undertake most of the trade business. It also has six main and two temporary anchor areas.
As China is an important central node of the global industrial chain, with a large economy and developed industrial manufacturing, and thanks to the effective prevention and control of the epidemic, manufacturing and residents' lives are generally running smoothly. Compared with foreign ports, major ports generally have better performance. High cargo throughput levels.
According to a final report by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) on March 29, the remedy - which would eliminate all overlapping operations of the two companies and be accepted by the European Commission (EC) - will not effectively address the Cargotec & Konecranes board of directors The CMA's concerns and the planned merger between Konecranes and Cargotec could not be completed, the statement wrote. Previously, the merger plan has been approved by China's State Administration for Market Regulation and nine other major regulators, as well as conditional approval from the European Union.
The CMA found that "the expected merger between Cargotec Corporation and Konecranes Plc is likely to result in a significant reduction in competition as
Consequences of horizontal unilateral effects in the supply of the following types of equipment in Europe (including the United Kingdom (Europe)):
According to the CMA's final report, the remedies that would eliminate all overlapping operations of the two companies and accepted by the European Commission would not effectively address the CMA's concerns, so the planned merger between Cargotec and Konecranes could not be completed.
Completion of the planned merger requires approval from all relevant competition authorities, the companies said in a joint statement.
"As a result, Cargotec and Konecranes have decided today to cancel the planned merger," the director said.
Konecranes and Cargotec have the same origin. When the Finnish company KONE (KONE) underwent a large-scale reorganization in 1994, Konecranes was split into an independent company. In 2005, KONE was split into Cargotec and ( new) KONE two public companies. The merger will bring Konecranes back to the arms of Finland's wealthiest family, the Herlins, in a deal potentially worth up to 4.5 billion euros.
The two giants who share the same business are the leaders in the port machinery industry. If the two merge, they will have little impact on the market share in the field of quay cranes, but they will have a market share in tire cranes, automated tire cranes, and automated rail cranes. The rate will be in the leading position in the industry, the market share in the field of straddle carriers will reach almost 100%, and it will also become the world's first in the field of port handling equipment such as reach stackers and stackers.
Konecranes Chairman Christoph Vitzthum said: "As planned and announced on October 1, 2020, the combination of Konecranes and Cargotec will create a company that is greater than the sum of its parts.
"The merger control process was extensive and the investigation was thorough, and the Konecranes board is disappointed that the remedial package offered has not met all regulators' concerns.
“At the same time, we believe that further remedies are not in the best interests of Konecranes shareholders, as they would alter the strategic rationale of the transaction. Konecranes will continue to advance its strategy and pursue its value creation potential on an independent basis.
Ilkka Herlin, Chairman of Cargotec, commented: "The Board of Cargotec believes that the merger will create considerable value for the entire industry as well as shareholders by improving sustainable logistics. The merger will create a strong European company that will accelerate without compromising competition. Share innovation capabilities.
"We have done everything possible to achieve the merger and are disappointed to have to abandon our plans. After a long and extensive regulatory review process and preparation of the merger plan, it is time to shift our full focus to executing Cargotec's own strategy and creating value opportunity."
On March 29, 2022, the two companies announced that the CMA believes that the remedies will not address monopoly concerns and prevent the merger. Konecranes and Cargotec believe that there is no solution that simultaneously addresses the concerns of the CMA, is in the best interests of both companies and the combined company, and does not compromise the original intent of the merger, which requires approval from all relevant regulatory agencies. The company decided to cancel the merger plan. Both parties believe that the cancellation of the merger is in the best interests of their respective companies and shareholders, and will continue to operate independently and execute their own strategies. As of the end of 2021, Konecranes and Cargotec have included 56 million euros and 57 million euros in the related transaction and planning integration costs of the merger, respectively. The total transaction cost of 125 million euros is still valid. The two parties will follow up when appropriate. Report final transaction costs.
