Anti-dumping duties have to be levied on foreign businesses that sell products at a price below the manufacturing price.

They help address the situation thus creating a level playing field in the market for the said products.

This guide helps address all the questions you have on anti-dumping activities:

What is Anti-Dumping Duty?

Anti-Dumping duty is a protectionist tariff a nation applies on imports from abroad the government thinks are fixed at a price way below the fair market value.

This duty mainly protects the local industries from the consequences of unfair price reductions by foreign exporters.

It can only be imposed when and if it causes some serious threats to domestic industries.

As such, it has to be imposed with utmost care.

It can be from 0% to 550% of the value of goods as shown in the invoice.

Which Countries Impose Anti-Dumping Duties?

Nations that are member states of the World Trade Organization can impose Anti-dumping duties.

Some of these nations are:

• China
• USA
• India
• UK
• Finland
• Japan
• All nations that are WTO member states.

Who Pays Anti-Dumping Duty?

Anti-Dumping duty is paid by the company importing goods at a lower than the typical/normal value of goods price in the export nation.

Since they are responsible for unfair trade practices, the company has to correct their actions by paying the anti-dumping duty.

What is an Example of Dumping?

An example of dumping is where China is dumping silk and satin into the Indian market.

India is China’s largest market for satin and silk, even though India is also a large manufacturer of silk.

The Indian silk producers are being affected by the dumping of silk and satin in their market.

They claim that they cannot compete with Chinese silk because it is sold at a very low price.

What Parameters are used to Assess Dumping of Goods?

There are two main fundamental parameters used to assess dumping of goods.

You have to ensure that you compare the two parameters at one trade level overall at ex-factory level for dumping examination.

i. Normal Value

This value represents the product price in the typical trade course when it is intended for use in the market of the exporting country.

ii. Export Price

It is the value established for the export services and products the seller/exporter wants to trade in the overseas market.

What are some Anti-Dumping Duty examples?

In America, the ITC (International Trade Commission) is tasked with imposing anti-dumping duties which are often from the Commerce Department’s recommendation.

In 1991, there was a dumping case involving Flat Panel Display Screens manufactured by Japanese Companies.

Due to an established dumping incident, the American government had to impose a 62.5% anti-dumping duty on all FPD screens sourced from Japan.

Investigations were done and the Commerce department established that indeed the foreign companies had dumped FPD screens in the domestic American market.

A further independent investigation by ITC showed that Japanese companies’ dumping actions were causing serious damages to the American companies.

In 2015, big American steel production companies filed another complaint with the American Commerce Department.

They were stating that Chinese companies were unfairly competing with American steel production companies in the US.

They stated that there was unfair competition and this was due to the large imports of steel from China.

China was selling their imports at unfairly low prices.

After investigations by ITC, steel production companies in China were found to have dumped steel products causing serious effects to the American steel companies.

As a result, ITC placed a 500% import duty on some Chinese steel imports mainly to allow the domestic steel industry to operate on a level playing field.

What is the difference between Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duty?

Both Anti-dumping and countervailing duty are meant to offset the value of dumping.

Thus leveling the playing field for domestic industries affected by unfairly traded imports.

Still, they share some differences.

Countervailing duties are developed when the government of a foreign nation gives subsidies and support to the domestic exporting manufacturers.

That is, like tax break allowing foreign exporter to sell their products at a price below the domestic businesses.

Anti-dumping duty, on the other hand, helps to remedy the effects of dumping.

As such, while countervailing duties are determined at a country-specific level, anti-dumping duties are determined at a company-specific level.

In general, anti-dumping duties are meant to prevent threatening import pricing while countervailing duties are used to counter the effect of foreign subsidies on imports.

How do you Determine if your Product is Impacted by Anti-Dumping Duty?

To determine if your product is impacted by anti-dumping duty, you need to look for its duty rating.

Often, most of the anti-dumping ratings come with caveats.

For instance, there is an anti-dumping duty on a good if it is imported from a particular place.

You need to open up a trade tariff and look up the product codes, VAT rates and duty.

Check the correct place under which your goods are classified and further specify the type of product you’re importing.

You then click your product and import. Click to the country you are importing to and determine if they have any anti-dumping duties.

Who regulates Anti-Dumping Measures?

WTO aids in the regulation of Anti-dumping measures. It regulates how domestic leaders respond to cases of dumping in their territories.

Countries that are members of the WTO have to adhere to the WTO free-market principle.

When some governments respond negatively to international businesses partaking in dumping through bringing in anti-dumping duties on foreign goods meant to punish.

WTO must give a go ahead of whether a nation has violated the free-market principle or their actions are genuine.

Based on the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, dumping is legal not unless it negatively affects the importing country’s domestic market.

Once a country establishes that it has a genuine case of dumping, WTO allows its government to apply legal action on the dumping nation.

Among the things that the government has to show are costs of dumping (extent of dumping), establish that dumping took place, and the threat/injury causing the damage on the domestic market.

Note: WTO does not regulate the businesses undertaking dumping.

How do you Calculate Anti-Dumping duty?

When calculating the Anti-Dumping Duty, domestic nations have to act in ways that honors the DATT 1994 principle and is non-discriminative of the trading partners.

According to GATT 1994 principle, we should not levy internal taxes on goods that are imported more than the costs levied on domestic goods.

Secondly, imported goods just like domestic goods have to be treated in the same way under a local nation’s regulations and laws.

GATT also enables governments to apply a duty on foreign imports.

That is in the event that the latter goes beyond the bound rates hence threatening to trigger injury to the local market.

Anti-dumping duties are often calculated at a company-specific level.

In this case, the actual duty amount covers the margin gap between foreign manufacturer fair market value and pricing.

The calculation of the anti-dumping duty takes place through the following ways:

i. Calculation from the product’s normal price

ii. Calculation using a value charged on one product but in a different nation

iii. Calculation of the anti-dumping duty from the total product expenses, profit margins and costs, of the manufacturers.

How do you Determine if your Shipment has been Dumped Lightly or Heavily?

You can determine if your shipment has been dumped lightly or heavily by calculating the normal value of products.

Three methods to calculate the normal value are:

• A calculation is based on the price in the exporter’s domestic market.
• A calculation based on a price charged by the exporter in a foreign country
• A calculation based on a combination of the exporter’s production expenses, costs, normal profit margins and costs.

One can also make an excellent comparison between the normal price and export price.

What are the General Anti-Dumping Duty Rates?

The general Anti-Dumping Duty ranges from 0% – 550% of the value of goods as shown on the invoice.

One often ends up paying a lot as part of the anti-dumping rates.

They cover the amount on their invoice as well as the amount stipulated by the governing body.

How do you Pay Anti-Dumping Duties?

You have to pay anti-dumping duties for any import once it enters a domestic nation.

However, special rules apply in some cases:

i. Duty Suspension Schemes

Free circulation of goods in the domestic market is deferred when a person places the goods under:

• Inward processing
• Customs warehousing
• Other available duty relief procedures that could benefit traders.

ii. Registration

If customs officers suspect that some goods should be subject to anti-dumping duty and require further registration, they register the goods before they are released by customs.

Traders can later pay additional duties if there is confirmation that the goods in question were actually dumped.

When do you Pay Anti-Dumping Duties?

You pay anti-dumping duties when an international company sells a product at a lower price than it is produced.

The exporting/foreign company will pay the set amount to the customs to cover for the impact of their unfair trade practices.

Why is Dumping Illegal According to WTO?

According to WTO, dumping is legal unless an exporting company from a foreign nation is causing negative effects on the domestic producers.

At this point, it is considered illegal and should be stopped.

Dumping causes damage in the development of a domestic market industry.

The domestic market suffers serious losses as they are unable to fairly compete with the foreign company products.

What is the Anti-Dumping Agreement?

The Anti-Dumping Agreement is the accord outlining the application of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994.

This application presents well-outlined rules and regulations.

They show the way and foundation for which WTO member countries can act to address the threatening/injuries dumping of goods from a foreign member nation.

There are rules that enable member countries to act against dumping so as to protect their local industries.

For instance, in America, the U.S. International Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce are tasked with the role of conducting investigations.

In the UK, the EU Commission often conducts investigations after receiving a complaint from the EU industry.

What is Zeroing in Anti-dumping?

It is a methodology utilized by the US to calculate anti-dumping rates.

Zeroing is not applicable where export prices are under the normal value for every transaction.

Look at the below example to understand how zeroing works:

A European Union firm handles three sales on its local market together with 3 export sales to the United States over an investigation.

You then compare the two sales to determine a dumping margin.

EU market, US market and dumping

1. $100 $90 $10
2. $100 $110 -$10
3. $100 $100 $

Looking at the above example and taking into consideration all these three sales, there is no dumping under the rules of the World Trade Organization.

The average home market price is $100 and it is similar to the average export price of $100. EU practice is similar to the rules of the WTO body.

When applying zeroing, America does a comparison of the price of the product on the European Union market versus that of the product in the United States market.

However, it overlooks through staying at zero every transaction the product’s price in the European Union market.

Which is typically smaller than the product’s price in the American market.

Zeroing increase the amount of duty collected and the dumping margin.

What is the Impact of Zeroing on Anti-Dumping Duty?

This methodology often increases significantly the exporters dumping margin hence the total value of anti-dumping duty the exporter is to pay.

America often uses zeroing as its duty collection system.

Once products get to America, the importer is not required to settle the duty immediately.

The customs holds the duty on deposit waiting a duty assessment at another date.

Eventually, an exporter pays more in anti-dumping duty than other nations do.

Other nations have complained about US zeroing system stating that it is unfair.

As such, America commits to the WTO rules and regulations which has fair systems/practices.

What Types of Dumping are there?

There are four main types of dumping:

Figure 3 Types of dumping

        i.            Sporadic-dumping

Typically, manufacturers practice sporadic dumping to dispose off excess merchandise.

In a bid to prevent a price war in the domestic thus preserving their competitive position, the manufacturer dumps their unsold inventories to other nations.

Through this, the excess supply is destroyed. Similarly, sporadic dumping occurs when a manufacturer dumps excess merchandise into a market where they are normally not sold.

As such, sporadic dumping is to liquidate any excess stocks that may arise once in a while as it os usually temporary.

      ii.            Predatory-dumping

Also referred to as intermittent dumping. As compared to sporadic dumping, predatory dumping is permanent.

Predatory dumping entails selling goods in overseas market at a home market price below the normal price.

A manufacturer sells at a loss mainly to have access to a new market and further eliminate the competition.

Once they eliminate the competition, the manufacturer enjoys monopoly in this market setting its price.

Zenith in America accused Japanese Television Manufacturers of using predatory dumping. American manufacturers filed reports secret rebates and false billing by Japanese manufacturers to set low predatory prices of TV sets in America.

Apparently, Zenith wanted to drive manufacturers out of the market so they can gain monopoly.

Another case is where Hitachi was accused of dumping EPROM chips.

    iii.            Reverse-dumping

It occurs in the foreign market where the demand is less elastic. These foreign markets often tolerate higher prices.

Hence, dumping is done in the manufacturer’s domestic market by selling locally at a lower price.

    iv.            Persistent-dumping

This is a long-time dumping. It is an indefinite price discrimination that occurs across international borders.

Often firms that export products benefit from this type of dumping as there is a demand for the products in an international market.

However, this demand could be more elastic than the demand in a company’s domestic market.

They consistently sell at a lower price in a single market than in the rest of the markets.

It is typically based on the fact that markets differ in terms of demand characteristics and overhead costs.

A firm can use marginal costs pricing in international market while also using full cost pricing in domestic markets.

An example is where Japan sold consumer electronics at a higher price in the national due to lack of competition.

However, it sold lower prices in the American market due to high competition mainly to maintain a market share.

How can Dumping Affect your Import/Export Business?

Dumping can place an import/export business at a serious risk if the dumping offense was severe or it is not the business’ first offense.

They could even be forced out of business completely. When a local company cannot lower the price of their products way below the one of the foreign companies, they are potentially left without a market to sell their products.

Dumping also affects the importers bottom line.

What is Dumping Margin?

Dumping margin is the export price less the normal value of the product under complaint. Usually, it is shown as a portion of the export price.

Note: You can check the Section 9A of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 for a definition.

Does Dumping Margin Affect Anti-Dumping Duties?

Of course, yes.

The dumping margin is calculated based on the comparison between the average weights of the prices of every export transaction and the weighted average normal value.

If the margin of dumping is low, then the anti-dumping duties will be lower because the threat/injury is not very significant. And, the vice-versa is true.

How do you Calculate Dumping?

When calculating dumping, you have to examine the normal value, and export price.

You then conduct a good comparison of the normal value and export price.

Following this, you calculate the dumping margin and complete a duty assessment.

What is the Significance of Anti-Dumping Duty in International Trade?

Some foreign companies use dumping as a way of entering new markets and monopolize them. With monopoly in the market, a foreign company has undue advantage over its competitors.

Anti-dumping duty helps importing countries to avoid the practice of dumping that negatively impacts the domestic manufacturers.

In imposing an anti-dumping duty, the product being imported becomes expensive in the local market.

As a result, consumers could avoid buying it and instead go for cheap locally manufactured products.

Domestic producers will, therefore, remain comfortable knowing that they are being protected by the government against foreign exporters malpractices.

Anti-dumping duty is very important for nations that are still in the developing phase and do not have crucial industrial development and infrastructural facilities.

Can you Petition Anti-Dumping Duty on your Imports/Exports?

Absolutely, yes.

Companies or manufacturers can file petitions to the U.S. Department of Commerce or the U.S. International Trade Commission.

That is if they find a foreign government subsidizing manufacturer or an international manufacturer selling below fair market value.

A petition has to include the following:

• Description of the importers, exporters and imported goods
• General information
• Subsidy and price information
• Injury information
• Critical circumstances information

How long do Anti-Dumping Duties Apply?

Typically, Anti-dumping duties can be applied for:

Definitively (for a time of 5 years) or Provisionally (for up to 9 months)

If a preliminary investigation is done by the EU commission, a provisional duty can be applied.

This duty shows that:

Subsidies have been introduced or dumping has occurred

In such cases, the EU will begin a full investigation.

If the full investigation confirms that dumping has taken place or that subsidies have been introduced the charges are introduced/applied definitively.

What is Anti-Dumping Duty Investigation?

Anti-dumping duty investigation involves the right agency/body determining the goods being imported into a nation and sold at lower prices than that of the producing country.

In the UK, the EU commission launches an investigation once it has a complaint from an EU industry.

This is after giving adequate information that exporting manufacturers from one or several countries are dumping goods into the European Union market.

Thereby, promoting injury to the European Union.

The EU Commission then launches an investigation within a period of 45 days.

It publishes an initiation notice in the EUs Official Journal.

Where it specifies the nations to be investigated, product under investigation, the obligations and rights of those interested to the proceeding as well as deadlines which will apply.

A typical investigation looks to whether:

• Dumping is taking place from the nations concerned
• Material injury has been suffered by the specified EU industry
• The specific dumping is indeed causing the material injury
• It would be against the EU economic interests to impose measures

Questionnaires are completed by the interested parties to conduct a comparison of the export price of the international producer to the normal value.

They may find that the foreign producers export price is lower than the normal value.

It may imply that there is a casual link between the alleged dumping in the domestic country and injury suffered.

It ends when the body establishes that a foreign producer is dumping its products. Dumping cases should end within a year but more than 18 months.

Note: When the investigating body finds that the dumping margin is insignificantly low by 2% of the export price of the good or is de minimis, then the investigation has to end.

The investigation has to end if dumped products’ volume is very small.

That is, the volume from a country is below 3% of total product imports).

How do you Initiate an Anti-Dumping Duty Investigation?

You can initiate an anti-dumping duty investigation by presenting a written complaint to the Commission by the European industry involved or the person on behalf.

The complaint is then lodged with the competent body in the member state.

The said authority examines the correctness of the complaint and starts the investigation as the processing of the case continues.

What are the Essential Requisites for Initiating an Anti-Dumping Investigation?

Below are the essentials for initiating an anti-dumping investigation:

• The domestic producers must be fully supporting the anti-dumping
• There has to be adequate evidence to the fact that there is indeed dumping and material retardation to the domestic industry.

Further, there is a link of an injury caused by dumping meaning that the dumped imports have caused the alleged injury.

Who conducts an Anti-Dumping Investigation?

Anti-dumping investigations are done by a government and this is based on a local industry’s written application.

There are some special cases when a local government can begin an investigation on behalf of the industry.

The written application should give evidence of dumping, injury, and a causal link between these.

How long does an Anti-Dumping Duty Investigation take?

An anti-dumping investigation can take 1 year or around 18 months at most.

According to Article 5.10 an anti-dumping duty investigation takes 18 months.

Anti-dumping duty is then issued following preliminary determinations that take around 190 days of initiation of the antidumping investigations.

What is de Minimis when determining Anti-Dumping Duty?

When determining anti-dumping duty, de Minimis is 2% less the margin of dumping. It is often shown as a percentage of the export price.

Who imposes Anti-Dumping Duties?

In the United States, the International Trade Commission (ITC) imposes the anti-dumping duties.

However, ITCs actions are from the recommendations by the Department of Commerce as well as the investigations by the Department of Commerce or/and the ITC.

Can you get a Duty Drawback on Anti-Dumping Duties?

Of course, yes.

You can get a duty drawback on anti-dumping duties by filling for a refund. You can qualify for the drawback if you are eligible:

• Indirectly/directly involved in importing goods that are then exported in the same condition they were imported
• You further use imported or manufacture goods in a limited manner to give other goods for export

A claim can be done up to 4 years after goods were imported.

A claimant has to submit a drawback claim with supporting documentation.

Can a Customs Broker help in Querying if your Imports are Subject to Anti-Dumping Duty?

A customs broker can help in querying if your imports are subject to anti-dumping duty.

Customs brokers make the shipping process easier.

The customs broker functions to make the export and import of goods run smoothly by encouraging the clearance of goods via customs processes.

The customs broker has all the knowledge and rules/regulations involving the products that are subject to anti-dumping duty.

What is the Difference Between Anti-Dumping Duty and Normal Customs Duty?

Normal customs duty and anti-dumping duty are both applied and taken by the Customs Office.

However, anti-dumping duty differs from normal customs duty in operation and purpose.

Anti-dumping duty is linked to the notion of fair trade. It guides against those situations arising from unfair trade practices.

Custom duties on the other hand are a way of collecting revenue and general economic development.

Anti-dumping duty is a trade remedial measure while custom duty is a trade and fiscal policy of the government.

Custom duties have implications for the development of economy and government revenue.

While anti-dumping duty help with offsetting the injurious effect of international price discrimination.

Anti-dumping duties are never offered in duties/taxes.

Even so, the government is allowed to discontinue this duty in a situation where the exporter gives a price undertaking.

Anti-dumping duties are levied against country/exporter even though they are exporter and country-specific.

Custom duties, on the other hand, are universally and generally applied to every import regardless of the exporter.

Further, anti-dumping is applied beyond the typical customs duty that can be charged on the import goods.

I know at times, knowing whether your imports from China are subjected to anti-dumping duty can be a challenges process.

That’s where Tj chinafreight comes in – contact us now for all your inquiries and questions on anti-dumping duties.

I know you want to import from China to Australia that’s why you’re here.

So, whether you want to know the mode of shipping, cost, best time, restricted goods or what to import from China to Australia – all the vital information you’re looking for is right here.

Keep reading to learn more.

Products to Import from China to Australia

Are you wondering what kind of products you can import from China to Australia, well there a range of products.

From shoes to electronics, cars jewelry construction material name them.

Generally speaking, Australia lags behind most Western countries when it comes to production.

Could be because manufacturing in Australia is expensive especially for a new business or a small scale business.

From designing, production, packaging, getting the best machines it’s just a hustle.

Hence they import from China to ease the process.

Importing products from China to Australia has by all means been a significant source of income to the country.

As an investor in the business, it is advisable to first import a small number of goods, test the waters and see how the business will fare before making a substantial commitment.

Importing Clothes from China to Australia

China is a large manufacturer of garments.

In fact, it’s one of the World’s best producers of clothing materials worldwide.

They produce quality clothes in bulk, at a low price, and export them.

Most clothes are brought to Australia by sea because they do not need special care.

However, some such as wedding gowns are shipped by air freight.

Very few restrictions are put in place for clothes getting into Australia.

Moreover, clothes containing formaldehyde and AZO dyes are banned from entering the country.

Importing Toys from China to Australia

The level of creativity in China is insane.

They have a wide range of gargets including infant toys, puzzles, toy guns, games, etc.

They are imported by sea freight.

Infants and kids are very delicate beings.

Hence Australia has put in place very strict rules and regulations to ensure their safety.

It worth noting that it’s challenging to get the certification of the toys you are intending to import.

Note the size and the weight of the toys will determine the size of the container to use in shipping. S

pecial toys can be transported by air.

In short, you can import virtually any item from China to Australia.

Restricted Imports from China to Australia

Different countries have different rules and regulations.

Australia is big on quality, hence it has regulations on products that might pose threat to its citizens.

Regulated products include;

• Alcohol
• Tea and coffee
• Tobacco and cigarette,
• Health and cosmetics
• Children toys
• Food, groceries, and beverages

Here is a full list of restricted imports to Australia.

Note in case you import goods that don’t meet the regulations set by the customs, you could face penalties.

In a worst-case scenario, your goods may be detained or destroyed.

Prohibited Imports from China to Australia

If you are a new importer, you need to familiarize yourself with goods that are not allowed in Australia.

The list of items prohibited in Australia is updated after a while.

It is therefore advisable to review the list often.

This may help you avoid paying hefty fines or goods being taken away.

Prohibited products in Australia include;

• Weapons
• Hazardous goods
• Drugs, medicine
• Biological agents
• Asbestos
• Goods bearing the word ANZAC

Here is a full list of all prohibited imports to Australia.

Now during the Covid-19 pandemic, they have new regulations prohibiting hand sanitisers, facemasks, gowns, goggles, alcohol wipes, etc.

Documents you need to Import from China for Australia

Before getting a golden opportunity to import products from China, some formalities are required.

Every importer must submit the following documents to the customs office before starting to trade.

It’s worth noting that you are required to provide them in time.

The import documents may vary from one importer to the other depending on the kind of products you are intending to import.

Documents required include:

i. Fumigation Certificate (SAD)

SAD was there long before COVID-19!

This document is issued by the country’s sanitary authorities or the customs authorities.

It verifies that exported goods say cereals and vegetables stuffing etc. have been fumigated.

Fumigation is necessary because it protects the local flora and ensures pets don’t move from country to country.

ii. The Import License

This document is issued by the officials in charge of to exact product you intent to import.

It shows the data of commercial and financial details of the goods you have imported the importer, the exporter, the native country, the manufacturer of the product, and the cost of payment method.

iii. The Bill of Landing (BIL, BOL)

It’s a document that contains the shipment of a commodity issued by the shipping company.

It helps you to identify your product and the information about your goods by issuing them with titles.

It contains information showing the shipper, consignee, place of delivery container (s) number and also gives a clear description of goods.

BIL can be used as proof of shipment for customs and insurance companies.

It can also be issue to a bank as proof so that the seller can bring about a letter of credit.

The document can as well be sent to the buyer to seal the business by paying off the contract.

iv. Air Way Bill (AWB)

It’s a receipt issued by an airline to show goods have been transported.

It is prepared by the authorized agent or an airline, electronically.

They contain a serial number that can be used to check shipment status.

An international airway bill combined with cargo is referred to as master Air Way Bills (MAWB)

v. The Certificate of Origin

It’s a document issued by the exporter that shows specific details of goods.

Where they have been obtained, produced, manufactured, and processed.

Generally speaking, there are two types of Certificate of Origin.

Non-preferential

It gives specific details and places where goods we produced, even though the goods cannot be subjected to treatment.

Preferential

This document shows goods were produced in a country with a trade agreement with our very own country.

vi. Commercial Invoice

It is an official payment note prepared by the exporter used as a customs declaration.

It is meant to declare the imported products are in your proclamation.

It identifies the exporter, importer, the HS Code, invoice number, net weight, and gross quantity, and the total freight price.

Common mistakes made on an invoice such as undervalued, where the seller avoids some formalities, can easily be noticed.

Customs are very keen on the commercial invoice they may withhold your goods. Be careful.

vii. Proof of Import

This document is issued after going through customs.

It’s issued after all your documents have been confirmed.

Proof of import is basically the official document you receive in the final stage to prove the nationalization of your imported products.

Note some products have more restrictions to avoid biosecurity hazards

In case you are importing such products, the Australian customs and quarantine require some documents for such unique goods.

If you are importing medicine, you need a certified medical prescription.

Documents that encounter legal requirements for acceptance of our unique products.

MSDS document in case the commodity is unsafe.

viii. Packing List

It is also referred to as the Way Bill shipping list.

It a list containing packaging information of all shipped goods put together by the shipping company.

It describes the content of goods to all the parties involved.

You are required to show a packing list to the Australian government showing

Any applicable shipping marks used.

The number of packages including a list of how packaging was done.

Total net weight and gross weight of cargo and their measurements.

ix. Single Administrative Document (SAD)

SAD is prepared by the importer. It’s a documentary basis of customs declaration in the EU, Swaziland, Norway, and Iceland.

SAD is used for the trade of non-EU goods with the EU or if you are trading with third counters.

x. CITES Permit

This a document issued by the National CITES Management Authorities.

It issues means that the import of goods is complaisant with international wildlife protection regulation.

You should have this document if you are importing goods listed on the CITES list.

Failure to which you will face the consequences.

xi. Import/Export Declaration

This document is prepared by the importer/exporter.

It’s a list of imported/exported goods required by customs officials sometimes.

The form differs depending on the requirements of a particular custom office.

xii. CE Certificate

It’s a document that is concerned with health and safety.

It ensures products are complaisant with EU laws and directives.

It’s acquired by notified bodies. Only specific institutions are allowed to conduct CE assessment.

This document is not required in all cases.

However, the producer can self-verify their products in certain cases while in others an independent quality checking procedure is required.

xiii. Proforma Invoice

It’s a document put together by the exporter.

It serves to give detailed information concerning shipment in terms of the type of products shipped, their size, and other features.

Even though it’s not an invoice, it’s considered a legal binding agreement because it contains the final pricing.

This helps the importer to decide on their financial purchase easily.

Customs officers in some countries may accept proforma invoices and allow you to submit a commercial invoice later.

In the US for example the proforma invoice is used by the customs to access duty.

Financial institutions such as banks may accept proforma invoice to create a letter of credit on the importer

Understanding Taxes when Importing from China to Australia

Taxes are inevitable. Once you import goods from China to Australia, they will definitely attract taxes.

Before importing or exporting goods ensure you familiarize yourself with tariff costs.

If you are not sure, consult Customs Authorities for help.

Some taxes are paid by everyone while others you pay import duties based on particular types of goods you have imported.

Below are some of the taxes you may be required to pay;

i. Processing charge- This is paid for every shipment made in Australia.

ii. GST- Goods and Service Tax is levied on 10% of import duty, the value of goods, insurance, and transport cost.

iii. VAT- Duty charged on goods that are manufactured in the country. Sometimes importers are required to pay VAT and tariff at the same time.

iv. Exercise tax- This duty is not charged on all items but some such as wine and jewelry.

Concession on Import Duty when Importing from China to Australia.

In 2015 Australia and China signed a Free Trade Agreement.

The trade ensured smooth investment by eliminating barriers in the business.

Through this agreement, some goods can enter Australia for free or at a reduced tariff.

The agreement is of great benefit to the traders; it has ensured delayed duty.

However, all the benefits occur if you import goods that are not being manufactured in Australia.

Importers can enjoy a 0% duty rate on most of the goods they import.

In a bid to support local manufacturers, Australia has come up with the following schemes:

• Delayed duty in the custom warehouse
• Tariff concession system
• Certain input to manufacturer program ( CIM)
• Tariff concession system
• Tradex schemes

Cost of Importing from China to Australia

Many factors affect the price of products from Australia to China.

From location to size, shipping mode, sea FCL, sea LCL, air or express

As an Australian importer, buying goods from China is an incredible opportunity.

You will end up spending a fraction of what you would have had you manufactured the same products in Australia.

Nevertheless, you need to understand additional costs that may be added to the cost price of your goods. Below are some of the taxes and duties.

i. Shipping Costs

Shipping from China to Australia freight charges depend on whether the goods are full container(FCL) or less than container (LCL).

The fee depends on the weight of your goods in cubic meters.

Ensure you get the exact weight of your products in cubic meters from your manufacturer once they have been packaged.

The cost of renting FCL depends on the month you are intending on importing your goods.

For LCL your pay range is $150 to $250 per cm3 depending on the size and weight of your goods.

ii. Custom Value

The customs value of goods is based on the free on board(FOB) price of goods.

FOB simply means the manufacturer has cleared exports and goods have been loaded on the ship, hence all the risks and responsibilities involved are up to the buyer.

FOB prices of goods include

• Export clearance
• Transport to port
• Unit price

Note the custom value is not inclusive of the cost of shipping to Australia or the cost of shipping insurance.

iii. Custom Duty

Your custom duty depends on the kind of products you are importing,

Most goods imported from China are put through a 5% duty.

The amount will still depend on the customs value of your shipment

For example, if your custom value is $10000 and your shipment is subjected to a 5% duty rate,

$10000 × 5/100 =$500

you will pay $500

iv. Goods and Services Tax (GST)

For goods imported in Australia under $1000, you do not pay for 10% GTS.

However, for those above $1000, you will be required to pay 10% GTS whether you are GST registered or not.

If your business is GST registered, you have an advantage, you can postpone the GST payment if you take part in a deferred GST scheme.

Such businesses can defer payment until they submit their first activity statement once they have received goods.

GST is calculated as 10% of the total shipping cost.

Example

Custom value= $10000

Custom duty= 5% of custom value

=$500

Shipping fee=$1500

Insurance=$70

$10000+$500+$1500+$70

= $12070

GTS=10% ×12070

=$1207

It worth noting, these are just hypothetical numbers.

They do not reflect the actual shipping costs incurred when importing from China to Australia.

Equally, it’s not inclusive of the cost price of the product.

These are not the only duties and taxes you may be required to pay.

Duties and taxes may vary depending on the products.

Best Time to Import from China to Australia

Interestingly, there are seasons in international trade.

Prices differ depending on the month you are importing your products from China to Australia.

Freight rates especially FCL sea and air freight are affected by seasonal factors.

There are peak and off-peak seasons.

The table above shows peak seasons for shipping from China to Australia.

October seems to be the best month to import from China to Australia.

Besides, General Rates Increase(GRI) are introduced at the beginning of a month.

Towards the middle of the month, while they are busy loading supplies on vessels, they reduce the prices.

This means if you book in the middle of the month, you can save money.

How to Import from Alibaba to Australia

Alibaba stock is one of the market place importers from Australia shop.

It is China’s largest online commerce business.

It is a website like eBay but mostly deals with wholesalers and manufacturers.

Before importing you need to understand how Alibaba work.

Alibaba is a site with two types of sellers.

• Factory sellers- These are the actual producers of goods.
• Trading company- These are middlemen in the business. They link the factory to buyers.

Before settling with either seller, consider the relationship you are willing to have with your seller and for how long. Also, your previous experience if at all you have one.

Dealing with a factory directly is cheaper than involving trading companies, they will charge you.

Note the minimum order quantity of goods is high on Alibaba.

Tips you need to implement while importing from Alibaba.

i. While choosing a manufacturer on Alibaba, go for the ones with a badge. Check their reviews and how many years they have been in the industry.

ii. Contact as many suppliers as possible and ensure you give all of them clear details of the products; dimension, quantity.

Back up your details with a sample image. If you are not sure of the quantity you need, use a live chat option on the supplier website.

If the supplier is online, it shows they are legit and they have enough workforce to serve you.

iii. Create samples- Before putting all your eggs in one basket, create a sample and order. The quality of goods may differ from the samples

iv. Get orders with tracking irrespective of the shipping means you will use to transport your products.

v. Ensure labelling and packaging is done once to avoid shipping separately or consulting a different supplier. Ask them to recommend to you to reliable packaging companies.

Besides, most sellers sell products under a contract.

Make sure you sign an agreement before you seal the deal so that in case of anything, there will be terms that will help you solve the issue.

Remember to apply for a trademark to be able to sell your goods as your brand.

Ensure you research before coming up with a brand name.

Do I still need to pay tax while importing from Alibaba?

The answer is yes or no.

Goods imported will be liable to duties and taxes if they are above $1000.

You may not be required to pay taxes or duties for goods less than $1000.

If your goods will arrive at their destination via international mail, there will be no charges.

Nevertheless, if they are air or sea freight, you or your agent will be expected to make an Assessment Clearance Declaration.

Handling Customs Clearance Process when Importing from China to Australia

This is the most complex process yet mandatory. No wonder most people opt to hire a freight forwarder.

Customs clearance is an important process because before your goods are passed in or out of your country, they must meet clearance requirements.

To avoid delays at the port, ensure goods have met the required standards and you have the necessary documentation.

There are four main types of customs clearance.

• Air freight-it clears cargo at airports
• Rail freight-clear cargo at the borders with international rail lines.
• Sea freight- clears cargo at the seaports
• Express freight-it clears all international companies.

The custom authorities provide custom tariff codes to importers and exported to help them organize their long list of goods.

So, how long does Custom Clearance take?

How long it may take depends on some factors like congestion, lack of cargo description, incomplete shipping information, maybe the client file is missing, or if the client lacks shipping documents.

Ideally, it may take 1-2 days or even more depending on the season.

During summer, it may take longer.

Custom clearance fees involved may include custom duty, exercise, VAT, etc.

The importer is responsible for paying the custom clearance fee.

Below are steps you can follow in a nutshell to complete the clearance process successfully.

i. Check whether your goods are prohibited or not.

ii. Ensure your goods have the right HS Code.

iii. Liaise with customs to ensure you have all the documents.

iv. Hand over all your documents with the fees to your clearing agent.

Benefits of China–Australia Free Trade Agreement when Importing from China to Australia.

After a long period of a strong partnership, China and Australia signed a Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) on June 17, 2015. The agreement was enforced on December 20, 2015.

It was meant to strengthen the economic relationship Australia has with China.

The law is a win-win for both nations. Australia can enjoy free trade while China opens up and grows its domestic market to potential customers.

China views the law as an opportunity for them to intermingle with the international economy as well as strengthening the political abilities.

China recognizes Australia as the most favoured nation (MFN).

Importers and exporters have benefited from the agreement in the following ways;

i. They have reduced tariffs of 30% on products like meat, seafood’s and wine

ii. Importers can buy products from abroad at an affordable price and resell them at a profit.

iii. Australia has removed tariffs on some goods like coal.

iv. Buyers are allowed to buy goods from China with no tax charges.

v. Importers enjoy a substantial reduction of tariffs on goods

vi. Australian companies are the greatest stakeholders in China’s joint venture.

How China-Australia Trade Tensions Affect Exporting from China to Australia

The disagreement between China and Australia started back in 2018 when Australia banned China Huawei from its 5G network publicly.

Australia suggested holding China responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19 that originated from Wuhan.

China is Australia’s largest trading partner, their largest export destination, and the place where they source their most imports.

Clearly, the Australian economy needs China to thrive.

The beef has built quite a friction in on the issue. These tit for tat game is making the situation uglier.

China was able to replace its suppliers faster however Australia has lost billions of dollars in the shipment of products.

China inflicted an anti-dumping duty of 73.6% and anti-subsidy duty of 6.9% on Australian barley.

On 27^th November china imposed a duty of 107-212% on the Australian win claiming that its causing damage to their wine industry.

China used to import most of its coal from Australia. However, they stopped.

They instead signed a three-year agreement with  Indonesia to import $1.5 billion worth of coal.

They did this without informing Australian authorities because their ships were seen stranded in China ports for weeks.

This push and pull between these two countries is likely to continue for long.

Maybe until their pain for losses balances maybe they can settle their differences.

Sadly, even if they reunite, their economic relationship may never be the same again.

Maybe it’s time for Australia to learn the effects of depending on one marker(china) excessively and look for other suppliers.

Using Sea Freight from China to Australia

Sea freight is the most common and the cheapest means of shipping heavy goods in bulk.

Your freight forwarder or supplier may advise you on the best ports to use based on transit time, your destination, or ease of customs clearance.

Shipping Containers to use in Sea Freight from China to Australia

Shipping containers come in different sizes and shapes.

The standard sizes are 20 and 40 ft long that open from one end.

Chooses containers according to the nature of goods you are importing.

Sea Ports in China

Main seaports in China include;

• Shangai
• Ningo-zhoushan
• Shenzhen
• Xiamen
• Shekou

Sea Ports in Australia

• Sydney
• Melbourne
• Adelaide
• Fremantle
• Brisbane

Using Air Freight from China to Australia

 Choose air freight if the goods you are importing are perishable, delicate, or in case of any urgency.

Main Airports in China

They include;

• Wuhan
• Hong Kong
• Chengudu Shuangliu
• Shanghai pudong
• Beijin Daxing

Main Airports in Australia

They include;

• Sydney
• Perth
• Gold coast
• Darwin
• Cairns

Airlines to use when Importing from China to Australia

They include

• China Airlines
• Air China
• China Southern Airlines (CZ)
• China Eastern Airlines (MU)
• Alliance Airline

Express Shipping from China to Australia

It is also referred to as international courier or express freight.

It is used for small shipments. It is the fastest and cheapest way to ship cargo under 100kg.

Moreover, every international courier has its limits, size, and regulations.

It is considered the most efficient shipping method; everything is handled by one company from picking cargo to delivering it.

How Door to Door Shipping from China to Australia Work

Door to door shipping is where the freight forwarder handles everything on behalf of the importer.

They pick goods, file the necessary paperwork, transport and deliver goods to the importer.

You receive goods at the comfort of your home.

Sounds goods, right?

Door to door shipping is quick and the safest shipping method.

It saves you time, effort, it efficient and above all saves you time hence you can focus on other things.

Door to door shipping is of three types;

• Door to door sea shipping- The freight forwarder transports goods from international oceans to the required destination
• Airfreight door to door from china- Freight forwarder helps to speed up your goods transit from china.
• Rail freight door to door shipping-Such services are offered to people importing from countries sharing borders.

Steps on how the door to door shipping works:

i. The importer sources for goods of interest, the manufacturer, communicates with him/her, seals the deal, and places an order

ii. The importer contacts a shipping agent for a door to door freight forwarder.

iii. The freight forwarder picks cargo from the manufacturer, loads on the track, and transports it to either seaport, airport, or railway line. Depends on the mean of transport you intend to use.

iv. The freight forwarder issues all the paperwork required and clears customs

v. The freights forwarder loads cargo on vessels, makes all necessary arrangements, and ensures all is in order.

vi. Once the cargo gets to your country, the agent handles custom clearance and pays tariffs. The cargo is loaded on a truck to your preferred destination according to the address you provided.

How Drop Shipping from China to Australia Works

Dropshipping is where the buyer places an order, the seller then forwards the details and cash to the manufacturer then he/she

Getting it right can be a challenge when shipping from South Africa to the USA.

To prevent this, you need to understand what is required of you before and during the shipping process.

Here is a simple guide to help you understand your shipping.

Have a look

Top Products you can Ship from South Africa to the USA

You must ensure the products you import to the USA are legal before you start the importation process.

You also need to ensure you have the necessary permits, which facilitates the customs clearance process.

Among the goods you can import to the USA from South Africa include:

• Precious minerals, gems, and ores.
• Mineral fuels
• Vehicles and machinery and their related parts
• Agricultural products
• Plastic and related products

Shipping Regulations from South Africa to the USA

You have to adhere to the various shipping regulations in South Africa and the USA to find it easy with the customs authorities.

Such regulations include ensuring you have the right documents for your shipment, shipping the correct goods, and having the necessary payments.

Before your goods arrive in the USA from South Africa, you have to file entry documents indicating your goods’ status.

Such entry documents include a commercial invoice, entry manifest, packing list, and airway bill.

Ways of Shipping from South Africa to the USA

Shipping from South Africa to the USA can either be through the ocean or air freight.

However, road and rail transport are typical when transporting from your manufacturer’s premises to the port of origin.

– Sea Freight from South Africa to USA

Sea freight involves the use of cargo ships to import your cargo from South Africa to the USA.

The main advantage of using sea freight is its relatively low cost and ability to handle a large volume of your shipment.

However, it is a slow method of shipping your goods compared to air freight.

Therefore, you have to plan as you wait for the arrival of your goods in the USA.

Piracy is also emerging as a crucial challenge when shipping your goods from South Africa to the USA.

Consequently, you have to pay a higher insurance premium, and at times, certain insurance firms don’t cover this risk.

If you are shipping bulky and less sensitive goods like clothes and agricultural products, this should be your option.

Other goods that you can ship include chemical and industrial products, machinery and vehicles, and agricultural inputs.

Shipping Container options from South Africa to the USA

It would help if you considered several factors when selecting a shipping container for your use.

Such factors include cost, state of a container, volume, dimensions, and nature of your goods.

Among the containers available for your use include:

Standard Containers

These containers are available in three different options, including 20″, 40″, and 40HD containers.

Its use is common in shipping cargoes like bales, bags, and pallets.

The design of these containers allows for the safe storage of your cargo during shipment.

Some containers take into consideration hangers and layers to pack additional goods like bales.

A 40HD container is best for shipping taller goods which cannot fit in an ordinary 40″ or 20″ container.

Hardtop Container

The construction of these containers makes them ideal for shipping bulky goods.

They also feature a rooftop that can be open during shipping to accommodate taller goods.

Flat Rack Container

Flat rack containers are available in 20′, 40″ and 40HD sizes.

They are common in shipping cargo that is heavy or has an abnormal size.

The advantage of using these containers is they allow for stacking, which increases the volume of goods you can import.

Specialized Containers

These are containers whose manufacturing takes into account the need to maintain the condition of your goods.

Such considerations include the size of your cargo and temperature.

Examples of specialized containers include reefer and insulated containers.

They are suitable for perishable shipping goods such as food products.

FCL and LCL Shipping from South Africa to USA

If you have a cargo that can fill a whole container regardless of its size, then FCL shipping should be your choice.

Alternatively, you can use FCL to ship goods that are exclusively yours.

Under FCL, you have exclusive ownership of your container; hence there is minimal interference of your goods.

However, the cost of shipping an FCL is relatively higher compared to an LCL shipment.

The shipping duration of an FCL is generally lower compared to that of an LCL.

This is because most shipping companies don’t allow for mixing LCL and FCL containers.

The essence of this is it reduces the time it takes to offload and load containers at the port

. This can be a lengthy process considering there are various goods in a single container for unloading.

LCL shipping is the best alternative if the quantity of your goods cannot fill a container.

Under this case, you make arrangements with your forwarder, who books space on a particular shipping container for your goods.

The advantage of this is you pay a lower shipping cost equivalent to that which your goods occupy on the container.

However, shipping under LCL usually takes time since there is the unloading of goods at different ports.

Your goods are also vulnerable to external interference such as scratches or breakage.

Major Seaports from South Africa

The main seaports for your consideration in South Africa are:

• Port of Durban
• Port of East London
• Port of Cape Town
• Port Elizabeth

– Air Freight from South Africa to USA

Air freight involves the use of cargo airlines to import your goods to the USA from South Africa.

It is the fastest and secure means of shipping your goods.

However, it is relatively expensive and limits the volume and type of goods you can ship from South Africa to the USA.

You can use air freight among the goods, including urgent cargo such as samples, sensitive products like firearms, and perishable products.

There are two types of air freight, that is, standard air freight and express shipping.

The choice of which type to use depends on various factors such as the volume of goods, urgency, and cost.

Express shipping is best if you are shipping a relatively smaller volume of your cargo, such as samples.

It is faster since most of the shipping is through the air.

Standard Air Freight vs. Express Shipping

Express shipping from South Africa to the USA is an ideal option if you are shipping urgent goods.

It takes a relatively shorter time compared to standard air freight.

The cost of using express shipping is relatively higher compared to that of standard air freight.

This is because express shipping mainly uses air couriers to ship your goods.

Major Airports from South Africa to the USA

The choice of which airport to use for your shipment depends on various factors.

These factors include services a particular airport has, the price, and your final destination.

The main available airports in South Africa are:

• OR Tambo International Airport
• Cape Town International Airport
• King Shaka International Airport
• George Airport
• Port Elizabeth Airport

You can import your cargo to the USA using the following main airports:

• Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW)
• JFK International Airport (JFK
• Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
• Los Angeles International Airport
• Indianapolis International Airport

Door to Door Shipping from South Africa to the USA

This is a shipping mode where the goods move from your manufacturer’s warehouse in South Africa to your premises in the USA.

The advantage of this shipping method from South Africa to the USA is it frees you all the time you need.

You, therefore, can concentrate on other aspects of your cargo shipments like marketing.

Having a trusted freight forwarder and manufacturer is essential for efficient door to door shipping.

This is because they are responsible for most of the transactions in door-to-door shipping from South Africa to the USA.

Such transactions include transportation to the port of origin and final destination, customs clearance, and warehousing.

It is also cheaper to do door-to-door shipping from South Africa to the USA.

This is because most providers tend to consolidate the entire cost, offering a discount on the shipping cost.

However, considering you have minimal control of your cargo, you may experience the risk of not having the right products.

This can implicate your business negatively as you wait for a solution.

When searching for a door-to-door service provider, you have to check for the services and costs they offer.

You also need to check if they have a shipping network in both South Africa and the USA.

Networking should include warehousing services in the USA and South Africa and available manufacturers and suppliers in South Africa.

The cost of this mode of shipping depends on the methods of logistics that the given provider uses.

For instance, shipping using air and road is expensive compared to using ocean and road.

How it Cost to Ship from South Africa to the USA

Understanding your shipping cost from South Africa to the USA helps you in the proper financial planning.

To get the actual cost, you have to understand components like the shipping mode and your cargo volume.

– Sea freight cost from South Africa to the USA

Determining the actual cost of shipping your cargo from South Africa to the USA involves having the cost of the following factors:

• Fuel cost

The cost of fueling your shipping vessel from South Africa to the USA fluctuates along the way.

This is due to the fluctuating global fuel prices. As such, your final invoice usually includes this cost as a fuel surcharge

• Government regulations

The government imposes different charges on the shipping vessels and the goods you are shipping from South Africa.

It is up to the South African authorities to stipulate the actual charges you have to pay for your cargo.

You can consult this charge with your freight forwarder.

• Distance

The distance and route for your shipment determine the actual ocean freight you are to pay.

You need to check on the shortest possible shipping route that a particular vessel follows to reduce your shipping cost.

Your freight forwarder can help you in determining which vessels takes the shortest route.

• Nature and volume of goods

The higher the volume of your goods, the higher you have to pay for your ocean freight.

This is partly due to space they occupy on the container and the vessel charges.

Depending on the sensitivity of your goods, the shipping vessel may charge you for handling them.

For instance, you cannot charge machinery the same way you can charge chemicals and oil products.

Many shipping vessels have different rates for the various goods that you can import from South Africa to the USA.

• Season

You are likely to pay a higher ocean freight price during the peak season.

This is due to the high demand for shipping vessels leaving South Africa.

However, you can reduce the ocean freight by shipping your goods from South Africa by shipping during the off-peak seasons.

During such periods, most cargo ships in South Africa are usually empty; hence you can negotiate for better prices.

• Exchange rate

The actual value of the currency you are to use to pay for your freight charge depends on the exchange rate.

When importing from South Africa to the USA, you should use the US dollar for your transactions.

This is because the US currency is strong hence does not easily fluctuate compared to other currencies.

The essence of this is that it allows you to plan the actual amount you pay for your shipment.

– Airfreight Cost from South Africa to the USA

You have to consider several factors when determining your air freight’s actual cost from South Africa to the USA. These factors include:

• Shipping speed

Airfreight is available in two main modes, that is, express shipping and air cargo.

Express shipping is relatively faster, resulting in a higher price compared to air cargo.

• Workforce

You require different professionals to handle your goods during the shipping process.

These professionals add to the cost of your air freight depending on different ways of handling your goods.

– Courier Charges from South Africa to USA

Courier charges are relatively expensive compared to the ocean and air freight due to their somewhat faster shipping.

Factors that affect the cost of courier shipping from South Africa to the USA include distance and cargo volume.

However, there is a limit to the volume of cargo allowed to ship using a courier, which affects the price you pay.

You also have to consider the classification of your goods before deciding how much to pay.

How to Package and Label Products for Shipping from South Africa to USA

You must ensure proper packaging and labeling of your products before shipping from South Africa to the USA.

This facilitates easy identification and proper handling of your goods during shipment.

Proper packaging entails using the right material as per your forwarder’s recommendation.

An important consideration here is to note that the material adds to the overall weight of your shipment.

Since weight is a crucial factor when estimating your shipping cost, you may end up paying more when using unnecessary materials.

You also have to consider the type of cargo that you are importing to the USA.

For instance, you have to add a filler material when importing goods that can easily break, such as electronics.

The filler material helps in cushioning your cargo during the shipment process.

Always ensure the packaging material can withstand external factors that can affect the integrity of your cargo.

The labeling of your shipment should be evident and easy to read.

If you are not sure how to package and label your cargo, you can consult your freight forwarder before shipping to the USA.

Freight Insurance from South Africa to the USA

Before shipping your goods, you need to have a freight insurance cover for your goods.

Such a cover protects your goods from certain risks during the shipping process.

– Benefits of Freight Insurance when Shipping from South Africa to the USA

Among the reasons why you need freight insurance when shipping your goods from South Africa to the USA include:

Protects your Cargo

Various factors can affect your cargo’s integrity during the shipment process.

These factors include theft, damage, and loss in the ocean.

These factors have the effect of putting you in an awkward financial position and can adversely affect your business operation.

However, having freight insurance minimizes the negative impact of these factors.

This is by returning you to the financial position you were in before the risks.

However, when taking out the insurance policy, you need to b particular about the insurance cover you want since they cost differently.

Business Continuity

In case of occurrence of a particular risk, your shipping company undertakes to pay the insurance aspect of your cargo.

This assures you of continuity in the operation of your business.

Therefore, you have to continue operation as you wait for compensation for the loss of your goods.

Legality

An insurance cover is part of the documents that you need during the clearing process.

Your freight forwarder should have this document for faster clearance at the customs.

– How to obtain Freight Insurance from South Africa to the USA

When searching for the perfect freight policy when importing from South Africa to the USA, you have to consider certain factors.

For instance, you have to consider the risks that a particular insurance cover

The insurance cover should cover the entire period that your cargo is on transit from South Africa to the USA.

The premium you pay for the cover should be relatively affordable

Consulting your freight forwarder is vital when obtaining freight insurance for your cargo from South Africa to the USA.

Most forwarders understand the best cover for your cargo.

Shipping Time from South Africa to the USA

Shipping time from South Africa to the USA differs depending on the mode of shipment you use.

Airfreight is faster compared to ocean freight.

However, air freight is relatively costly and has limited volume and type of goods to ship.

– Factors Affecting Shipping Time from South Africa to the USA

Understanding the different factors that affect your shipping time from South Africa to the USA and how to avoid them is vital.

This is because it facilitates your shipment and allows you to continue with your business knowing when to expect your goods.

These factors include:

• Shipping mode

Airfreight from South Africa to the USA usually takes days since it is relatively faster than the ocean freight.

This requires you to consider the urgency of your cargo before deciding which model to use.

• FCL and LCL shipping option

When shipping under LCL, you expect your cargo vessel to make various stops along the way loading and unloading goods.

This has the effect of prolonging the time it takes to reach the USA from South Africa as they load and unload the different goods.

• Climatic conditions

Your cargo vessel may fail to take off due to poor weather, including when the sea is experiencing tides.

This increases the duration it takes for your cargo to arrive at your destination.

• Political events

Political instability within the shipping route from South Africa to the USA results in a delay in shipping your goods.

Other political events such as poor trade relations between South Africa and the USA also delay your shipping.

• Mechanical problems

When your shipping vessel develops a mechanical problem, you have to wait until when they resolve the issue.

The effect of this is it extends the arrival time for your goods.

• Poor cargo handling

Delays in your cargo’s arrival from South Africa to the USA can be due to poor, especially during customs clearance.

Customs authorities are strict regarding the necessary documents and proper packaging and labeling of your cargo.

A slight mistake of not having the required documents results in a delay in clearing your goods.

This extends the time you receive them.

– How to Reduce Shipping Time from South Africa to the USA

There is a need to reduce your shipping time from South Africa to the USA, especially if it is urgent.

Some of the ways you can use to reduce your shipping time from South Africa to the USA are:

Have the Necessary Documents

Having all the necessary documents needed by the customs authorities facilitates the clearance of your goods.

This is because they can cross-check on the papers during inspection hence reducing delays.

It is always advisable that you work with your freight forwarder if you are unsure which documents you need to have.

Off-peak Shipping

Most shipping vessels are not busy during the off-peak season.

As a result, you can find one which ships your goods faster.

Reputable Shipping Vessel

Look for a shipping company that offers the best services to ensure your goods’ quick shipment.

In case of any delaying factors such as mechanical problems, such a company facilitates shipping by giving appropriate solutions.

FCL Shipping

If you can use an FCL shipping option, you have to consider using it.

This is because there is minimal loading and unloading once your goods leave your port of origin.

Customs Clearance from South Africa to the USA

Customs clearance is a critical aspect of your shipping from South Africa to the USA.

You have to prepare all the necessary documents and have all the payments ready for a smooth custom clearing process.

– Freight Forwarding Documents you need when Shipping from South Africa to the USA

When you are shipping from South Africa to the USA, you need to have the following documents:

Commercial Invoice

This document describes the specifications of your cargo. Such a description includes the name of the goods, the quantity, individual price, and the whole batch’s price.

It also stipulates who the manufacturer is and the final recipient of the goods in the US.

This helps in the fast tracking of the goods.

Special Permit

The US authorities insist on having special permits if you are importing restricted or prohibited goods.

Without this document, you won’t import restricted or prohibited goods to the USA.

Bill of Lading

This is a document that your carrier issues indicating that they are responsible for shipping your cargo from South Africa to the USA.

The information here includes the description of your goods, the amount you pay for using the carrier, and your address.

The information on your bill of lading, commercial invoice, and packing list should be the same.

Any mismatch in these documents can lead to a delay in clearing your goods.

Packing List

The information on the packing list includes the name of your goods, quantity ad price.

Customs authorities in the US use this information to calculate duties and taxes to pay for your cargo.

Certificate of Origin

It is essential to include the certificate of origin when submitting your documents.

It helps the customs authorities to check if there is a trade agreement between South Africa and the USA which guarantees tax exemptions.

– USA

The customs clearance process in the USA involves the following:

Having the Right Documents

You have to preset the proper documents to the customs authorities before they start clearing your goods.

All the documents should be valid and explain the contents of your goods.

The US customs authorities use these documents to evaluate if the goods are legal for importation and the amount of tax you pay.

Such documents include the invoice, special permits, and airway bill, and packing list.

Failure to produce these documents may lead to a delay in importing or a ban on importing those goods into the USA.

Check on the Information on the Documents

You must check for the accuracy of the information on the documents before submitting them to the US Customs authorities.

Any incorrect or mismatched information delays your cargo clearance process.

For instance, the information on your packing list should match that on your invoice.

The airway bill should indicate the mode of shipping your goods and a general description of your goods.

Package and Label your Products Securely

Packaging and labeling help give those handling your goods an easy time and knowledge of managing your cargo.

For instance, packaging should indicate what is inside and the preferred handling procedure.

The US customs authorities use the packaging and labeling information to calculate the amount of tax you pay.

The labeling information should be uniform to that of your invoice to avoid delays in the clearance process.

Payment

You have to pay for the necessary taxes and duties labeled on your goods.

Once you have paid for these duties and taxes, your customs authorities release the goods to you.

However, you can minimize this by hiring a professional freight forwarder to handle your shipment on your behalf.

Such a forwarder usually alerts you of the correct information you need, the payment, and documents.

This facilitates the clearance process hence reducing the time it takes to ship your goods.

When to use a Customs Broker

Hiring a customs broker is vital, especially when you don’t understand the customs clearing process either in the US or South Africa.

Most brokers understand these processes and can easily facilitate the clearance of your goods.

When hiring a customs broker, always ensure they have the relevant experience and have offices in both countries.

You also have to consider the cost of hiring a customs broker, which should be relatively affordable.

Drop Shipping from South Africa to the USA

Dropshipping allows you to use a third-party shipping agent to import your goods from the USA to South Africa.

The third-party is responsible for the entire shipping from the manufacturer to your premises in the USA.

It is advantageous since you don’t have control of the importation process.

You, therefore, concentrate on other aspects of your business, such as searching for potential clients.

How to find a Reliable Freight Forwarder for Shipping from South Africa to the USA

Finding a reliable freight forwarder for your shipping from South Africa to the USA involves the following:

Experience

A freight forwarder’s experience in shipping goods from South Africa to the USA indicates their reliability.

Such forwarder knows the best shipping companies, best shipping routes and understands how to deal with clients.

Services

The right forwarder should have all the services you need to ship your goods from South Africa to the USA.

Such services inclu.de warehousing, logistics, and packaging of your cargo.

This reduces the number of people you have to contact to facilitate the shipping of your goods.

Networking

Having a freight forwarder who has contacts with the best manufacturers and warehousing providers facilitates a smooth shipment of goods.

You can ask if they have offices both in South Africa and the USA.

Always go for a forwarder who has adequate networking that you require for shipping your goods from South Africa to the USA

Cost

The price a particular forwarder offers for their services can help you determine which forwarder to use.

The price should be pocket friendly and one that incorporates all the services that you require.

However, you need to ensure the services are of quality such that it does not compromise the price they offer.

License

There are many quack freight forwarders who, when dealing with them, only end up in tears.

To prevent this, you have to request your forwarder to show evidence of their license to validate their function.

This prevents you from dealing with unregistered forwarders in the long run.

Conclusion

From the guide, you understand it is easy to ship your goods from South Africa to the USA.

All you need is to pay attention to the details of your shipping.

Go ahead now and make use of this guide in your shipping.

For any questions or inquiry, contact Tj chinafreight now.

If you have ever shipped a package, then you might have come across the term ‘blank sailing’.

Here are satisfying answers to your questions on blank sailing.

What is Blank Sailing in Shipping Terms?

In shipping, vessels usually have a specific route they follow.

They pass through certain ports at scheduled dates and times.

Blank sailing occurs when a ship either skips a port or the entire string of ports.

Blank sailing, also known as void sailing, usually occurs when a carrier cancels a vessel’s sailing from one port or through ports.

When the shipping vessel either avoids one port or foregoes the whole journey, it is known as blank sailing.

Why does Blank Sailing happen?

While blank sailing is not a very welcome development amongst shippers and carriers, it is unavoidable sometimes.

Some of the reasons why blank sailing occurs sometimes are as follows:

• Shipping vessels usually have a scheduled time to depart and arrive at their destination. In situations where there is a delay at one port, blank sailing occurs due to some reason or the other.

The ship might avoid docking at some ports, to meet up with their scheduled arrival time.

• Blank sailing also occurs when shipping companies reduce the number of sailings per week. In this instance, skipping ports and even strings is unavoidable, so there will be blank sailing.
• Blank sailing happens when there is a rescheduling of sailing strings.

When carrier companies reschedule sailing strings, there is a transition time during which there will be some blank sailings.

• Several other uncertainties and unforeseen circumstances like unfavorable weather conditions could lead to blank sailing occurring.
• Major holidays are also a contributing factor to the occurrence of blank sailing.

The number of people shipping things after some holidays is usually low.

• When there is a merger or alliance between shipping companies, the companies could create new policies.

The merger could lead to a change in the sailing strings, leading to blank sailing.

• If the cargo load for a particular port is too little to be significant, blank sailing could occur at that port.

The shipping line could decide to bypass that port due to the insignificant cargo load at that port.

What are the Less Common Reasons for a blank sailing to occur

Some of the less common reasons for blank sailing are:

• Delays caused by strikes at the port
• A shipping vessel might develop problems that they can fix only at specific ports. This malfunction could lead to blank sailing as the ship getting necessary repairs, usually means bypassing some ports.
• In situations where demands for shipping vessels are low, companies could plan blank sailings to boost demand.

What Happens to your Shipment if there is a Blank Sailing?

Once your cargo has been packed and readied at the port for shipping, you cannot change your mind about shipping it.

If blank sailing occurs when your shipment is already en-route, there might be a delay in its arrival time.

You might want to offload your goods and transfer them to another vessel, though this would cost you extra.

If you have already shipped your products and the ship has blank sailing, there’s not a lot you can do.

What is a Service Sailing in Shipping?

Service sailing refers to a shipping line’s regular shipping schedule through the same ports, over and over again.

Also, the service sailings usually occur weekly, and there are fixed days of arrival and departure at different ports.

Service sailing is like clockwork. The ships sail through the same routes at the exact times.

How does Blank Sailing Affect your Shipment?

Suppose the vessel on which you shipped your goods has a blank sailing, the arrival time of your shipment changes.

Your shipment could be loaded on a different ship with another departure and arrival time.

Sometimes this could cause worry and anxiety to the importer as the change in schedule is usually sudden.

How does Blank Sailing Influence Container shipping?

When there’s blank sailing at a port, it simply means there will be no shipments from that port for that duration.

This development means that there will be a reduction in the number of containers shipping out that period.

If you wanted to send out your shipment, and there’s blank sailing, it stalls your business.

How do you know if there’s a Blank Sailing?

The shipping line usually announces blank sailings on their schedule, to enable importers to know how to maneuver around it.

When a particular port is affected by blank sailing, the sailing schedule clearly shows it.

Who issues Blank Sailing Notice?

The shipping line issues a blank sailing notice.

How can Blank Sailing affect your Business?

When a port is affected by blank sailing, it automatically means the cancellation of all shipments from that port.

Sometimes, even if you do not transfer the loads to a different vessel, there might still be some arrival delays.

Here are some of the ways blank sailing can affect your business:

• Perishable goods would either have to be condemned or transferred quickly to a different transport vessel.

If your shipment of perishables is affected by blank sailing, it obviously will not get to you in time to be useful.

• Some production companies do not bring in raw materials in bulk. These companies import only enough raw materials for a particular batch of production.

If such a company’s raw material shipment is affected by blank sailing, production will stop or slow down.

When the demand for a company’s finished products is high, they might lose customers and money in effect.

• Shipments are most times held up at ports where blank sailings occur.

When this happens, some importers might import the same goods using an unaffected line.

Sometimes, the new order arrives at the same time as the one involved in blank sailing.

This situation could lead to a lack of storage facilities for the goods.

• Some people might then have to sell off their goods at a cheaper rate for want of space.
• Let’s say there is an event slated to hold on the twenty-fir^st of February, and you ordered some equipment.

Assuming you shipped equipment on the seco^nd of February and the equipment was supposed to arrive on the ten^th of February.

Due to blank sailing, it comes on the twenty-fif^th of February.

At this point, the purpose for it is no longer necessary, and it becomes a frivolity.

This unforeseen circumstance might cause disruptions in event plans and activities.

It could also lead to the importer losing money as his product is useless when it arrives.

• General delay on arrival time, could lead to the importer losing his customer base. Customers might ask for a refund from the importer if their goods do not get to them on time.
• The frequent occurrence of blank sailing could put a small business out of business.

For a small production business operating from one consignment to the other, blank sailing proves fatal.

If the importer does not have any raw material in storage, and its shipment gets affected many times, bankruptcy might be inevitable.

• Blank sailing causes businesses to lose money as they sometimes need to organize an alternative transport for their goods.

Alternative transportation, especially when there is a blank sailing, is usually expensive.

What should you do About Blank Sailing?

Blank sailings can be frustrating to importers, no matter what they are importing.

If blank sailing affects your consignment, you can do the following:

• Firstly, you need to think smart. You might be worried and fretful, but the best option is to calm down and re-strategize.

There is no use moping and worrying, so you have to jump to action immediately.

You cannot do much about blank sailing, but try to make an effort.

• Contact your freight forwarder to know what other options are available to you.

Your forwarder is more informed about sailing schedules and the availability of alternative shipping vessels.

• Consider a different mode of transportation for your goods. If you need your shipment to get to you urgently, you should transfer your load to air freight.

It would cost you more money, but in the long run, it might be saving your business.

What can you do to Negate the Effects of Blank Sailing?

Most times, shipping companies inform their customers of blank sailings when it is almost impossible to do anything about it.

Due to this reason, customers have to be proactive and plan for such occurrences.

Below are some of the steps you could take to counter the effects of blank sailing:

• Always have safe storage of raw materials. This storage is essential for production companies in particular.

Having some raw materials stored away ensures that production continues, even if your shipment is affected by blank sailing.

• Always communicate with your carrier agents and freight forwarders.

Communication would help you to stay informed about probable blank sailings or schedule changes.

• It is always safer for a business to have alternative transport arrangements on standby. This way, you ensure that in the case of blank sailing, your goods would still get to you in good time.

Although air freight is more expensive, making this arrangement helps businesses retain their customer base.

This arrangement will prove quite beneficial for shipments that are urgent or perishable.

Do Blank Sailings Affect Carriers?

The answer is yes! Carriers are also affected by blank sailings.

The effect on them is sometimes positive as blank sailing leads to an increase in shipping rates.

It could also be harmful because frequent blank sailings reduce their credibility and their customers’ trust.

Can you Offload Urgent Shipments during Blank Sailing?

Yes, you can offload urgent shipments at the port before you send them off through another route.

This process is very expensive and tedious because you have to pay for moving each container.

It is also a time-consuming process, and you should make sure it is the best option before proceeding.

You would need to contact your freight forwarder to analyze how much it would cost to offload and move shipments.

Do Blank Sailings Affect Shipping Costs?

Yes! Blank sailings affect shipping costs.

Shipping companies most times order blank sailings to increase their profits. T

his order leads to a hike in shipping costs for the importer.

When blank sailings occur, importers might incur extra charges to offload their shipments and change shipping vessels.

When an importer’s shipment is affected, he might switch to air freight, incurring an additional cost in the process.

What Additional Costs Arise due to Blank Sailings?

Some of the extra costs that could arise as a result of blank sailing include:

• Having to offload your goods and move to a different vessel costs extra money
• Ocean freight is a cheaper mode of transport, compared to air freight. If you change the mode of transportation to air freight, it would cost you more.
• Sometimes shipments affected by blank sailing are usually left hanging at the port. The longer the load stays at the port, the more expenses it incurs.
• Shipments that were affected by blank sailing arrive at a later date. Sometimes, their arrival coincides with the arrival of a new shipment.

If this happens, the importer might have to get extra storage space, which costs extra money.

• Perishable goods that have been affected by blank sailing become useless.

This wastage means the importer has to order a new consignment, which means extra cost.

• You might have to pay detention fees. An importer might have to pay extra money for not returning the container to the port within the agreed time.

How do you Avoid Demurrage and Detention Fees in the Event of Blank Sailing?

When an importer ships goods, the carrier gives him some free days to use the container and return it.

After the open days, he pays demurrage and detention fees.

When blank sailing occurs, and shipment is stuck at port, it incurs charges known as demurrage.

Detention fees, on the other hand, apply to containers that the shipper has received.

The longer it takes you to return the container to the port, the more detention fees you pay.

Sometimes due to blank sailing, the free days are already exhausted by the time the goods get to the importer.

When this happens, you have to pay detention charges.

You can avoid demurrage and detention fees by using SOC.

SOC is a   container that the freight forwarder owns.

You can bargain on the amount to pay if you exceed the free days.

This bargain saves you unnecessary demurrage and detention fees.

What are Shipper-owned Containers (SOC)?

Shipper owned containers are containers that belong to the freight forwarder or the person shipping the goods.

The shipper still has to employ the services of a carrier to ship their goods.

What are the Advantages of SOC Containers in Mitigating the Effects of Blank Sailing?

When it comes to blank sailings, using SOC containers proves more advantageous to the importer.

Some of these advantages include:

• Carriers sometimes are not willing to give you boxes for shipments to remote locations. When you use SOC containers, you can find the containers by yourself.

This type of container allows you have absolute control over the container supply.

• Using SOC containers gives you freedom in deciding how to use your container.

You could choose to buy it or lease it for whatever duration you need it.

• You are also able to choose in what condition you want the container, when using SOC containers.
• Probably the most crucial advantage is that you avoid unnecessary detention and demurrage costs.
• There is also no rush in the expected time for you to return the container.
• SOC containers also provide you with the option of using a container that you need not return after use. These containers are called cabotage containers.

This process takes away the stress of returning the container after use, since you can sell off the container.

How has COVID19 Impacted Blank Sailing Rates?

COVID19 has increased the number of blanks sailing in the shipping world at the moment.

Shipping vessels now leave the ports almost at their full capacity.

This increase in blank sailing has been due to the reduced demand because of COVID19.

Trade routes from Asia to Europe and Asia to North America have seen the most number of blank sailings this period.

For example, by the first of June 2020, there had been 126 blank sailings from Asia to North America.

These blank sailings happened because of a reduction in demand caused by COVID19.

There were also 94 void sailings on Asia to Europe trade routes, due to the same reason.

Although there is hope that the demand will pick up with time, the number of blank sailings is still more than usual.

Do Carriers Create Blank Sailing Situations Deliberately?

Yes! Carriers sometimes create blank sailing situations to increase their rates.

This situation occurs when there is reduced demand, due to a significant holiday or a pandemic.

What is Rollover in Shipping?

Rollover in shipping means that the carrier did not load your container on the vessel.

Rollover could occur if your shipment does not clear customs at the takeoff port.

Rollover could also be because of blank sailing affecting the ship your shipment should have been on.

If this happens, it is up to your carrier to put your container on the next shipping vessel leaving port.

Rollover also occurs if a vessel already has too much weight load.

A ship having mechanical issues could also lead to your container not being loaded.

If your carrier puts your shipment on another vessel due to a rollover, the shipping company pays any extra cost.

If the rollover is due to issues with customs or documentation, then you bear the brunt of the cost.

What is the Difference Between Rollover and Blank Sailing?

Rollover sometimes might mean you are getting your shipment at a later date.

This is where any comparison between a rollover and blank sailing ends.

There are a lot of differences between a rollover and blank sailing. Here are a few:

 

What are Some Tips for Dealing with Void Sailing?

It can be frustrating to any importer to find out that your shipment was affected by blank sailing.

The most important thing to do if this happens to you is to stay calm and avoid fretting.

Some tips on dealing with blank sailing are:

• Firstly, you need to contact your freight forwarder. Your freight forwarder is more informed about the situation than you are.

This first action would help you determine your next course of action.

• Secondly, you should have a meeting with your management team to bring them up to speed.

You can then discuss what options are available, as recommended by your freight forwarder.

Then choose what is best for your shipment.

• You also need to look into other shipping options at this point. It would be best to consider the cost and other implications of transferring your shipment to air freight.

If no available carriers are going to your destination, this might be the best option for you.

• If your shipment is not so urgent, you should consider waiting for the next ship out. First, make sure you find out the shipping schedule and if it suits you.

You should also consider the demurrage and detention charges involved if you decide to go this route.

Can you Track your Shipment after Blank Sailing?

Yes, you can! Get in touch with your freight forwarder or carrier to know what steps to take.

How can Tj chinafreight help you Reduce the Impact of Blank Sailing?

https://youtu.be/ws8I2JbnVwc

As your freight forwarder, Tj chinafreight makes sure to get your shipment on the next available vessel when blank sailing happens.

Tj chinafreight also provides good airfreight services to ensure that your goods still get to you in good time.

Contact Tj chinafreight today for all your freight forwarding needs from China.

If you are in the business of importation, it is important to know your costs and how they can affect your overall venture.

One of the importation fees that many importers tend to ignore is MPF, which is charged as a user fee.

Although insignificant to some, MPF can be the more frustrating if not well understood.

This guide helps you understand what MPF is, how it is calculated, their effect on your importation business and costs, and many more.

Please read on to avoid frustrations during international shipping.

What is Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)?

MPF stands for Merchandise Processing Fees.

It is levied on imports transported through all modes of transport.

This fee is charged to help mitigate custom’s cost of processing imports and clearing them for entry into the country.

The fee is charged along with other import duties at the time of import.

Why and when to pay MPF

MPF is insignificant when calculated, and many shippers tend to ignore it.

However, it is critical and can lead to delays in your shipment if not paid on time.

MPF is charged on both formal and informal goods.

Whether you are importing goods for commercial reselling or just for personal use, you must pay MPF.

MPF is used to offset your shipment processing cost or to check for trade compliance.

You are supposed to pay MPF after shipping and offloading your goods at the port.

You are given a maximum of 30 days from when your goods are cleared to pay this fee.

How to calculate Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)

In most countries, the MPF fee is ad valorem, which means that the rate (specific to the country) is calculated against the shipment’s value.

For instance, your country may charge MPF at a rate of 0.5% against the shipment’s value.

In this case, the formula for calculating MPF is as follows:

0.5% multiply by shipments value and then divide by 100.

Such that if the value of your shipment is $6000, the calculated MPF will be:

0.5% x $6000= $3000

3000/100 = $30

The calculated MPF, in this case, is $30.

Note that this is only the calculated MPF and not exactly what you will pay to customs as MPF.

Payable MPF will be based on your country’s minimum and maximum MPF fees.

You will learn more about this a little later in this guide.

Conditions applied to Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)

MPF charges on goods vary from one country of importation to the other.

You must understand the rates applicable in your importation country before determining the applicable MPF.

For instance, the USA charges a flat rate MPF fee for shipments valued at more than $2500.

For shipments whose value is less than $2500, the following conditions apply;

• If the import is for personal goods, automatic and not processed by the Customs and Border Patrol, the fee payable is $2
• If the import is for personal use, manual, and not processed by the Customs and Border Patrol, then the fee payable is $6
• If the import is for personal use, manual but processed by the Customs and Border Patrol, then the fee charged is $9

Consequently, if the value of your imported goods exceeds $2500, then you are supposed to pay the calculated MPF plus an additional $3.

If you’re an importer dealing in Agricultural products within FTZ zones, your MPF will be charged based on the total material you use for packaging the product.

Minimum and Maximum MPF Fees

Again, this also depends on the country of importation.

The minimum and maximum MPF fees payable vary from country to country and based on the shipment’s value.

Minimum MPF, note, is the applicable MPF fees charged on goods that do not reach the set value threshold.

Maximum MPF, on the other hand, is placed on goods that exceed the set limit.

To understand this better, let’s use the US as an example again.

The CBP (Customs Border Patrol) charges a minimum MPF of $26.22 and a maximum of $508.70 at a rate of 0.3464%.

Practically, this means that if your shipment value is, say, $6000, the calculated MPF will be $20.78.

I hope you know how we’ve arrived at this figure. It is based on the formula for calculating MPF, as discussed earlier in this guide.

As the calculated MPF is less than the minimum MPF, customs will round off this value to the minimum MPF, $26.22. So you will pay $26.22 and not $20.78.

Likewise, if your calculated MPF exceeds the maximum MPF, customs will round down the figure to Maximum MPF.

Merchandise Processing Fee Exemptions

Imagine paying for the MPF, then, later on, you realize that your products were supposed to be exempted from paying the fee.

Therefore, it pays to understand that not all goods you import attract the MPF.

When your country has a free trade agreement with your importing country, you are exempted by law from paying MPF.

Your goods must meet other importation laws to quality for MPF exemption.

Such goods must:

• Be manufactured in the specific country in which there is a free trade agreement
• Satisfy all other custom border laws on the importation of goods
• Be compliant with laws regarding health and environmental safety

Difference between Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF) and Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF)

If you import via sea freight, most customs require that you pay a Harbor Maintenance Fee (HBF).

It is charged to importers to raise funds for maintaining the country’s harbors in prime condition.

Note that this fee is exclusive to ocean shipments and is charged as a percentage of imported merchandise’s total value.

Unlike MPF, harbor maintenance doesn’t have a minimum or maximum fee.

It should also be clear that HBF is only applicable for imported goods, local shipments, passengers on cruise ships, and FTZs.

Another distinction between HPF and MPF is that the former is charged on all goods that enter the port regardless of whether they are from Free Trade Zones. MPF, on the other hand, exempts imports from Free Trade Zones.

Also, it is pretty hard to avoid paying HMF fees.

As long as you’re importing goods by sea, prepare to pay a certain amount of money as harbor maintenance fees.

Unless, of course, if your country of import does not charge it.

Effect of MPF on International Shipping Costs

Merchandise Processing Fee is a small percentage of the value of goods you import; usually it is at most 1% of a shipment’s value.

This small percentage, however insignificant it may look, counts in the long run.

When calculating the total expenditure on international shipping, MPF plays a role in increasing the figures.

For a business, every increase in expense reduces profits.

You want to keep your profits as high as you can.

Therefore, paying MPF makes you incur compulsory additional expenditures.

As earlier stated, the higher the value of your goods, the higher your MPF will be.

Nonetheless, MPF remains insignificant as compared to other shipping costs.

Ways to Avoid/Reduce your Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)

During international shipping, importers need to know their landed costs.

This helps in evaluating the profitability of importing from overseas.

Landed cost includes;

• Cost of the product
• Packaging cost
• Inspection fees
• Packaging fees
• Insurance
• Freight charges
• Port fees
• Import duty and taxes

MPF fees are usually part of the import duty and taxes, and if importers are not careful, these fees can add up too quickly.

Consequently, this can end up reducing your profit margins and even create a loss in cases where you hadn’t anticipated MPF on your imports.

Remember, the more your business depends on importing goods, the more it will benefit from lowering the overall importation costs.

Being aware of the need to reduce the MPF cost is one important thing.

The challenging part is finding a way actually to reduce MPF or avoid paying altogether.

Below are some helpful tips on how to reduce/avoid Merchandise Processing Fees.

Importing from Free Trade Zones

The discretion when it comes to trade between countries is broadly upheld under Free Trading Zones.

Under FTZ, countries can freely export and import goods without being charged import and export duties.

Importing from FTZ zones helps your business ultimately reduce their cost of shipping and customs clearance.

Moreover, FTZ enables you to save the MPF however little it might look.

Free trading zones include:

• Australia free trading zone
• Africa free trading agreement
• North America free trading agreement
• Israel free trading agreement
• Korea free trade agreement
• Peru trade promotion agreement
• Singapore free trade agreement

The adoption of Free Trading Zones has increased, and many businesses can get to save a lot.

The total amount you will save varies depending on several factors.

You can hire a qualified FTZ consultant to advise you further.

Break or Consolidate Entries

The higher the value of your goods, the more MPF you are to pay.

To reduce this, instead of having your goods shipped in bulk, you can break them to have smaller valued goods that attract low MPF.

However, your calculations should be right before deciding to break your goods. You can end up reducing the MPF but increase your shipping cost.

You should only consider the consolidated shipping option if your calculation serves your saving needs.

Consolidation means shipping smaller quantities of goods together rather than waiting for them to accumulate and ship at once.

With consolidation, you will get to benefit from the Maximum MPF set.

That is, if your goods surpass the Maximum set MPF, you will be charged at a flat rate and hence save more on your importation costs.

Implementing the “Just In Time” Strategy

The purpose of your business is to make sales, and this will vary depending on the season.

Just in time (JIT) strategy allows you to plan on your inventory depending on your customers’ needs.

As an importer, there is no sense in placing huge orders then store them in warehouses because the demand is low.

All you will be attracting is huge expenses either in shipping or storage, which in the long run will reduce profits.

Instead, you can opt only to deliver when your customers demand.

Your shipment under JIT will not only be manageable, but it will also reduce the MPF payable.

Adopting the Weekly Entry

Weekly entry is a strategy that allows your business to save on costs by only filing one customs entry per week.

This means that you will be shipping 24/7 but only paying the maximum entry per week once.

In the long run, at the end of a financial year, your business will have saved a lot of money from MPF.

Nevertheless, weekly entry is only applicable for companies trading under trading zones.

If your business imports from non-free trading zones, you will have to pay MFP for every shipment.

Other than saving on costs, most weekly entries help save on time because they allow electronic processing.

Drawback for Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)

Governments usually issue tax refunds, also known as duty drawback, to importers of a particular type of goods.

Many importers lack the knowledge of what a duty drawback is, leading to a lot of it going unclaimed every financial year.

If your company exports certain types of goods claiming duty drawback would help you a great deal.

Duty drawback is applicable when you import a given product, pay import duty, and then export the product as is.

Or, when you import an article and then use it to manufacturer another product for export.

In this case, a drawback is only applicable if your product directly relates to the output product you export.

Governments offer duty drawback as a strategy to strengthen economic development and eventually industrialization.

Also, duty drawback will help create employment by importing and manufacturing other products for foreign trade.

When it comes to drawbacks for MPF, the government ensures that you and your exporter share the fee.

If you are looking to claim your MPF drawback, this guide on Calculating MPF fees for Drawback may be helpful.

Facts about Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)

There are so many misconceptions and false information regarding the meaning, applicability, and relevance of MPF.

This information is misleading and dangerous to your exporting business.

The following are the facts relating to MPF:

• It is not mandatory to physically avail yourself when paying for MPF.

Nevertheless, when you are not to make the payment in person, you should provide all applicable documents (such as the original bill) that show the particular accounts to which the amount is to be credited.

• Failure to pay for MPF can attract sanctions from the customs of the importing country. Customs can even revoke your rights to import.
• When importing agricultural products, some countries calculate the MPF only based on the shipping container’s value.

However, you must pack the product so that it conforms to the set standards of the importing country.

• Failure to pick your goods in time may accrue MPF because of increased handling at the port.
• Trade agreements between countries affect the application of MPF during importation. You can always check whether your country falls under a Free Trading Zone and the applicable rules in terms of MPF.
• MPF is paid after shipping and when you present your documented importation summary.

However, you are given 30 days from the day of computation to clear your MPF and claim your goods.

• The payment methods are limited, and you should check with the relevant port’s authority before making the payments.
• Underpayments of MPF can lead to an increase in the chargeable interests.
• If importing to the USA, when determining any court’s jurisdictions, MPF shall be treated as customs duty.

How to pay your Merchandise Processing Fees (MPF)

Not all payment methods are applicable for settling MPF.

It will help if you check with the respective personnel at the importing country.

Some commonly accepted payment methods in major countries include;

• Personal checks drawn from valid Banks and directed towards full MPF payments
• Credit cards from reputable banks
• Bankers drafts
• Certified checks drawn from a state bank

Please note;

• You can only pay using personal checks if they are to cover the full amount of the MPF.
• Personal checks are only acceptable when settling MPF on goods for personal use, and a valid customs officer must authorize the credit card.
• Bank checks are only acceptable if they are drawn from certified national banks or foreign recognized reserve banks.

The following payment methods are not applicable when paying for your MPF

• Commercial bill of exchange
• Overseas travelers’ checks
• Foreign checks from other countries

Why you should choose Tj chinafreight China to manage your import shipments

Importing from China is overwhelming regardless of your experience in international business.

You have to get everything right to avoid delays and incurring extra charges because of mistakes made.

Your solution lies in choosing the best partner with vast experience in shipping.

At Tj chinafreight, we endeavor to serve your needs by connecting you with reputable suppliers in china and arranging for shipment.

We have vast experience in importation from China, and our team of professionals is always available 24/7 to answer your problems.

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Contact us today and have us gladly open the doors to China.

If you’re shipping from China or any country using air freight, you will definitely hear the term Airline Terminal Fee.

If you’re wondering what it is all about or, you’d like to learn more about it, then this guide has an answer for you.

Keep reading.

What is Airline Terminal Fee (ATF)?

Airline terminal fee is an amount charged by the airline authorities for airfreight handling.

It is charged both at the departure and destination airport depending on the airline policies.

Airports authorities do charge this fee for the use and maintenance of airport infrastructures and services.

They include bonded warehouses, labor (stevedoring), lifting equipment, wharf, containers, etc.

When is Airline Terminal Fee Applied?

Airline terminal fee is applicable to all airlines both passenger and cargo flights.

The fee is charged depending on the facilities used such as cargo handling areas, bonded warehouse, labor, etc.

Why do Airlines Charge Airline Terminal Fee?

Each airline is charged by the airport authorities for the terminal space they occupy and this increases cost of doing business.

In order to keep the business afloat, the airlines transfer part of the terminal fee to their airfreight customers.

Is Airline Terminal Fee the same as Terminal Handling Charges?

Yes.

Airline terminal fee and terminal handling charges are the same thing as they are both charged for use of airport infrastructure.

Origin terminal handling charge (OTHC) is applicable at the local airport of departure.

Conversely, the destination terminal handling charge (DTHC) is applied at the destination airport.

What does Airline Terminal Fees Include?

Airline terminal fees cover cargo services such as weighing, storing, inspection of goods, provision of documents for clearance, etc.

This also includes; unloading of goods from arrival container and loading to the transfer vessel.

What is an Origin Airline Terminal Fee?

Origin airline terminal fees is payable at the airport of departure of the cargo.

This caters for weighing, goods inspection, provision of shipping documents and loading into the flight.

This cost is paid as per the incoterm rules applied in the contract.

How does Airline Terminal Fee work?

Airline terminal fee is regulated by national authorities of the respective country irrespective of type of airport ownership.

The charging system is charges based on the service and facilities to be used by the aircraft at the airport.

This common standardization eliminates discrimination of certain airlines in certain airports in terms of charges.

Therefore, a cargo aircraft will pay for cargo related terminal fees whilst passenger aircraft pays for passenger terminal fees.

Who pays Airline Terminal Fees?

The seller or the buyer can each pay for the airline terminal fees for the same shipment but at different airports.

This payment is guided by the incoterms applicable for the airfreight being shipped.

For instance, Ex-Works shipment are paid for by the buyer for both load and destination airport.

Incoterms such as Carriage Paid To (CPT) has the seller pay for ATF at the departure airport and seller at the destination airport.

It is important to understand the terms of the contract to avoid double or unexpected airline terminal fees.

How do you Calculate Airline Terminal Fees?

The airline terminal fees calculation is dependent on a number of variables. These include:

• Type of airplane
• Airplane weight
• Arrival and departure time
• Origin and destination airports
• Transfer/transit costs
• Weight of cargo
• Noise level
• Security charges
• Landing and takeoff charges
• Emission charges
• Parking charges

Do you need to Pay Airline Terminal Fee at the Airport?

The payment of the airline terminal fees depends on the policy of the airport.

Some airports include it in the freight forwarding invoice fee.

If it’s not included in the freight forwarding invoice then you will pay directly to both origin and the destination airports.

These payments can be done using credit cards, online or by cheque to offer flexibility for the customers.

How do you Pay for Airline Terminal Fees?

Airline terminal fees can be included in the freight forwarding invoice for your shipment or be paid directly to the airport authority.

Freight forwarders do not add their margins on this cost thus you can check the respective airport website and pay.

Is Airline Terminal Fee Refundable?

Yes.

When you pay for the airline terminal fee and you do not ship by airfreight, you are eligible for a refund.

This is only done upon providing a proof of airfreight payment.

Do you need to Pay Airline Terminal Fee even after Paying Import Duties and Taxes?

Yes.

Duties and taxes are charged on goods being imported and exported as per their respective harmonized tariff schedule per country.

On the other hand, airline terminal fee is charged for cargo handling at the airport.

How do you now if Airline Terminal Fees are included in your Freight Charge?

Airline terminal fees may be included in the cumulative air freight cost or charged separately depending on the delivery type.

Door-to-door shipping aggregates all the costs involved and provide in one invoice whereas other delivery methods separate them.

It is important to understand the airfreight quotations provided to you before embarking on cargo shipment.

Where the costs are not clearly indicated, the freight forwarders can explain to you to avoid incurring unanticipated costs.

Are there Exemptions for Airline Terminal Fee?

No.

Airline terminal fee is a mandatory charge on all airlines both signatories and non-signatories provided they are using the airport infrastructure.

This cost goes into the maintenance of the infrastructure in question such as runways, storage, equipment and payment of labor.

The airlines in turn, pass this cost to their customers in airfreight costs for cargo flights at a certain rate.

What Conditions Apply for Airline Terminal Fees?

Airline terminal fees should be guided by the following conditions:

• The airline terminal fee charging system should be simple for general application at various international airports.
• Airline terminal fees should be non-discriminatory to both national and foreign users who provide similar cargo services.
• The fees should not be imposed in a way that discourage users from using the airport facilities and services.
• Any increase of charges should be introduced gradually to avoid discouraging users and communicated in advance.

Some cases may not allow the gradual introduction and that is understandable.

• Airport authorities should be flexible to accommodate the different airport facilities users.
• The charges should be consolidated in one invoice to the airlines where the services are managed by different entities.

The revenues can thereafter be distributed to individual entities after collection from airline.

Are Airline Terminal Fees applicable in Express Shipping?

Yes.

This is paid to the freight forwarding company as part of the express services fee.

Who Collects Airline Terminal Fees?

Airline Terminal fees is collected by the authorized terminal officials at respective airports.

When the carrier finishes customs clearance procedure for export of goods they can collect the fee before issuing bill of lading.

Upon the destination airport, the carrier can collect the ATF from the buyer as they issue the delivery order.

In some instances, the freight forwarder may collect the fee on your behalf when they include it in their freight invoices.

This is common with door-to-door delivery services.

What is the Relationship between Air Terminal Fees and Incoterms?

Incoterms are globally recognized rules that clearly stipulate the roles of buyer and seller in the shipping of goods.

They outline who is supposed to pay for insurance, documentation, shipping costs, manage shipment and logistics.

Understanding the incoterms in your airfreight shipping contract will determine who pays for the airline terminal fees and at what point.

Common Incoterms include: EX-Works (EXW), Carriage Insurance Paid (CIP), Carriage To Paid (CTP), Delivery Duty Paid (DDP), Free On Board (FOB).

EXW requires the buyer to pay for the ATF for the departure and destination airport.

The other incoterms require seller to pay at departure and seller at destination airport respectively.

What other Fees are Associated with International Shipping Cost?

International shipping comes with a lot of costs besides the airline terminal fees.

Such costs include:

Freight Associated Charge

This is the cost of shipping cargo by airfreight.

This is arrived at by calculating the volume and weight of the goods

Carrier Related Fees

Are the small surcharges added to cover for the fluctuating fuel prices and spaces shortage due peak season.

They include: BAF, CAF, PSS and lesser-known carrier-related fees.

• Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) covers for fuel cost and is charged by the airline to cushion them against fluctuating fuel prices
• Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF) this takes care of the exchange rates risks of one currency to another. It is usually a percentage of the air freight cost.
• Peak Season Surcharge (PSS) covers the increase is shipping demand to cater for operational costs which also go up.

Zone Specific Fees

Different airports charge different rates depending on their ranking.

For instance; London Heathrow has higher charges than New York airport.

Delay Fees

This is applicable beyond the allowed free time.

They are incurred due to customs holds, congestion at the airports and warehouses, etc.

They are in form of demurrages, detention, warehouse fees, etc.

Taxes and Duties

Taxes and duties are normally charged on the goods being shipped depending on their value and HS category.

Taxes such as value added tax are charged at a percentage of the total customs value declared.

Duties are a fixed percentage on goods value for different classes.

Customs Fees

This fee is charged for the verification of documents of goods shipped before they can be cleared for entry.

It is normally a small fee compared to other costs and may go up when goods are taken for inspection.

Destination Charges

These are applicable at the destination airport hence are also referred to as local fees.

They may include; security fees, cargo data entry fee, handover fee, etc.

Documentation Fees

This caters for paperwork needed for your cargo to be shipped from one airport top the next.

Bill of lading is one such document which must be paid for before it is issued.

Cargo Insurance

This is need to cover for unforeseen risks involved in shipping of merchandise and handling.

While the airline legally covers for shipping insurance, it is never enough, thus you are required to insure your cargo separately.

Additional Fees

This caters for unexpected costs that may arise as well as optional services such as packing and many others.

Can you Prepay Airline Terminal Fees?

Yes.

The charges for airline terminal fees can be accessed on their website by shippers and buyers at their convenience.

Once they have their cargo data, they can use the calculator to determine the ATF and pay in advance.

Some countries have a prepaid policy at the departure airport thus forcing prepayment for the destination airport as well.

What is the Impact of Airline Terminal Fee on Airfreight Costs?

Introduction of airline terminal fee besides the normal airfreight costs increases the overall shipping costs of goods by airline.

Secondly, airfreight cost is generally high thus adding extra costs such as airline terminal fee has made it rarely used shipping option.

What is Airline Terminal Fee Calculator?

The airline terminal fee calculator is the process of generating the cost chargeable for an airline to use an airport.

In order to calculate the airline terminal fees certain factors must be considered such as:

• Type of aircraft
• Time of operations; landing and take-off (day or night)
• Freight size and weight
• Full load capacity
• Parking time length
• Terminal facilities to use (cargo or passenger),
• Duties & taxes
• Noise category, etc.
• Currency

All these data must be considered in order to arrive at an ATF.

Is Airline Terminal Fee the same for all Airports?

No.

The airline terminal fee is not the same for all airports.

The charges vary from one airport to another even when they are located within the same country.

Different airports charge differently based on various cost variables such as warehousing, electricity, security, and value of goods being exported.

The airports then transfer the expenses to the customers so as to recover for the costs of handling goods.

Terminal fee can be charged based terms of delivery signed by the seller and buyer.

The fee is either payable at the origin or destination of goods.

Can you deduct Airline Terminal Fee on Shipping Cost?

That will depend on the nature of the invoice provided by the airline.

For some invoices, the airline terminal fee is included in the overall shipping cost making it hard to separate the cost.

However, some airlines, do charge the terminal fee on its own thus one can deduct it from shipping cost.

I hope this guide has covered everything you need to know about airline terminal fee.

However, in case you have any question about air terminal fee or air freight from China, Tj chinafreight team is here to help – contact us now.

Probably, you’d like to know the vital aspects of airway bill.

Let’s say – why you need it, how it looks, the importance or content, among other vital aspects.

That’s why this guide digs deeper into the ultimate questions frequently asked by the now professional in the field.

Your questions regarding Airwaybill are covered in this article.

What’s an Air Waybill?

An Air Waybill is a lawfully joining document or paper that gives information concerning shipped goods and gives information in detail on the:

• Content of the shipment
• Terms and conditions for the consignment
• Recipient, and other information.

A carrier or agent issues an Air Waybill, and the International Air Transport Association(IATA) distributes it.

What does an Airway Bill look like?

Consider an Air Waybill, also called a dispatch note or a shipment note, as a consigner or sender’s receipt.

It plays or acts as proof of the carriage’s contract from one airport to the other with the involvement of three parties;

• Airline
• Sender
• Recipient
• Air waybill becomes an enforcement contract once the shipper and the Carrier sign it.

Below is how an air waybill looks like.

Make sure that when filling the document, you fill it out clearly and accurately.

How does an AirWaybillWork?

You’ve probably wondered how this legal document works!

What are some of its functions?

The functions of Air Waybill include:

• Custom declaration
• Contract information among all parties
• Tracking of shipment
• Freight bill
• It describes goods being shipped
• Contract of carriage between Carrier and shipper
• Acts as a guide for delivering and handling goods
• You can use it to track your shipment
• Acts as evidence of goods by an airline

Is an AirWaybill a Bill of Lading?

Both documents share a lot in common.

However, an Air Waybill is different from a bill of lading.

In as much as the AWB (Air Waybill) and the BoL (Bill of Lading) share similarities, the two have distinct features that set them apart.

Both documents are essential when conducting international trade.

Please don’t confuse the two forms.

Having read about their functions as they are both legal documents between the Carrier and the shipper.

Which provides details on how to handle goods, details of the goods, and the destination they are headed to.

The main dissimilarity or difference between an Air Waybill and a BL is the Title to goods.

A BL or bill of lading acknowledges the shipment firm’s items with a treaty to distribute the properties at the endpoint or destination only to the party the Bill of Lading is delivered.

It’s a document of title to goods.

An AWB is a note of items by an agent or Carrier revealing the distribution location.

An AWB is a fixed instrument, while a BLisan unfixed instrument.

People use the bill of lading in sea shipment while an Air Waybill, just like the name suggests, is used air shipment.

When are these documents issued?

Air Waybill is issued after complete shipment is received, while a bill of lading is given after the consignment is shipped on a vessel.

The Air Waybill is given in a set of more than six copies, three original and the rest copies, whereas the BL is offered in six copies: half are original, and the other half are copies.

What’s the Use of an AWB (Air Waybill)?

AWB is a lawfully joining paper that acts as evidence of receipt of items or goods.

This proof usually comes from the issuing authority.

Who issues AWB?

Air carriers of goods will issue you with an Air Waybill on receipt of goods after completing the country’s export customs formalities.

Shippers only receive an AWB after delivering the goods to them.

Unlike a bill of lading, an individual will send an air waybill, and the goods since the goods arrive using air and transportation period is not as much as sea delivery.

This is done to immediately refer to transportation and trade-in duties clearance at the terminus point.

Who is Responsible for the Completion of the Air Waybill?

To qualify as a lawful contract or agreement, the Carrier or its legal agent and the shipper or agent must sign it.

Though similar organizations or individuals may act in place of the shipper and the Carrier, the air waybill must have more than one signature.

Of course each in the respective Carrier and transporter packages.

How do you Get an Air Waybill?

You can get an Air Waybill through issuers such as a transporter or the representative representing the transporter.

The AWB has details such as the supplier’s details, recipient and shipment contents, terms and conditions under which the exchange or trade happens, and other vital information.

What’s an AWB Number?

An AWB number involves an 11-digit number used to track your shipment on its journey.

The eleven-digit number can be used to check the delivery status, current position of the shipment, and make bookings.

The eleven-digit numbers consist of:

• The airline prefix. They are usually the first three digits.

Every Airline has a three-digit number, but the International Air Transport Association makes it easy for you to identify which Airline has been given your document.

• The subsequent 7 digits are called the running numeral (s), which each stands for every shipment.
• Check digit: the name for the final number.

How do you get the Air WaybillNumber?

You can get an Air Waybill number on your cargo document or any message sent by the agents you have used to ship your goods.

In any case, an individual has none of these; he or she can contact or communicate with the delivery firm and request them for the Airway Bill digit of one’s consignment.

You will have to answer some questions and provide them with your shipment’s information to be given the AWB number on request.

What are the Different Types of Airway Bill?

There are two types of Air Waybill:

Neutral Airway Bill

Neutral Air Waybill (NAWB), is also known as a shipment note.

It is an acknowledgment which an International Airline for goods issues and acts as proof of the carriage agreement but not a paper to the goods’ name.

It is the most crucial document you’ll use as a transporter, either directly or via a legal representative.

It is a fixed paper that includes the transit of goods from one airport to another.

Airline Specific Airway Bill

This’s an official paper that goes with goods that an International Courier ships to permit tracking.

It is a legal document enforceable by law that serves as an acknowledgment of cargo by an Airline and a carriage agreement between transporter and a shipper.

What areAir Waybill’s Format and Features?

There are a total of eight copies of an air waybill, each with its color codes and uses.

The 1^st 3 copies are called original bills, and the others are known as copies.

The 1^stthree are original:

• The 1^st original (Green) the issuing transporter’s duplicate
• The 2^nd (Pink) the copy of the consignee
• The 3rd (Blue) the duplicate or copy of the shipper

Air Waybill Tracking Number

EachAir Waybill which a carrier issues have a distinct eleven-digit Air Waybill number.

This digit aids you follow the packs and maintains a tab on all the advances along with the several trading ways.

The shipping firm will only recognize your shipment by its Airway Bill digit once issued.

Is AWB the same as the Tracking Number?

Yes.

AWB is commonly known as your tracking number.

It contains barcoding and a 12-digit number, and all the package information used to track your shipment on its journey.

How do you Track an Airway Bill Number?

This is how it works:

• Air Cargo usually come in the format of a prefix and number (For example, 333-24343573)
• The first three digits indicate the Airline to allocate the shipment. It is used to send a request to the correct Airline automatically.
• On the status of the consignment tracking, click “Track.” Then click “To Airline,” and you’ll be taken to the corresponding freight airline website.

What is a Master Airway Bill?

A Master AWBdocument is the primary transporter or shipping firm signs and issues when they receive freight forwarders’ goods.

This document contains the cargo’s details to be transported, the cargo’s content, and routes, among others.

How can you Check a MasterAirway Bill?

This is how it works:

• Air Cargo usually come in the format of a prefix and number (For example, 333-24343573)
• The first three digits indicate the Airline to allocate the shipment. It is used to send a request to the correct Airline automatically.
• On the status of the consignment tracking, click “Track.” Then click “To Airline,” and you’ll be taken to the corresponding freight airline website.

Is an Airway Bill Negotiable?

An Air Waybill is a non-negotiable instrument.

Therefore, they do not transfer the ownership of goods from one party to another—instead, they act as proof for receipt.

Why is an Airway Bill Non-negotiable?

Unlike BLS, they don’t hand over the cargo’s ownership and are just the receipt’s proof.

What’s House AWB?

House Airway bill is a document that a freight forwarder issues to a shipper.

This is after getting a delivery to verify that the forwarder ships the shipper’s cargo to an agreed labeled or named place.

The shipping procedure begins from the transporter to the forwarding agent.

Besides, the forwarder then delivers the Carrier’s cargos.

The forwarder issues the HAWN on the receipt of the goods from the shipper.

What’s the Dissimilarity between House Airway Bill and Master AWB?

A House AWBis a paper that a forwarder issues on receipt of cargos from a transporter deciding or agreeing to ship items at a given location.

Master AWB is a document in which the primary transporter of goods issues on receipt of cargos from a forwarder to transport according to the Contract or Agreement.

Can you Check Air Cargo Status using an Airway Bill Number?

To check your cargo status, you will need to visit the airline’s air cargo tracking site and obtain the AWB number for your shipment.

Insert the number, then click “Track” to check your air cargo status.

What is an Original paper, Air Waybill?

It is a 1-page document that has important details which the International Air Transport Association designs and distributes.

It is used in local and foreign shipping.

The form comes in more than six sets of colors, with the 1^st-3 three being original:

• 1st original (Green) the issuing transporter’s duplicate
• 2^nd (Pink) the copy of the consignee
• 3^rd (Blue) the copy of the shipper

What is the Significance of Original Paper, Air Waybill?

The following are the uses of the original AWB copy;

• For accounting Carrier’s purposes
• It can facilitate declarations
• It can be a certificate of insurance

How do you Fill Out an AWB?

It’s also called the shipment note and provides critical information about the shipping from the Carrier.

You can use AWB to track your shipment.

It is a joining document between you and the Carrier and needs clarity and accuracy when filling out the form.

Whichever way you choose to go, either typing or handwriting, make sure your words are easy to read and legible on all copies to enable your Carrier to conduct a smooth delivery.

Start with the necessary information such as date, phone number, company’s name, tax ID, among others.

You can add your receiver’s details on the AWB document.

However, it is crucial to note that if your country accepts post address.

If it is an international shipment, it is important to include; general description, Hs code, value, and declare if your dangerous shipping goods.

Make sure you fill out the delivery services. Select among the options provided in the AWB.

Filling in the bill sections depends on who is paying the carrier freight charges.

Add your account number if you are handling the shipment.

Otherwise, add the receiver’s account, and he or she will be responsible or accountable for the shipping cost when the goods arrive.

You must consult the receiver on this to avoid any inconveniences.

Finally, a company representative must sign the AWB to authenticate it.

Is Air Waybill a Document of Title?

Air Waybill is the document given by the air carrier on receiving your goods. It’s not a title’s document.

Nevertheless, one can set it in a way as to take it as a documentary title.

After preparation of AWB to treat as a document of title, it can be treated as a document of title, and you can use it to transfer goods from one person to another.

It can also be used under DP terms of payment after making it as a document of Title.

However, you should note that an Air Waybill cannot be used as a document of the Title without going through the special process.

Is there an e-AWB (Electronic-Air Waybill)?

Yes.

Electronic AWB, e-AWB, or e-Air Waybill is a kind of paper AWB that includes the carriage agreement between the transporter and the forwarder.

It came into existence in 2010, and it became the normal carriage contract for every air goods shipment in January 2019.

What are the Benefits of e-AWB?

“e-AWB” is the term that the International Air Transport Association uses to describe or explain the switch of EDI (electric data messages) to replace a paper AWB.

This is when it comes to terminating the carriage’s agreement or contract.

Benefits of employing an electronic Air Waybillare:

Improves accuracy: With the electronic Air Waybill, information comes from the freight forwarder, ensuring the data is right and updated.

It also allows representatives to make final moments alterations to the information presented before the goods arrive at the base.

Increase productivity: Electronic Air Waybill reduces or eliminates data redundancy or redundant data entry.

It also benefits all the parties big time.

This is because it eliminates waiting time since the parties involved can have the right information faster and move goods according to the schedule.

Quicker communication and processing: It quickens the clearance procedure at duties or customs, permitting transporters and freight forwarders to send and get related data ahead of the goods’ arrival.

Electronic Air Waybill can lessen the entire cycle period by up to twenty-four hours.

Reduce costs: By reducing document processing, storage cost, document transference:

• To and from the freight forwarder to the Airline
• From a storage warehouse to flight

So basically, an electronic Air Waybill cuts all the costs involved.

How does an Electronic Airway Billrelate to Paper Airway Bill?

IATA used paper Air Waybill before the introduction of e-AWB in 2010.

Though paper Air Waybill is still in use, IATA, in most cases, uses the e-AWB nowadays.

Both paper Air Waybill and the electric version communicate the same information.

The big difference is that the electric air waybill is in softcopy while the paper air waybill is hard.

How does Electronic Airway Bill Function?

There’re two choices or options to include the electronic Air Waybill procedure into daily freight operations:

The first one is DCRD (Deferred Cargo Receipt Delivery) Option:

Step 1: The shippers and transporters have to sign an electronic Air Waybill contract prior to applying the electronic Air Waybill.

It’s advocated for this procedure to be done at the commercial HQS level.

This is to facilitate the administrative problem of having several electronic Air Waybill agreements locally.

Step 2: Mover relays FWB electronic information to transporter preceding presenting the consignment

Step 3:Moveroffers the consignment to transporter coming before the flight exit

Step 4:The transporter agrees to take the consignment as “Freight on Hand.”

Step 5:The transporter gives the mover a “Warehouse Receipt.”

For this option’s purposes, the Warehouse Receipt will be considered an acting cargo acknowledgment or receipt.

Which the parties will use until the Carrier can give the EDI based “Cargo Receipt” described in the following step (Step 6).

Step 4: Carrier agrees to consignment in their organization or system as “Ready for Carriage.”

Step 5: The transporter promptly sends FSU/RCS electronic information to the mover, ending the Cargo Contract

Step 6: The transporter or Carrier makes the Cargo Receipt, the paper evidence of an agreement, available upon the shipper’s request.

Immediate Cargo Receipt Delivery’ Option is the Second Choice:

Step 1: Both participants have to sign an electronic Air Waybill Contract before applying the electronic Air Waybill.

This should occur once at a Commercial Level to avoid several electronic Air Waybill Contracts produced nearby)

Step 2:Mover sends FWB electronic information to the transporter or Carrier preceding offering the consignment

Step 3: Shipper or mover offers the consignment to the Carrier preceding flight exit

Step 4: Carrier agrees to the consignment in their organization as “Ready for Carriage.”

Step 5: Carrier promptly sends FSU/RCS electronic information to the mover or shipper, ending the Cargo Agreement (Look at Section 25)

Step 6:The transporter gives the shipper a paper document as the contract’s proof.

What is the Relationship between ElectronicAirway Bill and Electronic Freight?

International convention and local law permit, Airlines, and forwarders are free to apply the electronic Air Waybill outside of electronic freight.

For example, every freight forwarder with all allowable trade paths (even though it’s not yet an International Air Transport Association e-freight trade path).

This is also in situations where the freight forwarder is not yet participating in the International Air Transport Association e-freight)

The IATA e-cargo has the power to replacement of the paper air waybill.

Nevertheless, until currently, and owing to the lack of an e-AWB standard, the International Air Transport Association e-freight got applied with the paper AWB.

Getting transferred between the transporter and the mover at origin as the contract’s evidence.

The paper AWB got sent in an electronic form from the source to the last stop, not moved with the consignment but produced upon request or demand.

With the new electronic Air Waybill Agreement, full removal of paper AWB is possible for International Air Transport Association e-freight consignments.

For the remainder of 2011 and 2010, the electronic Air Waybill application is non-compulsory for e-freight members.

At the start of 2012, the electronic Air Waybill will be compulsory for all e-freight consignments on the International Air Transport Association e-freight trade paths.

Can you Print your Air Waybill?

Yes. Some agents require sellers to print their air waybill (AWB) to improve their order’s fulfillment process.

This enhances flexibility on the sellers’ side since they don’t have to rely on the couriers’ timing.

To streamline and speed up the order fulfillment process, some companies like Shopee will require sellers to print their Airwaybill (AWB).

Sellers can now print their air waybills bearing the order details from the site.

The new feature will enable you to download all air waybills of your booked orders as a seller in the correct, ready-to-print A6 format accepted by partners of Shopee.

Should you Print a Paper AWB at the Period of Freight Acceptance as the Contract’s Proof?

The idea is a paperless AWB for the shipment’s full life cycle.

Point to take into consideration: If a member decides to use the form of an Air Waybill as a Warehouse Receipt, any reference or mentions to the contract’s condition shall be overlooked and thought as null and invalid.

To avoid confusion, when using the paper AWB that the form should have a clear or transparent suggestion on its appearance that it’s a “Warehouse Receipt” only.

Where can you Implement ElectronicAir Waybill?

Business operations change with technology change.

The electronic air waybill, is introduced for the traditional paper documents used for air shipments in dangerous goods.

With a few exclusions which International Air Transport Association has endorsed, the electronic Air Waybill should only be applicable on trade lanes.

Or paths where the source and the endpoint nations have endorsed a similar.

The Montreal Convention 1999 (MC99) altered the Warsaw Convention.

These agreements give a secure legal foundation and adequate information for electronic Air Waybill and electronic freight.

Native DutiesAuthority has to either agree or accept a printout of the electronic air waybill or electronic air waybill itself.

The airline industry is looking forward to replacing the use of paper entirely.

Given Which Conditions can your Consignmentbe Treated as Electronic Air Waybill?

Your consignment can be treated as an electronic Air Waybill.

This is when goods being shipped are dangerous goods or on an Agreement between the forwarder and the Carrier, and the receiver.

Can you ship special cargo using e-AWB?

Yes, you can do e-AWB for special cargo so long as you provide all the necessary documents.

Can e-AWB be used in countries where e-signature is not authorized?

Yes. The law for the multilateral e-AWB Agreement is a Swiss law.

This law provides the same legal validity for e-signature as for handwritten signatures.

The Agreement can be executed using an e-signature regardless of the location of the freight forwarder.

How do I find My Air Waybill Number?

To track your shipment, put the 3-digit airline code together with the 8-digit AWB number (For instance, 02673585415) for each consignment you would like to trace.

After inserting numbers, click the trace key to begin your search.

Do one need to Inform your Local Customs when Implementing the e-AWB?

The source and destination nations are live with International Air Transport Association e-freight.

Therefore, you do not have to reach out to your native duties authority to notify them of your intents.

In the case that they are non-electronic freight nations, the legal surrounding of the origin and endpoint nations contents the minimum or least legal needs of the electronic Air Waybill:

• Have approved the same international treaty
• Native Duties Authority should or have to be willing to accept e-AWB

International Air Transport Association endorses that the Airlines notify the local duties authority at the coming electronic Air Waybill application’s origin and endpoint.

Can you Implement an Electronic Air Waybill If you are Freight Forwarder with Limited Technology?

Yes. As long as one has the chance or opportunity to access an online web portal and have an airline enterprise partner that:

• Agree to AWB terms and conditions
• Key inAWB data.
• Display and store the consignment record data
• View and produce a Cargo Receipt

As you can see, Airway Bill is an important document in air freight.

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If you have any question about automated export system (AES), you will find the answer right here.

In fact, if you are in export business, then this is a must read guide for you.

Let’s dive right here.

What is Automated Export System?

Automated Export System (AES) is an electronic system set up by the US Census Bureau to collect export and trade data.

Exporters in the US use this system to provide information on whatever they are internationally exporting, whose value exceeds 2,500 USD.

The information you provide as an exporter is referred to as Electronic Export Information (EEI) and is useful to other agencies.

Such agencies include the Food and drugs Administration, the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, and the Bureau of Industry and Security.

Before the electrical system, you filed your export declaration on a form known as the Shipper’s Export Declaration.

You submit your EEI to the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE), where you get an Internal Transaction Number (ITN) if successful.

Why is AES important?

You find the Automated Export System (AES) useful in several ways:

AES is useful as a Security and Compliance Measure

You provide a host of information related to your shipment intended for export when you file with the AES.

The information you provide is useful in ensuring the identification of any breaches of security protocols and dealt with.

For instance, where the destination of the cargo is blacklisted, the goods are seized before departure.

Furthermore, some goods are illegal in other countries, and the AES system prevents such exports.

Some of the information you provide when filing with the AES include:

• The description of what you are exporting
• Where the goods are from
• The weight parameters of the items
• Who is receiving payment for the shipment
• Intended buyer(s) in case of intermediaries
• Value of the cargo
• Assigned HS Code
• Ports of loading and lading
• Country and city of arrival

AES is a Source of Useful Trade Statistics

When declaring your export goods, the information you provide is beneficial to the Census bureau when compiling trade export data.

The Census Bureau determines what goods are shipped, the quantity, and where they are shipped.

Consequently, you find the AES useful in determining the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the US.

Additionally, you use this information to provide forecasts and identify vital indications of the economic outlook.

What is AES Export Filing?

AES filing is the filing of export information electrically in the Automated Export System provided by the US Census Bureau.

When filing your exports electronically, you use the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) portal on the Customs and Border Protection webpage.

You log in to the ACE portal to access AES Direct pages, which you duly fill with information relevant to your cargo.

You also have the option of using independent software with AES Direct access like Shipping Solutions.

Using independent software allows you to enter the information on your documents more efficiently with reduced errors.

Additionally, you omit unnecessary details while allowing you closer independent monitoring of the process.

Who needs to File AES?

You have to be the US Principal Party of Interest (USPPI), the exporter, to file the AES.

You can also authorize an agent such as a freight forwarder to file on your behalf as the USPPI.

A buyer, the Foreign Principal Party of Interest (FPPI), handling the customs responsibilities, can also file AES.

In this case, the buyer employs a US-based agent such as a freight forwarder.

You need to provide formal authorization to your agent or freight forwarder when they file AES on your behalf.

Such approval can be in the form of a letter, such as one offering limited attorney privilege.

However, when you use agents such as freight forwards to file AES on your behalf, you still bear liability.

Additionally, when reporting your address in the electronic system as a USPPI, it should be that of the goods’ origin.

When do you need to File with the Automated Export System (AES)?

You typically need to file with the AES when you are exporting cargo with a value of 2,500 USD or more.

Nonetheless, the source and destination of your goods influence the decision whether you file AES.

Your cargo is usually assigned a Schedule B number, which determines the categorization of freight.

For instance, say your shipment has two items with individual values lower than 2,500 USD but total values above it.

When both items are from the country or outside, you file with AES.

However, where the items have different origins, they are treated as separate items whose value is not subject to AES filing.

Other instances where filing for AES is mandatory include:

• When exporting merchandise requiring an export license from an issuing authority such as a State department regardless of value and destination.
• When exporting cargo of any value and destination with items requiring ITAR but excluded from licenses.
• When exporting vehicles that are self-propelled of any value and destination.
• You file with AES for rough-cut diamonds of the HS Codes 7102.10, 7102.21, and 7102.31 of any value and/or destination.

Usually, when exporting from the US to Canada, you must not file with AES save for a few exceptions.

Your window for filing is set against an item’s scheduled shipment and depends on the shipping method.

How do you get an AES Number during International Shipping?

You get an AES number for international shipping by logging into the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) portal.

You can access the ACE system from the Custom and Border Protection web page or via unique software.

Using direct access requires you to fill in all the required information as per your documents manually.

However, using software allows you to easily upload your information to the AESDirect platform with reduced errors.

The following steps are useful in getting an AES number:

• Upon successful login, select the tab for “Submit AESDirect Filings” and then the “Create Export Filing” on the resulting window.
• You then provide information regarding your shipments, such as the parties involved, the nature of commodities, and the method of transportation.
• Upon providing all the data required, submit by selecting the “Submit Filing” tab. Any errors or omissions you made are highlighted by a “Filing Contains Errors” pop up.
• You have a thumbs-up upon successfully submitting EEI from whence you proceed to the “AESDirect Shipment Manager“ window. This window reveals your ITN number alongside your shipment.
• You extract a copy of this number by selecting “Get ITN,” generating pages with the number on required documents. An “Accepted” notification indicates a successful application on the screen.

What is AES Exemption?

An AES exemption allows you not to file with AES.

Consequently, you can send your shipment without attaching an ITN while avoiding the exhaustive checks by customs.

An AES exemption reflects as a code that highlights why you are not obligated to present EEI.

You use this code as you would an ITN on your export documents.

The code identifies the specific section of the Foreign Trade Regulations that contains the exemption preceded with the initials NO EEI.

NO EEI stands for “No Electronic Export Information”.

What are AES Filing Exemptions?

You find several AES filing exemptions guiding general shipments, shipments intended for the US military, government agencies, and personnel.

Common AES filing exemptions include:

NO EEI 30.36

The exemption consists of cargo headed for Canada with no limit on the value save for automobiles.

You can use this exemption where you don’t need a permit or license for export.

However, you cannot use this exemption where the goods are under the scope of International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).

Additionally, cargo intended only for Canada’s storage purposes before being shipped to another country has no exemption.

NO EEI 30.37(a)

You use this exemption when you have goods whose value is less than 2,500 USD under the Schedule B categorization.

However, there are several instances where you cannot use this exemption.

That is when:

• You require a special permit or export license for your shipment.
• Shipment consists of a self-propelled vehicle.
• Your shipment is under the scope of ITAR.
• Shipment consists of rough diamonds regardless of value.
• Your shipment destination is a blacklisted country such as North Korea, Iran, or Cuba.

NO EEI 30.37(b)

You invoke this exemption when the export cargo consists of trade tools intended for use by an exporting party’s extension.

An item is considered a trade tool when it is employed by company actors while enhancing the company’s value.

A guide for these tools is as follows:

• Tools have to be owned by the company making the shipment.
• Tools are with a representative of the company making the shipment.
• Nature of the tools is for business.
• Tools are not subject to sale.
• Tools are returned to the US within 365 days since their export.
• Shipment of the tools is not on an air waybill or bill of lading.

NO EEI 30.37(f)

With this exemption, you can export software and related technology not accompanied by a license authorizing export.

However, this limitation is inapplicable for software that you mass-market.

NO EEI 30.37(g)

You use this exemption when you ship items such as books, journals, charts, and other related items.

These articles find use in libraries, government-funded establishments, and research institutions.

NO EEI 30.37(h)

The exemption above covers shipments you present as gifts and donations intended for humanitarian purposes.

NO EEI 30.37(i)

When you are shipping diplomatic bags, both the bags and the contents require no filing with AES.

NO EEI 30.37(j)

Transporting of human cargo and related features such as the casket and flowers require no AES filing under this exemption.

NO EEI 30.37(l)

When shipping your pets as cargo, you use this exemption, whether you travel with the pet or not.

The exemption also applies when you leave the US or are a crew member of the ship or airplane.

NO EEI 30.37(s)

Monetary instruments such as legal tender and securities whose financial claim you can provide evidence for have exemptions under this code.

NO EEI 30.37(t)

You can ship documents such as airline tickets and internal revenue stamps out of the US without filing with AES.

You find this possible only if these documents facilitate the execution of international transactions.

Do you need an AES Exemption?

An AES exemption allows you to make a shipment without having to report to the Census Bureau.

You avoid the detailed process of providing a host of information associated with your package saving you time and money.

With an exemption, you can send gifts and donations of any value anywhere.

Moreover, you can contribute to developing ideas and research in various institutions by shipping learning material.

Failure to file AES, late filing, and/or erroneous filing attracts hefty penalties and fines.

With an AES exemption, you avoid getting caught in one of these predicaments, which you pay with time or money.

What is the AES Filing Fee?

Generally, you need to file with the Automated Export System when exporting goods valued at 2,500 USD or more.

The filing process involves filling a form with your shipment’s details electronically referred to as Electronic Export Information (EEI).

You submit your EEI via a web portal referred to as Automated Commercial Environment (ACE).

You can also use compliance software to submit, such as Shipping Solutions.

However, as an exporter, you can employ agents such as freight forwarders who make the AES filing on your behalf.

The agents charge you a fee for the service known as an AES filing fee.

What is EEI?

When filing with AES to the Census Bureau, the data you provide is the Electronic Export Information (EEI).

The data typically entails information regarding your shipment intended for export over the value of 2,500 USD.

Information submitted as the Electronic Export Information includes:

• Details of the exporter such as name, identification, and physical address.
• Details of the shipment such as value, quantity, and weight.
• The country of destination.
• The port of loading and lading.
• The destination country.
• Details of the receiver or buyer.
• The classification of the products and required permits or licenses.

How do EEI and AES compare?

The Automated Export System (AES) is an electronic system set up to collect information on goods intended for export.

Goods filed in the AES system are those whose value exceeds 2,500 USD with an assigned Schedule number.

The Electronic Export Information (EEI) is the actual data on exports you file in the Automated Export System.

Besides, the EEI provides the data used by the Census Bureau to determine existing trade figures.

The CBP uses the AES system to monitor the export of goods, ensuring compliance with prevailing regulations.

Therefore, you find the EEI is the basic unit that makes up the AES.

What are AES Filing Rules andRequirements?

Before the EEI, you had to fill out a Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED) for your exports.

You provide the EEI of your exports in the AES system provided by the Census Bureau.

You find the following rules and requirements necessary when filing with AES:

• You have to file EEI for exports with Schedule numbers whose value exceeds 2,500 USD. Goods whose destination is Canada face exemptions from this rule, save for self-propelled vehicles.
• You have to file EEI for goods of any value with an export license or requiring a permit.
• AES filing is needed when you are shipping rough diamonds of a defined range of HS codes.
• Goods subject to International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) also require you to file with AES.
• When you export packages containing household items or those of a personal nature valued over 2,500 USD, AES filing is required. An exemption is, however, made for such goods destined for Canada.
• The burden of AES filing typically rests on the US Principal Party in Interest (USPPI). However, the USPPI can engage an agent such as a freight forwarder to make filings on their behalf.
• The shipping methods determine the timelines within which you file your EEI in the AES system. Also crucial in the ultimatums is the type of goods you intend to export.
• Failing to make AES filing or making such filings late in addition to making errors during filing attracts penalties and fines. Your goods can be seized and confiscated in such cases resulting in loos of time and money.
• When filing with AES, you need to have the appropriate Schedule B number for your cargo in your EEI. The Schedule B number is employed for the identification of goods and also with tracking.

How do you File your Shipments with AES?

You use the following steps to file your shipments with AES:

• First, you register an account with the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) portal, which allows you access to the AES system.
• Upon approval of your account, you use your sign up details to login into the ACE portal. You can log in directly via the CBP webpage or through compliant software.
• Successful login leads you to pages with AESDirect fields requiring you to provide information about your shipment. For direct filing on the CBP website, you need to fill in your shipment details as provided manually.
• When using compliant software for AESDirect filing, the information you provide for your EEI is easily uploaded. Consequently, you save time and effort with a reduced chance of omissions and/or errors.
• When filing on AESDirect, the system will only allow you through until you fill all the required fields. Upon confirmation of your submission, the AESDirect will issue you an Internal Transaction Number (ITN) alongside your shipping details.
• You use the ITN on your export papers, indicating your compliance with the AES filing requirement to the CBP.

Can you make Corrections to an AES Filing?

You can make corrections to an AES filing when you identify them to ensure your Electronic Export Information is accurate.

However, you can make corrections for specific fields without triggering a compliance alert.

The Automated Export System Trade Interface Requirements (AESTIR) provides you with a list of fields you can and cannot correct.

You can make corrections to your AES filing for the following areas without instigating a compliance alert:

• State of origin of the shipment.
• Reference number about transportation.
• Port of export and that of lading.
• Mode of shipment.
• Details of the USPPI such as name and contacts.
• Details regarding the consignee(s) and freight forwarders.
• Value of the commodity if without a license.
• Item details such as quantity, weight, classification number, and export code.

However, making corrections to the following fields will trigger a compliance alert:

• Revision of the departure date to an earlier one.
• Reference number for your shipment.
• Identification number of the USPPI or FPPI.
• Adding or deleting items in the commodity field.
• Value of the item where it has an export license.
• License type and number.

What is a Shipment Reference Number (SRN) in Export Filing?

When filling out your shipment’s reference details, you use a Shipment Reference Number (SRN) to identify your shipment.

You can present the SRN as an alphanumerical combination with many characters numbering up to thirty-five.

You can use an item’s purchase order number, the bill of lading number, and even the customer number as the SRN.

You can generate an SRN by using the information on an item’s bar code to identify the item uniquely.

You find the Shipment Reference Number (SRN) useful in tracking and identifying shipments.

Can you Reuse Shipment Reference Number during AES filing?

Reusing the Shipment Reference Number during an AES filing is not allowed according to the Foreign Trade Regulations.

You have to provide a new and unique SRN every time you file with AES for a new shipment.

When submitting your Electronic Export Information (EEI), the SRN is used to identify your item.

Consequently, using this number for another item results in deleting the previous article in the system.

Furthermore, you will not generate a new ITN with the previously filed item with the SRN number maintained.

Also, the AES can decline your EEI when you reuse the SRN as a unique identifier.

Can you use Multiple Invoices for the Same Customer to Create one Automated Export System (AES) record?

You can create one Automated Export System (AES) record from multiple invoices of a single customer under certain conditions.

• When the invoices provided for the goods you are shipping are from one USPPI.
• When you ship these goods to the same individual in a particular country.
• When you ship these goods on the same day and vessel or plane.

What are the Filing Timeframes for EEI in the Automated Export System (AES)?

You are subject to timeframes when filing AES, dependent on the type of goods involved and the shipping mode.

However, you are exempted from the standard timeframes when shipping to Puerto Rico, where you can present your ITN o arrival.

Some of the typical timeframes are as follows:

• When sending essential consumer goods, you have different timeframes set against the shipment method. When using mail, you need to make your AES filing two hours before export.
• You also need to make your filing two hours before the aircraft’s departure time when using air mode.

When using road transport for your shipment, expect to successfully file with AES an hour before the border crossing.

• Using rail transport dictates you submit EEI for your shipment two hours before the border crossing.

Conversely, when using a boat, you should do the filing at least twenty four hours before the ship is loaded.

• When handling motorized shipments such as vehicles, you need to file with AES 72 hours before departure.

Is there Flexibility with the Current Filing Timeframes for AES filing?

The Federal Trade Regulations set the current timeframes for filing with AES, and they cannot be adjusted.

The timeframe provided for your shipment is subject to the item type and the method of transportation.

However, you are exempt from the timeframes provided for filing with AES when the country of destination is Puerto Rico.

You only have to show up with the ITN at the unlading port on your shipment arrival.

Who is a Principal Party in Interest (PPII) in an AES filling?

The Federal Trade Regulations provide the Principal Party in Interest (PPII) definition in an AES filling.

The PPII is the individual or enterprise that is the primary beneficiary of the award derived from an export process.

The PPII can be US based or foreign-based, and you refer to them as USPPI and FPPI, respectively. The USPPI could be a broker, manufacturer, order party, or seller located in the US.

The FPPI was a foreign entity when the goods were obtained or purchased for export was in the US.

You use the Employer Identification Number (EIN) as the USPPI’s identification number in the AES.

For an FPPI, you can use various personal numbers as identification in the AES, such as:

• Passport number
• Border crossing number
• DUNS number
• Any number provided by the CBP

Can you List a Customs Broker or Freight Forwarder as a Principal Party in Interest in an AES filing?

When making a filing in AES, you can list a customs broker or freight forwarder as a Principal Party in Interest.

You can record a customs broker as a PPI under the following conditions:

• When you have a broker as the importer when goods brought into the US are for storage or immediate use. When you import the goods without any alterations.
• When the US based customs broker brings in goods from outside as an agent of a foreigner listed as the importer.

When you ship these goods without any alterations.

You can have a freight forwarder as your PPI when making AES filing under the two conditions.

You can have the forwarder assume the role of order party in the US.

Alternatively, the forwarder acts as a customs broker described as the lead importer in the following scenarios where:

• Overseas goods are brought into the country for storage or immediate use and later sees them exported without alterations.
• Overseas importation and later the unchanged export on behalf of a foreign capacity.

What are the Ultimate Consignee Types in AES?

You are required to select a single consignee from the four ultimate consignee types available.

When making your selection, you base your choice on the most applied function of the business.

Where you have more than a single option for an often applied business function, you have to choose the most often.

The following are the four types of ultimate consignees:

1. Direct Consumer

You find this ultimate consignee encompasses non-governmental entities such as institutions or companies.

These entities utilize the exported items internally as a production factor with no plans of resale or redistribution.

2. Government Entity

A government entity is an institution, organization, or enterprise controlled by the government.

3. Reseller

A reseller is not affiliated with the government and can be a wholesaler, retailer, or distributor.

Other/Unknown

You find this ultimate consignee defined as neither being a direct consumer, or reseller, or known government entity.

How do you Determine which Ultimate Consignee Type of Reporting in the Automated Export System (AES)?

When determining which ultimate consignee you should report to in the AES, you evaluate the business function.

You select an ultimate consignee, keeping in mind which has the most applied business function.

You can have situations where two ultimate consignees suffice concerning your business function.

In such a scenario, you go with the ultimate consignee with most applications.

Can you list an NVOCC as a carrier in AES?

NVOCC is an abbreviation of Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier.

NVOCCs make it easier for their customers to make exports and/or imports by handling all the necessary arrangements on their behalf.

As their name suggests, NVOCCs do not own maritime vessels, and neither do they operate them.

NVOCCs enter into agreements with vessel operators for customized Bill of lading called House Bill of lading.

You can list an NVOCC as a carrier when filing AES for shipments intended for sea freight.

You should, however, identify in the AES the Standard Carrier Alpha Code belonging to the NVOCC.

Is the Carrier Subject to AES Fines and Penalties?

Any party involved in an export transaction can be penalized and fined for several reasons.

As a carrier, you can be penalized or fined for failing to honor your responsibilities, falsifying EEI, or misusing the AES.

The penalties imposed on a carrier can be criminal or civil, depending on the offense’s severity.

Some of the violations that can result in criminal and civil penalties include:

• Failure by the carrier to file with AES or presenting false information.
• The conduction of illegal goings-on by carriers.
• Failure to pay imposed fines and penalties.
• Where a carrier makes filing violations and fails to report them.
• Making filings later than the timelines allow.

Do you need to File Shipments of Empty Containers if the Value Exceeds $2500?

Containers are the basic unit you use to transport and deliver cargo in sea freight.

There are many container types that you can use, with each specially built to transport a specific type of shipment.

The filing of AES is for export goods, where there’s a USPPI getting some benefit from the sale and a consignee.

You do not need to file for an empty container not offered for sale or purchase by any part.

Who is Responsible for AES Filing?

Providing EEI during AES is a mandatory process for goods with export licenses and those with values exceeding 2,500 USD.

Goods heading to Canada save for self-propelled vehicles face exemptions from filing with AES.

You find filing with AES is a responsibility performed by three possible parties including:

• The US Principal Party in Interest (USPPI) is the exporter based in the US.
• An agent

I know you’d like to learn more about automated manifest system.

That’s why this guide will answer all questions you have been asking about automated manifest system (AMS).

Let’s dive right in.

What is an Automated Manifest System?

An automated manifest system is part of the USA customs clearance process manned by the customs and border protection department.

If you are importing to the USA, you have to fill in your details on the AMS.

Information that you should fill in the AMS includes details of your cargo, including the contents.

How does AMS Work?

The process of filing AMS is a must for any shipment passing through or entering the USA.

It involves submitting details of your cargo through an online platform to the customs and border protection unit.

You must submit the details before your cargo reaches your entry point in the US.

Either you or your supplier is responsible for paying the necessary fee for AMS depending on your contract.

Who should File AMS?

Three main parties can file AMS before your goods arrive in the USA.

You can have your supplier file for you if the contact you have with them allows for that.

Your freight forwarder can file your cargo detail on the AMS depending on the contract.

Alternatively, you can fie the information by yourself.

However, regardless of who files cargo details on AMS, you counter to check on the information before submitting the details.

This prevents the customs authorities from charging you a penalty for wrong information.

You also have to ensure you submit your AMS at least 24hours before your shipping vessel departs from a country of origin.

What is AMS Code?

An AMS code is a code that distinguishes your cargo when filing it on the system.

The code depends on the type and nature of your goods, their quantity, and country of origin.

What is the Difference Between Automated Manifest System and Importer Security Filing?

The automated manifest system allows you as an importer to report the details of your cargo to the US customs before sailing from a country of origin.

Importer Security Filling allows a third party to register your cargo details to the customs system before you load them to a carrier.

What is the Importance of AMS?

AS plays a crucial factor in facilitating the customs clearance of your goods. Its importance includes:

Faster Processing

AMS is an online platform that lets you upload the details of our cargo entering the USA.

This is relatively easy and faster compared to filling paperwork.

Faster processing saves you the time you can translate into profit by focusing on other aspects of your business.

Future Reference

Since the process is automated and online, the customs authorities store the information securely for future references.

This allows them to view your shipping history, which can facilitate other aspects of importation.

Easy Identification

Proper filling of an AMS helps the customs authorities to identify your goods easily and handle them accordingly.

For instance, they can handle hazardous and other restricted goods careful since they know what to expect.

It also helps in identifying potential threats in the imports and separate before they become dangerous.

Improves Accuracy Filing

You, as an importer, is responsible for filing the necessary information on the AMS portal.

As such, there is minimal chance of filing errors since you know your cargo.

Paying the penalty on the wrong information you submit also ensures you only have the right information on the portal.

What is AMS Filing Fee?

An AMS filing fee is the amount you pay for filing your cargo on the AMS.

The purpose of this fee is to facilitate processing your shipment into the USA.

This fee depends on the bill of lading or airway bill for your cargo.

It is your responsibility or that of your supplier to pay for the AMS fee.

Which Modes of Transports are Applicable for AMS Filing?

Common modes of transport that require AMS filing are ocean and air freight.

This is because most people use these modes to import goods to the USA.

However, custom and border department require AMS filing for other modes of transport such as road and rail.

What is the Advantage of AMS Freight Tracking System?

The main advantages of using AMS freight tracking system including:

• Faster process which reduces the need for filing paperwork
• Facilitates future referencing since all the documents are in soft copy
• It gives the customs and border control department an easy time of identifying potential shipment into the USA.
• Facilitates access of cargo information by other government agencies such as port authorities and freight lading professionals
• Freight tracking system eliminates bureaucracy and reduces diplomatic tension between countries due to trade. This is by ensuring there is a faster and easy customs clearance of your goods.

What is Ocean AMS Filing Requirements?

The requirements for ocean AMS filing include:

• Your details and that of your freight forwarder including name and address.
• Container details including the seal number
• Hazardous goods code
• Description of your goods including the buying price and quantity
• Last foreign port of departure or the port of origin
• Details of your carrier, including country of ownership and necessary documents. You should also indicate the voyage number and SCAC.
• The expected date of arriving in a given port of entry in the USA.

What are the Time Limits for Submitting Documents in AMS?

You should file documents in AMS at least 24hrs before the scheduled departure time for your cargo from the country of origin.

It is important to consider if your cargo is passing through another country before it arrives in the US.

In such a situation, you need to file your documents in AMS 24hrs before your goods depart from the last foreign port.

How is AMS Filing Done?

There are two ways in which you can file your AMS. That is, cargo reporting and conveyance report.

Cargo reporting takes place at least 24hrs prior to loading your goods to a carrier from your port of origin.

If your goods are already on the way, you should fill an import security filling data element.

You should attach the ISF plus two documents when cargo reporting.

Conveyance report is one that you submit before your goods arrive in the USA.

Your forwarder is the one who usually submits this report.

A freight forwarder uses the bill of lading and commercial invoice to derive information needed on the conveyance report.

What are the AMS Customs Requirements and Checklist?

An appropriate AMS has the following customs requirements and checklist:

• Your name and address and that of your forwarder.
• Container seal number.
• The definitive description of the carrier. It includes country of documentation, voyage number, and SCAC (Standard Carrier Alpha Code).
• Hazardous material code if you are shipping such goods.
• Container number
• A definitive description of your cargo. This includes the quantity and its weight.
• Port and country of origin
• The last port to dock before departing for the USA
• First foreign point of entry where your carrier takes procession of the cargo
• Expected arrival date to the first point of entry in the USA

The information you provide must be correct and verifiable.

Failure to do this may lead to various consequences by the customs authorities.

What is the Consequence of Not Submitting the Correct Details to AMS?

There are various consequences of not filling the right information on AMS.

They include:

• Paying a monetary fine depending on the type of information you have left out
• The customs authorities may opt to seize your goods and carry out further inspection for potential threats. This is common if they suspect that you are importing illegal goods.
• There is a delay in receiving your goods into the USA. This is to allow the customs authorities to inspect your goods and submit the correct information.
• A delay in receiving your goods due to customs holding it can end up costing you financially. This is because it denies you the chance of selling your goods to the final consumer.
• Holding goods can bring about diplomatic tensions between the US and the country of origin, especially if it is a persistent issue. This is because it denies trade opportunities for the two countries.

How does AMS Save Time?

There are several ways through which AMS saves time.

For example, using AMS removes the need to physically present your documents for customs clearance by the customs and border protection department.

AMS allows for faster clearance of your cargo by the customs authorities.

This is by submitting the correct information on the AMS.

The customs authorities take less time verifying and cross-referencing on your shipping history.

This is because they can easily retrieve your details online compared to searching through documents.

It also allows the customs authorities to focus on suspicious goods before they arrive in the USA.

Such goods include prohibited and restricted and those whose owners have failed to file AMS.

What Happens if you don’t Comply with AMS?

There are various consequences of not complying with AMS.

For instance, customs and border protection department may hold your goods for further investigation.

In certain instance, the customs may not allow the entry of your goods into the USA.

This may force you to ship back your cargo to another destination or the country of origin.

Another consequence of not complying with AMS is that you may have to pay a fine for your goods to enter the US.

Therefore, you must ensure you comply with all the AMS requirements before shipping goods into the USA.

This includes filing the right information about your cargo.

What Parties are Required to Participate in AMS?

The carrier of your goods is the one required to provide the necessary information on AMS.

Such information includes the expected date of arrival for your cargo and its contents.

However, other parties may participate voluntarily in AMS to facilitate the shipping process.

These parties include:

• An automated broker interface filer. This can either be a customs broker or you as the importer.
• Container freight station
• Express consignment carrier facility

Since their participation is voluntary, the information they provide is direct to the customs and border protection department.

If a Freight Forwarding Company does not Fall into One of the Categories of Eligible Participants, may it Participate in AMS?

No. It is impossible for a freight forwarding company not on the qualified categories to participate in AMS.

If that is the case, such a forwarder should submit the information to your goods’ carrier.

They can alternatively submit it to one of the other parties that are eligible to participate in AMS.

What Methods may be used to Transmit Information through AMS?

The three methods you can use to transmit information through AMS are:

• Developing a software interface. When using this method, you have to adhere to your customs automated manifest interface specifications.
• Providing the necessary data to a centre that offers AMS services.
• Purchasing communication and software that is commercially available.

What is a Split Shipment?

Split shipment is a situation where a shipment of your order takes place through more than one carrier though it only uses one airway bill.

It is common in air freight.

There are different reasons why you can have a split shipment.

For instance, your cargo may bulky for a single carrier to ship it.

Split shipment can also be due to storing your goods in different locations.

Rather than wait for consolidating your cargo before shipping, you can opt to have them separately.

You don’t pay extra during split shipment.

Instead, your carrier quickly arranges how to ship your cargo using the next available carrier.

When a Carrier Splits a Consolidated Shipment, is it Required to Send any Information for Lading’s Associated Bills?

Yes. Your entire goods usually use one bill of lading which the first carrier usually carries and submits to the AMS.

The subsequent carriers won’t have to provide a separate bill of lading.

For Consolidated Shipments, Do you need Separate BOL Record for Each Shipper/Consignee Relationship?

Yes, you have to provide separate BOL record for each shipper/consignee relationship.

This facilitates proper documentation of the different consolidated cargoes.

It also becomes easier to inspect and clear the different goods by the customs authorities.

Is an AMS Carrier Required to Request a Permit to Transfer Electronically through AMS?

Yes. An AMS carrier has to request a permit to transfer electronically through AMS.

Such a permit is to allow the carrier to submit the right information on the AMS.

It also allows the carrier to share the information with all the parties involved in shipping your cargo.

To What Party does AMS Send the Electronic Local Transfer Authorization Message?

AMS sends an electronic local transfer authorization message to either you as the importer or your freight forwarder.

This allows for easy submission of the relevant information on the AMS.

Now, that’s everything you need to know about automated manifest system (AMS).

However, in case you have any questions, feel free to contact us right away.

Australia is among the top ten largest customers for Chinese exports.

More than 25% of Australia’s imports come from China, a clear indication of a booming trade between these two nations.

This guide should be of interest if you’re seeking an easier way to import goods from China to Australia.

It captures all the fundamental aspects regarding shipping commodities from China to Australia.

Let’s get straight away and discuss all the relevant details herein;

Things You Need to Know Before Shipping from China to Australia

When shipping to Australia from China, you ought to know a number of elements, which act as guiding principles.

The importance is to facilitate movement and enhance convenience when transporting products between these nations.

Some of the things you need to know to include the following;

• There are goods, which are either restricted or prohibited by the Australian authorities from entering her borders.

Ideally, Australia has a self-contained eco-system, which it is strict to protect.

Therefore, you must determine the types of goods permitted into this country.

• If you are importing commodities from China or any other overseas country to Australia, you can never use P.O Boxes or lockers.
• Always ensure you have all the necessary and accurate shipping documents.

Failure to produce the right documents often leads to unprecedented delays or denial of entry.

Moreover, make sure the value package description matches the details in commercial invoice.

• Ensure you use a courier service provider that is fully aware of rules and regulations stipulated by the customs authority.

In Australia, it is prohibited to ship some commodities through countries such as Egypt and Bangladesh.

• Should your cargo fail to clear after 30 days, the Australian Customs is at liberty to destroy it. Therefore, always act swiftly in case you have issues that could delay the clearance process.
• Always consider the type of packaging materials you use on your products. Some specific packaging materials are never allowed into the country.
• All imported goods with a value of less than AU$1,000 apply to Goods and Services Tax (GST).
• GST is charged at the point of sale by the vendor and not necessarily at the border.

Main Products Imported from China to Australia

You can always import a myriad of products from China to Australia.

However, you ought to understand that Australia has stringent safety standards.

Therefore, all the products imported from China must pass through strict standards before permitted to the Australian market.

Here are some of the major products often imported to Australia from China;

• Footwear
• Furniture
• Construction Machinery
• Electronics
• Apparel
• Games
• Toys
• Sports equipment
• Medical equipment
• Machine spare parts
• Iron and steel
• Automobiles
• Paper products
• Organic chemicals
• Shoes
• Handbags
• Copper

Technically, there are plenty of other products you can always ship from China to Australia.

However, you must ensure they meet the recommended quality standards.

Shipping Duration from China to Australia

Delivery timescales when shipping from China to Australia often vary depending on a wide variety of elements.

Of course, the choice of an ideal shipping method between ocean and air freight is largely determined by the actual duration.

The precise duration is also dependent on the exact ocean port or airport of origin to that of destination.

For instance, shipping from Guangzhou to Melbourne takes approximately 24 days LCL.

Ningbo to Brisbane takes about 12 days LCL

Tianjin to Sydney takes 21 days LCL

Nansha to Melbourne takes 25 days LCL

Huangpu to Sydney takes 24 days FCL and 27 days LCL

Huangpu to Adelaide is approximately 62 days LCL

Wuhan to Sydney can take about 36 days FCL

Shenzhen to Sydney is 21 days LCL

Shanghai to Sydney takes 27 days FCL and 19 days LCL

Xiamen to Sydney is 36 days LCL

Nonetheless, the duration is between 12-62 days based on the type of container and port-port distance.

Similarly, when using airfreight, the duration is also dependent on the airport of origin and that of destination.

The specific route your preferred courier uses may determine the duration of shipping goods from China to Australia.

But the average duration ranges from 2-8 days based on the mentioned factors.

For instance, from Shanghai Pudong to Adelaide, it takes roughly two days.

On the other hand, it takes about eight days to ship from Beijing to Sydney.

Nevertheless, you need to ensure you inquire from your preferred courier service provider to determine the approximate transit time.

Means of Shipping from China to Australia

Of course, there are only two major ways you can use to ship goods from China to Australia.

However, each mode of shipping, in this case, has its advantages and disadvantages.

It is thus vital to know the most suitable one for your needs before making an ultimate choice.

Ocean Freight from China to Australia

This refers to using container-loaded ocean vessels to transport the goods from one port of origin to another destination port.

Ocean freight takes an average of 2-3 weeks and, in some instances, up to four weeks.

Your consignments are moved between preferred port of origin and arrival by a particular ocean carrier aboard a container ship.

Usually, ocean freight utilizes two types of containers, which include the following;

• Full Container Load (FCL) – This type of shipping service allows you to transport your shipment without sharing container space with other commodities.

It is an ideal and most cost-effective option to consider for relatively large consignments.

• Less than Container Load (LCL) – With LCL shipping, your cargo shares container space with goods from other companies.

This is a suitable option for businesses with comparatively smaller shipments to ship from China to Australia.

Here are some of the basis you may use to consider the ideal alternative between FCL and LCL for your shipments.

FCL Consideration

FCL shipping from China to Australia can be an ideal consideration on the following grounds;

1. Your consignment must be in Australia within a specified date
2. The seller can load and seal a container, and the recipient can unload it
3. Your shipment is not suited to share a container with other products
4. Shipping a freight big enough to fill at least half the capacity of a 20ft container

LCL Consideration

LCL would be a suitable choice for you based on the following aspects;

1. The cargo is not bigger than six standard pallets
2. If you hardly have access to facilities to load and seal a container in China
3. Your cargo can safely be transported on a shared container
4. The commodities are not needed urgently by the recipient in Australia

Irrespective of the type of shipping container you might consider, it remains a longer process for transporting containers from China to Australia.

The freight forwarder you work with helps you to select the right type of container for your consignment between LCL and FCL.

Airfreight from China to Australia

Airfreight is by far the fastest way to transport your consignment from China to Australia.

This method allows you to complete some shipments in about two days.

If speedy delivery of your shipment is a priority compared to cost, then it is an ideal option to consider.

Moreover, airfreight remains a suitable alternative if your consignment contains perishable products that will benefit from a short transit time.

Also, you may consider it when shipping a small shipment, at most three pallets and if the goods are of high value, thus require stringent safety levels.

Nonetheless, it is relatively expensive compared to ocean freight.

Shipping Lines from China to Australia

It is imperative to always find a high-quality shipping service when shipping to Australia.

A reputable shipping company guarantees your cargo safety and timely delivery.

Several companies offer excellent shipping services based on your port of origin and destination.

The common shipping companies you may choose for the services include the following;

• Century Cruises
• COSCO
• MISC
• CMA/CGM
• Marfret
• OWL
• Line MSC
• Hamburg Sud
• Canmar
• Hapag Lloyd
• OWL
• China Merchants Group
• COSCO Shipping Development
• Wallenius Wilhelmsen
• APL
• NYK Line
• Chipolbrok
• China Merchants Energy
• China Changjiang National Corporation
• China Shipping Group

The Best Courier Companies from China to Australia

You may consider the following Courier services companies when sending a parcel or relatively lightweight consignment from China to Australia;

• DPEX- Express
• Hong Kong Post E-Express
• Quantium-General Cargo
• Aramex
• Omniparcel
• UPS Saver
• DHL

When choosing any of these courier companies, you must figure out other implications such as cost and expected delivery time.

Cost of Shipping from China to Australia

Many factors determine the cost of shipping goods from China to Australia.

For instance, location, mode of shipping, and size of the consignment are the main determinants of the actual shipping costs.

Moreover, the type of container you are using, whether parcel, LCL, or FCL, also influences the overall shipping costs.

Technically, your shipping quote from China to Australia will take into account the following aspects;

• Type of products you are shipping
• Volume, weight, and dimensions of the consignment
• Preferred delivery method, i.e., door to door, port to port, port to door or door to port, etc.
• Choice of ocean or airfreight

Here’s a breakdown of the cost of shipping from China to Australia based on the mode of shipping

Cost of Sea Freight from China to Australia

Sea freight is arguably the cheapest means of transporting goods from China to Australia.

It is also cost-effective since you can always use it to ship different reasonably bulky consignments.

The actual shipping rates vary from one company to another.

Also, the specific port of origin and port of destination determines the actual shipping rates between these two nations.

In most cases, you can always use a shipping calculator provided by the shipping company to determine the actual cost based on several aspects.

On average, though, the cost of shipping a 20ft container is approximately $1700.

A 40ft container, on the other hand, would cost roughly $2,200.

According to Australia Trade, the cost of renting a container is between AU$ 150-250 per cubic meter or 1,000 kilograms, whichever is greater.

However, the table below shows average shipping rates for door to door shipments from selected ports for a load of 200kg/1 cbm.

Cost of Air Freight from China to Australia

Shipping goods from China to Australia via cargo planes is relatively expensive compared to sea freight.

Often, kilogram is the unit calculation for air freight.

Most airlines have a standard for determining the actual and dimensional weight depending on the largest value.

You can calculate the weight of air freight in two major ways;

• Charging according to the cargo weight
• Charging based on the dimensional weight

The volume of the cargo is then divided by 6000 to determine its weight.

For instance; dimensional weight for a consignment covering 100cm by 100cm by 100cm weighing 20kgs would be;

(100 x 100 x 100) cm/6000 = 167 kg.

In essence, the dimensional weight of the shipment is heavier than actual weight.

Therefore, the airline will charge you for 167kgs.

However, the actual cost per kilogram is dependent on the specific international transport and Logistics Company of your choice.

Different freight carriers such as DHL, FedEx, UPS, and USPS among others, offer varied rates for shipping consignments.

In most instances, the carriers always charge airfreight costs based on a greater number between actual and dimensional weight.

The trick is always to pack your consignment skillfully and minimizing the volume to save a considerable amount of money.

Moreover, you also need to work with an experienced freight forwarder such as Tj chinafreight.

It allows you to come up with better solutions for shipping from China to Australia at cost-effective rates.

Cost of Express Shipping from China to Australia

Being the fastest and easiest mode of transporting goods from China to Australia makes it the most expensive than sea and airfreight.

Unlike air freight, express shipping cost is calculated by dividing the volume of the consignment by 5000.

For instance, a cargo with package measuring 50cm by 50cm by 50cm and actual weight of 10kg; the dimensional weight shall be;

(50 x 50 x 50) cm / 5000 = 25kgs.

The service providers will always work with the greater weight between actual and dimensional weight.

Also, express shipping rates from China to Australia vary depending on particular courier service providers.

Factors Affecting Shipping Cost from China to Australia

Cost of shipping is a fundamental aspect when transporting goods from China to Australia.

As a reseller, it is always important to figure out the cost and determine the best ways of finding cost-effective shipping techniques.

Numerous factors affect the actual cost of shipping goods between these two countries.

However, the most notable ones include the following;

The Cost of Buying the Product.

Product cost is a vital element, which affects shipping costs directly.

In Australia, if you’re importing goods worth at least AUD$ 1000, you will have to take care of import duty and GST on them.

Additionally, insurance charges for high-value products is normally costly.

Eventually, you’ll have to incur extra charges, which may end up eating into your profits.

Therefore, you need to determine all these factors to enable you to negotiate with your respective manufacturer accordingly.

Shipping, Logistics, and Distribution Costs

International shipping is quite broad; hence factors in a number of logistics and distribution costs.

For instance, you must always consider the inland transportation costs for transporting the manufacturer’s consignment to the port of origin.

Similarly, the cost of transporting the goods from port of destination to your warehouse, office, or residence is a factor to consider.

In some cases, warehousing charges also come to play, especially where you store the consignment for a certain period due to varied reasons.

Importantly, you also need to factor in the costs surrounding distribution of the products to retailers.

Technically, all these costs affect the overall shipping cost when importing goods from China to Australia.

Therefore, it would be ideal to consider a suitable incoterm guaranteeing cost-effectiveness in the entire process.

Tariffs and Duties due to China on Export and Australia on Import

Ideally, different products are categorized into various tariffs.

It thus means you’ll pay different rates depending on the specific tariff a particular product falls into.

Importantly, you need to find other aspects of the products such as free trade agreements, excise duty, etc.

Also, you may want to know whether the goods are exempted from duties.

Ultimately, it may affect the overall cost you’ll incur when shipping the consignment between these two nations.

Taxes and tariffs on your Imported Goods

Australian customs authority is strict as far as payable taxes and duties for imported products are concerned.

Calculation of customs import duty is often as a percentage of price you pay for the products.

The rate may range from 0-10%, but in most instances, 5% is the common rate for several goods.

Additionally, the customs will charge you about AUD 200 as import entry costs and processing charges.

Goods and Service Tax (GST) is also charged based on the following aspects;

• Goods valuation
• Amount of customs import duty
• Insurance and transportation of the goods

Typically, GST is charged at a rate of 10% of the final amount.

Cost of Container when Importing from China to Australia

The cost of shipping container varies majorly based on the size.

Shipping containers come in two sizes; 20ft and 40ft.

Cost of a 20ft container is approximately AUD 2,200.

For a 40ft container, you’ll pay about AUD 2,900.

However, there is also an option of renting the container, which is a more cost-effective approach, especially for frequent buyers.

Essentially, the cost of renting a 20ft container is about AUD 150 per cubic meter or 1,000 kilograms.

On the other hand, the cost of renting a 40ft container is approximately AUD 250 per cubic meter or 1,000 kilograms.

These are mere approximates, which tend to change often depending on prevailing factors such as demand.

How to Pay for Shipping Costs when Dealing with China-based Freight Forwarder

When dealing with a Chinese-based freight forwarder, you can always use several options to pay for the shipping costs.

Importantly, you need to choose a suitable option, which fits your needs accordingly.

The essential freight payment methods you can use are as follows;

Cash against Goods

This refers to a check describing a specific transaction and what’s need to be paid.

Like any other forms of payment, cash against goods is also governed by a bill of exchange.

In this case, the freight forwarder relinquishes all control over goods whenever they’re shipped.

To protect the freight-forwarder, your bank guarantees shipment by accepting to pay for products outlined by bill of exchange.

Technically, your bank becomes liable to the freight forwarder upon receipt of the consignment.

Cash Against Documents

Virtually identical to the cash against goods, this method also hinges on the bill of exchange.

In this mode of payment, the freight forwarder gives your bank’s control.

Essentially, your bank is allowed to release the consignment and related documents only after receiving payment.

In other words, the freight forwarder ships the consignment to you in Australia.

You then pay your bank then the bank pays the freight forwarder.

Cash in Advance

It is arguably the simplest transaction method you can use to pay a Chinese-based freight forwarder for shipping goods to Australia.

Technically, you pay the freight forwarder in advance, way before the shipment is transported to your destination.

However, this type of arrangement is dependent on your relationship with the Chinese-based freight forwarder.

Letter of Credit

This method allows your bank to guarantee payment of freight costs on your behalf.

The bank only releases the payment once you receive the consignment facilitated by your freight forwarder.

However, letters of credit are usually detailed and largely depend on a bill of lading.

How to Select Cheapest and Fastest Way of Shipping from China to Australia

When shipping goods from China to Australia, vital factors to consider include, cost, convenience, safety, and transit time.

Therefore, you must base your choice on such factors to ensure you find the most appropriate one for your needs.

Some of the options you may want to go for include the following;

FCL Ocean Freight from China to Australia

FCL ocean freight is an ideal option when you’re shipping goods large enough to fit at least one container.

As such, calculation of the freight is based on FCL.

It is a relatively fast, convenient, and safe ocean freight method when shipping from China to Australia.

In FCL, the supplier loads and seals the consignment and is shipped to your final destination.

Notably, when FCL shipment arrives at your preferred port in Australia, it can only be delivered by truck since it is large.

LCL Ocean Freight from China to Australia

LCL ocean freight is a suitable choice if you’re shipping goods of a small volume of less than 15CBM.

Essentially, it entails combining your cargo with other shipping consignments for the same direction.

It is an ideal freight option to consider if you are shipping smaller cargo, which cannot necessarily make FCL a viable option.

Since LCL cargo is relatively small in volume, they are always delivered to your destination using trucks or express companies.

In LCL, a cubic meter (CBM) is used as the measurement unit for calculating freight cost.

Express Shipping from China to Australia

It is the fastest, easiest, safest, and most convenient shipping method for shipping goods from China to Australia.

Choosing this option means you won’t worry about customs clearance and duty payment.

Additionally, you’ll track your consignment easily at any time hence planning appropriately.

However, the unit price for this option is usually high compared to LCL and FCL ocean freight.

Therefore, it would be a suitable choice if your consignment contains fragile goods.

You can also consider it if you are shipping perishable products or when in urgent need of the goods.

Cheapest Time for Shipping from China to Australia

Freight rates, especially FCL sea freight and air freight rates, are affected by seasonal factors.

When shipping from China to Australia, remember to consider peak seasons in both China and Australia.

Some of the major peak seasons between these two countries include the following;

Chinese New Year

It is arguably the most celebrated season in a typical Chinese calendar.

Commonly known as CNY, it entails celebrating beginning of New Year on Chinese calendar.

This festive season often runs for at least 15 days, thus making many importers to rush and ship their consignments before the holiday begins.

At this time, the shipping cost is comparatively high due to the rush hence would be best to avoid it when interested in cutting shipping costs.

Chinese New Year often begins in the second week of February every year.

Golden Week

In China, Golden week refers to a collection of three national holidays celebrated jointly within 7-8 days.

It is always important to calendarize this event since most operations are usually halted to allow the celebrations.

Therefore, most importers tend to rush to beat the deadline before the holiday begins hence inflating the shipping rates.

Dragon Boat Festival

This is a traditional holiday normally celebrated on the 5^th day of the traditional 5^th Chinese month.

Essentially, this holiday serves as a commemoration of the life and death of a famous Chinese scholar known as Qu Yuan.

As such, it would affect shipping operations and somewhat raise the freight cost in a bid to beat the date.

Therefore, you can always plan early to ensure you ship your cargo earlier than the actual day to avoid incurring additional costs.

Holiday Shopping Season

For the longest time, China has been an ideal holiday shopping destination for many international customers.

Christmas, Singles day, Double Twelve, and 618 shopping festivals are among the popular holiday shopping seasons in China.

Ideally, it means the traffic is usually high, thus creating more demand for shippers.

Often, this increases freight cost, which can be disadvantageous, especially if you’re shipping large volume consignment.

Generally, to obtain the best freight rates when shipping from China to Australia, always ensure you observe all the major holidays.

It will enable you to plan accordingly to avoid the inevitable rush and get cost-effective rates.

How Incoterms Affect Shipping Prices from China to Australia

Essentially, incoterms refer to “how far” the supplier shall ship the consignment.

It translates to the amount you give the supplier for shipping.

The specific incoterm you choose determines how far you’d wish the Chinese supplier to ship your cargo.

Ordinarily, any Chinese supplier will quote a price based on the incoterm.

Without incoterm, you wouldn’t compare prices between different suppliers.

In a nutshell, determining the overall pricing for shipping cargo from China to Australia is largely dependent on the selected incoterm.

The Best Incoterm When Shipping from China to Australia

Choosing the best incoterm when shipping from China to Australia is dependent on a wide range of factors.

Ideally, the best incoterm would always be one that takes the shipment as far as possible.

However, for natural reasons, Delivered at Place (DAP) would be the ideal incoterm, especially for an inexperienced importer.

Under DAP terms, your supplier is responsible for delivering the goods from factory floor to your specified location.

DAP also includes inland freight to a specified address, be it your home, warehouse, or office.

The best would be to order from your supplier according to FOB terms and DAP shipment from your freight forwarder.

It simplifies the process, and at the same time enhancing maximum cost control and transparency.

For an experienced importer, EXW would be the best incoterm, particularly if you have a broad network in the industry.

EXW only gives you the quote for purchasing the commodities at the factory price.

You will arrange for picking, inland transport, sea freight charges, port discharge charges, and export clearance.

And this is vital since you can easily negotiate the shipping costs through your freight forwarder and getting a better deal.

Taxes and Customs Duties When Importing from China to Australia

Taxes and Customs duties are imperative components in international shipping.

When you are importing from China, your goods are never subjected to any export tax.

You only need to ensure that all aspects and paperwork surrounding the goods are in place to facilitate a faster export clearance process.

However, when the goods arrive in Australia, they are subjected to