Digital signage is a sub-segment of electronic signage that involves displaying digital images, videos, text e.t.c using technologies such as LCD, LED, and e-paper.

Due to the evolution of technology, lots of businesses now make use of digital signage to create public awareness about their products or services.

This guide tells you all you need to know about digital signage, the types, and how digital signage works.

After reading this guide, you will be able to choose the best digital signage for your business, and understand how it works.

Types of Digital Signage to import from China

When it comes to digital signage, there are lots of options available.

They vary in size, type of software used, type of screen used, and so on.

The different types of digital signage offer different benefits and are suitable for different types of business.

Hence it is important you know the types, to choose the appropriate one for your business.

The types of digital signage you can import from China include;

Digital Posters

These are probably the simplest of all digital signage displays currently in use around the world.

They are made up of LCD screens installed flat into the wall, and placed inside a small enclosure that can only contain a media player.

However, for a first time user of digital signage, digital posters are the best due to their ease of installation.

Digital posters can be used in either portrait or landscape scale.

Apart from being simple, digital posters also occupy very little space since they are placed flat against the wall.

You can use smaller versions of this type of digital signage as digital menu boards or point of sale advertisements.

Freestanding Digital Advertising Display

This type of digital signage involves using a display enclosure attached to the floor.

Freestanding digital displays can be very obstructive because their installation involves bolting the display stand to the ground.

This also makes them the center of attraction as they are hard to ignore.

You can replace the LCD TVs with touch screens and then convert it to digital signage kiosks.

Ceiling Mounted Digital Signage

In this type of digital signage, you mount an LCD screen on the ceiling.

While it is less obstructive than other types, it is also less eye-catching because not a lot of people would look up to the ceiling to notice it.

Outdoor Digital Signage

This type of digital signage display involves connecting to a network and keeping the display outside.

This type of display stays outside and as such, is vulnerable to theft and vandalism, hence it requires an LCD enclosure for security purposes .

They are the best type of digital signage for a brand that wants to create awareness to new/potential customers.

Outdoor digital signage has to be placed in a waterproof casing with proper cooling and ventilation.

This type of display is sometimes used as a digital billboard and is recommended for big businesses due to the cost it attracts.

Interactive Floor Standing Display

Interactive floor standing displays are tower-like structures that stand-alone, unattached to the wall or floor.

They are usually as tall as 32 inches, but not taller than 55 inches.

As the name implies, these displays allow customers to interact and get involved in the displays.

This type of display makes self-service easy for customers as they can shop on their own with little or no help from staff.

Interactive displays increase the impact your brand has on customers, because of the level of interaction it allows.

Interactive Digital Kiosks

This type of digital signage uses videos, music, and promo displays to attract consumer’s attention.

The biggest challenge of this display type is how to avoid becoming a part of the day-to-day hum of noisy distractions that consumers pay no attention to.

Consumers might find themselves paying more attention to this type of display.

This is due to how entertaining it is, without getting annoyed at the marketing idea behind it.

A-Frame Displays

A-frame digital signage displays are like digital posters, but unattached to the wall or floor.

They serve the same purpose as everyday poster holders, but they are more preferable and serve your business better.

Also, they display pertinent information for your consumers, and create better shopping experience.

This type of digital signage display leaves your business ringing in the customer’s mind long after they have left the site of the display.

You can change the content of your display whenever you deem fit, meaning that you can display several information to your customers by just pressing a button.

The major advantage of this type of digital display is that they are easy to move around, and can fit into whatever space you have in your store.

Mobile Displays

These types of displays are similar to the A-Frame displays, except that they are mounted on wheels to enable easy moving around.

They are the easiest type of digital signage to move around with, and are great for trade shows.

As you can move them from one location to the other providing your customers with information.

Indoor Digital Signage

This type of digital display, as the name implies, is mostly used indoors by businesses with a lot of information and updates for their customers.

Businesses who use indoor digital signage can update the contents of their screen instantly to make them more appealing to their customers.

Digital Menu Boards

This display type is mostly successful in bars and restaurants.

They can either be used alone or as part of a network of display signage.

Digital menu boards consist of an LCD monitor to display information.

Components/ Elements of Digital Signage Display

The different types of digital signage displays all have the same basic components in common.

These components are what make up a digital signage display package.

They are:

• Digital display
• Media player
• Content management system
• Content
• User

Digital signage can be complex or very simple, depending on its components.

Further details about these components are provided below:

i. Digital Display

This is the part of the digital signage that is seen by everybody.

Hence it has to be reliable and durable.

The display in digital signage could vary in style and size due to advancements in technology.

The first thing to do is to choose your preferred display.

Some of the available options include:

• Tablets: Tablets are the smallest available option when it comes to digital displays.

Due to their size, they are good for conserving space and can either be mounted on the wall or propped up on a flat surface using a stand.

If you decide to use a tablet as your display, they usually serve as the media player also.

• TV screens: these are the most commonly used type of display and they are available in different varieties.

TV screens are usually available either as commercial displays or consumer displays.

Commercial displays are more long-lasting and are suitable for businesses.

While consumer displays are more suitable for home-usage.

Both work well for digital signage.

• Video walls: these are made up of multiple displays put together like a collage, to form one image.

Each display shows a particular portion of the image which is called a zone.

Not all digital signage can make use of video walls for display.

• Computer monitors: these are usually available in sizes smaller than TV screens and are suitable for placing against a flat surface due to their in-built stands.

ii. Digital Signage Player/ Media Player

This is the device that feeds content to the digital display system.

The digital/ media player usually connects to the display through an HDMI cord plugged into a socket.

When using an Android TV or a digital signage ready TV, you do not need a media player.

iii. Content

This is perhaps the most interesting part of the digital signage system because it can come in so many different and unique forms.

The content of your display could come as images, video, or interactive content like social media feeds.

Besides, the content could make or mar your display as it is what guarantees the attention of the consumer is drawn to your display.

Having fresh, relatable, and engaging content is what differentiates an interesting digital display from all the daily advertising noise we try to ignore.

Your content could come as slides, graphics, animated graphics, 3D graphics, live feeds, and even database content.

iv. Content Management System (CMS)

This is the part of the digital signage which allows you to manage and configure your display content.

If you decide to use a cloud-based management system, you have access to your dashboard wherever you are.

So long as you have an internet connection.

Some other features available on the content management system include multiple user accounts, automatic updates, and content scheduling.

v. User

The last but not the least component of digital signage is the person behind the screen, the user.

Unfortunately, technology hasn’t gotten to the point where digital signage figures out contents and run itself, so the user is as important as all other components.

The content that is displayed depends on the user’s preference and choices.

Besides, the other components of the digital signage display also depend on the user.

This is, because it is up to you to choose your preferred screen, your preferred content management system, and also your preferred media player.

Though all parts of digital signage are important, the user is most important because he makes the other components work for him.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Digital Signage

When choosing digital signage, there are some factors that you need to put into consideration.

These factors include:

Type of Business and Purpose

Digital display signage can be used by both big and small businesses, but what works for a small business might not work for a large one and vice versa.

You also need to consider why you want digital display signage.

For example, the size of the display screen you would need to disseminate information indoor would not be the same as the one for outdoor display.

Audience

Another important factor you should consider is your audience.

The size of your audience and who your target audience is should factor in your choice of display signage.

Investment and ROI

Digital signage aims at creating awareness and possibly drive sales for your brand.

Therefore, another major factor you should also consider is how much digital signage would cost and what returns you would get on your investment.

How much business you would attract, using digital signage also factors in your choice.

Technology

This is made up of the hardware and software parts.

Hardware for Digital Signage

Majorly, the hardware used for digital signage includes digital signage display and the digital signage player.

There are many thin clients and signage players available in various OS versions like Android, Linux, Windows, Chrome OS (Chrome bit & Chrome box), etc.

There are options for having an embedded player with the displays LG & Samsung signage displays.

Also, there are many options for Android-based signage displays.

Displays can be any LCD, LED, or projection-based displays.

The type of display to be used can be decided by considering the specifications depending on the usage and ambient conditions.

Software for Digital Signage

Signage software primarily means content and signage device management software.

When it comes to choosing software for digital signage, certain factors have to be considered.

Factors like: how much it cost, the ease of use, how well it supports multiple user accounts.

Also, good digital signage software should be able to publish the right kind of content you require.

It should also provide you with the option to schedule your content.

Good digital signage software should be able to disseminate information as that is the main aim of every digital signage display.

The software should have the ability to manage network unmanned.

That is, it should have some automated features like auto restart, auto sleep.

Digital signage software should have inbuilt security and encryption.

The software should also be capable of providing status reports on the whole signage network from time to time.

Network

This is another important factor to consider when choosing digital signage.

The network is the backbone of the whole digital signage solution, and as such you need a really strong network to ensure good connectivity always.

Also, the digital signage software player & display should be capable of displaying — Images, Videos, Playlist, data from 3rd party application, social media, HTML5, web feeds, news site, RSS, JSON, streaming, Live TV along with signage content.

The type of content depends on the business type and the target audience.

So a business should choose software and display media players that are compatible with the content the business is putting out.

Maintenance and Operations

This is another factor to consider when choosing digital signage.

This is because it would be quite tedious using a digital signage display solution that is high maintenance and requires constant monitoring.

Benefits of Digital Signage

The benefits of using digital signage are many and cannot be overemphasized.

Below are some of these benefits which you would enjoy by using digital signage:

1. Digital signage displays are eye-catchy and attention-grabbing displays that ensure people pay attention
2. Digital signage displays encourage customer interaction and self-help services.

This means that customers can get all the information they need from the display and would only need an employee’s assistance when necessary.

Also, this reduces the possibility of bad customer service by more than 50%.

3. For companies with a chain of stores across different cities, digital signage is beneficial.

This is because you can change the displays at different locations at the same time without having to visit the stores physically.

4. Digital signage displays can also be changed automatically without any manual interaction with the system.

The required changes can be scheduled and the software makes the changes at the appropriate time without you having to lift a finger.

5. Digital signage also allows potential customers to recall and retain the information they see displayed.
6. The ability to seemingly reduce wait time is one of the benefits of digital signage.

Most people do not like waiting in line and long queues sometimes detract from the shopping experience.

But they’re less likely to mind the wait if they have attractive display signage showing information for them to go through.

7. Digital signage software provides analytics that helps you improve your business and sales.

Some of the displays have inbuilt video cameras that record the activities and behaviors of shoppers.

The digital signage analytics software can also provide the user information on shoppers product preference.

8. Digital signage is also an entertaining way of passing information.

People tend to ignore annoying advertisements and marketing campaigns, but digital signage uses images and sometimes entertaining video content.

9. If there is a need to spread emergency information in a public place, digital signage is a sure bet for this purpose.
10. Apart from improving the consumer experience, digital signage is also beneficial in enhancing internal communications.

Digital signage enables companies to pass information to their employees easily and effectively.

11. Using digital signage for your business improves the general outlook of your store. It makes your store look more modern.
12. Digital signage reduces the strain on your human resources.
13. You can make money for your business using digital signage by selling ad space to other non-competing businesses that share the same audience as yours.

Uses of Digital Signage

Digital signage is becoming more and more popular due to its being versatile and multipurpose.

Some of the uses are stated herein:

1. Perhaps one of the most important uses of digital signage is that it is used to pass information to the general public
2. Digital signage can be used to advertise products and services.
3. The display screens can be used as leaderboards for employees, thus motivating them to make more sales and have healthy competition.
4. They can be used to provide interactive wayfinding tools, for example, maps to enable people to locate their destination in public places like the mall.
5. Digital signage can be used to keep customers entertained
6. It can also be used to display reviews about your business
7. Digital signage can be used to answer frequently asked questions concerning your brand and services.
8. Instead of always displaying business information, you can use digital signage to display things like the weather forecast, date, and time for your staff and customers.

How Digital Signage Works

Once you get all the hardware for your digital signage in place, the software controls what happens on your display.

The digital signage’s content is powered by a media player or system-on-a-chip which pushes content to a display.

Users can then manage the content with a content management system, either on-site or within the cloud to change up content remotely.

For your digital signage to work, you need all the basic components to be in place.

Price of Digital Signage Display

When it comes to digital signage display, the price differs according to the type you choose.

Since different types of digital signage comprise different hardware and software, the prices also vary.

The cost for digital signage display hardware depends on your budget, the type of display screen you choose, and also the size of the screen you decide to use.

Digital signage display screens could cost as low as a few hundred dollars or as high as a few thousand.

The price depends on the brand, the screen resolution, and screen size.

Remember, the media player for digital signage display also varies in cost depending on how much you are willing to spend to procure it.

Other factors that determine cost include, the OS you want, and what you hope to achieve with your digital signage.

The cost of the software you use for your digital signage also depends on your budget and what you hope to achieve with the software.

Where to Install Digital Signage Display

The location of your digital signage display mostly determines how much of an impact it makes and how effective it will be in achieving your goals for it.

Below are some of the best places to install your digital signage display:

1. In areas with high traffic: placing your digital display signage in places where people tend to congregate. For example, in a lobby.
2. Your digital display signage should be installed at eye level because if it is placed above people’s heads or too low, that defeats the whole purpose of having it there in the first place.
3. Digital signage displays should be installed close to WiFi routers or within close range, to prevent interference.
4. If you’re using digital signage for your business, you might want to consider installing it behind the checkout counter.

This serves as a source of entertainment for your customer while they wait in line.

5. Digital signage displays can also be placed within arm’s reach of whatever products you’re advertising.

This provides the customer with information about the product they are about to buy.

6. The valet booth is also another interesting place to install digital signage displays. Customers could get more information about your social media pages and services as they leave your building.
7. You could also install digital displays in the conference room of your company.

This way, when no one is presenting your display screen can be showing motivational quotes, graphics, or updates for your employees.

8. Digital display signage can be displayed in the office break room.
9. If you have a large manufacturing company, you can install a digital signage display along manufacturing lines to display safety guidelines for your employees as they work.
10. Another place to install a digital signage display is in the elevator or around the elevator area.

You can display news and trends from around the world for your employees while they wait for the elevator.

Limitations of Using Digital Display Signage

As with everything else that has benefits, digital signage also has some limitations. These limitations include:

1. Some people find digital signage too busy and difficult for them to focus on
2. The initial cost of using digital signage might be more expensive than a lot of people can afford.
3. If there are technological malfunctions, it could be quite inconveniencing
4. Digital signage software requires a certain level of expertise to operate. This could be a huge challenge for people with no IT skills.
5. Due to the large initial cost of installation, calculating your return on investment might prove to be a herculean task.

Best TV Screens for Digital Signage Display

The TV screens below are some of the best screens you can use for your digital signage displays

TCL 6-SERIES LED TV

This comes in various sizes and is one of the best consumer display TV screens there is.

Some of its note-worthy features include; 4K UHD resolution with Dolby Vision HDR which is responsible for excellent detail and picture clarity, distinct colours, and three HDMI 2.O input devices.

Sony Bravia X750F LED

This one has excellent picture quality and android TV technology.

Some of its key features include;

• Energy-saving mode which helps reduces the amount of energy in use by reducing screen brightness

Narrow aluminum rims which give it a slim and sleek look

Samsung DC E-SERIES Commercial LED

As the name implies, it is a commercial display TV unlike the first two which are consumer displays.

This is a very cost effective commercial display screen.

Some of its key features include; it can function for 16 hours per day, 7 days a week.

It has a slim design with narrow sides.

Samsung PM-H SERIES Commercial LED

This one has a 1080 full HD display and is designed to run 24/7.

It has a great contrast ratio which will enable your video to be seen even in daylight.

Some of its most important features include; it has a slim profile and an embedded media player for easy content management.

Toshiba TD-Z SERIES Commercial LED

This TV offers premium quality due to its high HD resolution and ultra-wide viewing angle.

It has a durable professional design, landscape, and portrait mode orientations, coupled with a slim depth and narrow bezels.

Benefits of using Commercial Grade LCD for Digital Signage

1.) The major manufacturers of digital signage build their commercial-grade LCD to be durable and last for longer hours of use.

The screens can be on for 10 to 16 hours depending on the business type.

The commercial-grade LCD screens obviously last longer than their consumer counterparts.

2.) Commercial-grade display screens have clearer picture quality than consumer-grade display screens.

This is because the standard of brightness for the commercial-grade screens during manufacturing cannot be compromised below a specific level.

They have extra modules with backlights which are responsible for the vividness of the pictures even during the day.

3.) Commercial-grade digital signage display screens usually have extra features like custom software that allows business owners to show special promos to their audience.

Some commercial-grade screens have inbuilt technologies that make them sensitive to gestures and movement, which makes for better interaction with viewers.

4.) Commercial-grade digital signage screens are stronger than the normal consumer type screens.

Therefore, you can use them as often as you want and for as long as you desire without them packing up from over working within a short period.

Consumer TV displays are not as strong as the commercial-grade, thus not suitable for business use in digital display signage.

5.) The major benefit of using commercial-grade display screens is that customer support is readily available from the resellers.

So if you have an issue with your display screen, you can get help from the company in fixing the issue.

Available Sizes of Digital Signage in China

Below are some of the available sizes of digital signage in china:

1. 32-86 inch IP65 waterproof high brightness lcd outdoor advertising media player monitor android 3g/4g
2. 43 inch android kiosk advertising led display screen
3. 43, 49, 55,65, 75 86, 98” inch 2000-3000 NITS brightness outdoor lcd advertising touch kiosk
4. LED P4 512X1024mm digital signage
5. 37 inch lcd video shelf digital media stretched digital signage

How to Choose LED Screen vs LCD Screen for Digital Signage

Overall, most people prefer LED screens to LCD screens for digital signage, because of their clearer picture quality and reliability.

LED screens offer the following benefits:

• They have very bright screens
• The screens are good for outdoor use because they are unaffected by weather elements.
• LED screens are designed to conserve energy
• The designs are flexible
• They are easy to set up
• The screens do not require projection to use.c

The major disadvantage of these screens is that they mostly weigh a ton and require rigging systems.

LCD screens offer the following benefits:

• They are more affordable
• They do not weigh much, which makes them easy to carry about, and rig.
• They are capable of connecting with different input sources, especially VGA, and HDMI.
• The brightness of this screen type makes it suitable for indoor applications.

Its limitations include: options are limited when it comes to screen size and they cannot be used for outdoor purposes during the day.

How to Choose Media Player for Digital Signage

Below are some of the things you should consider when choosing a media player for digital signage:

• How many content formats does the media player support? A good media player should allow you to display your content in whatever format you prefer.
• The playback quality: A good media player should have very high-quality playback and be able to update content fast.

Compatibility with software: your media player should be able to work with any software, regardless of the operating system.

When you use an open-source media player, it is compatible with any software, hence your whole system is not limited.

Security of the operating system: a good media player should have a very secure operating system, to prevent unauthorized tampering with the content.

Why use 4K Screen Digital Signage

4K screens provide you with clearer picture quality.

The whole aim of digital signage is to draw attention, and using 4K screens makes your content easier to read even from afar.

Possible Storage Devices for Digital Signage

When it comes to where to store your content, there are two options available for you to choose.

They are: the solid-state drive (SSD, which is the newer option) and the hard disk drive (HDD, which is the older option).

A lot of people prefer SSD because it is fast, reliable and portable.

Although the SSD costs more than HDD, the HDD offers more st

This guide explores every piece of information you need to know about importer of record.

From the basic definition, importance, uses, and benefits, among other critical aspects.

Keep reading to learn more.

What Is Importer Of Record?

An importer of record is an official considered as the owner, consignee, or purchaser who has ownership of goods during importation.

The truth is that the importer of record can also be a customs broker with the right authorization.

Furthermore, the importer of record oversees the product payment of duties and classification.

The importer of record takes responsibility for every import obligation.

Should You Use Importer Of Record Services?

Yes, it is imperative for you to use an importer of record services whenever you import goods.

Using such services will come in handy as they are liable for securing goods from any terroristic threats.

The importer of record services accounts for every legal responsibility as they work under customs and border protection.

Who Should Use Importer Of Record Services?

It is often of benefit to use import of record service when you wish to import dual services.

Of course, this is in situations where you are not registered in the countries you wish to import to.

This is because the importer of record services will take care of your goods up-to where the goods are being imported.

Suppose you are registered to import the goods in different countries, but you do not have custom knowledge or accreditation that meets the custom compliance requirements.

Then it will be of benefit to use importer of record services.

Note that the processes involved in custom clearance of your goods are often complicated.

To top it all, you may be required to be in the customs office to offer them information about the goods.

Instead of going through such a hustle, it will be of benefit to make use of an importer of record services.

Can The End User Or Consignee Be The Importer Of Record?

There are times that the government might register the end-user to import in the country.

However, often than not, the end-user often does not like to be involved in the import process.

Also, the end-user may lack personnel familiar with the process.

So the best solution would be to hire an importer of record service.

Also, a consignee would not want to be enlisted as an importer of record.

This is because if the consignee is enlisted as an importer of record, the goods will become a taxable asset.

What Do Importer Of Record Services Offer? 

Importer of record service help ensure that the client understands every detail concerning trade compliance.

The importer of record service involves themselves in importing responsibilities such as:

1. Provides freight services is required.
2. Offers shipment status reports.
3. Gives storage solutions.
4. Takes care of all levies, pre-paid charges, and customs charges.
5. Responsible for custom clearance: While doing this, the importer of recorder service will clear your shipment through all the required custom channels.
6. The importer of record service will ensure that you have a pre-ship import license, permits, and necessary documents that will help you have a good compliance check.

Are There Any Importer Of Record Charges?

There are few changes that you are liable to pay anytime you use an importer of record.

Here are some of the charges you will incur:

Importer of Record Fee

This is the cost of being an importer of record.

The value of the goods often influences the amount paid.

Importer Approval Charges

These charges entail; the cost of permits, labeling, import of license approvals, and electronic data interchange.

Customs Clearance

The charges consist of; customs brokerage, agent handling, airport handling, customs inspection and processing, customs clearance process, and warehousing.

In Country Delivery

The cost involves transporting the goods in the designated country from the port to the end-user.

This can also be referred to as last mile delivery.

Note that the cost is influenced by the dimension of the cargo and the weight.

Tax and Duties

This includes the government import fee and destination country customs.

Note that the import regulation of the country influences these charges.

What Is The Difference Between Importer of Record and Consignee?

A consignee is an entity that takes ownership of goods once the customs clear them.

In most cases, the consignee is the one liable for paying import duties and taxes.

The consignee can be the under user or any other firm.

An importer of record is an entity liable for ensuring that the goods being imported align with the international or local import legislation.

The importer of record ensures that all the import preparations are complete.

They also submit all the import documentation.

For some people, they tend to confuse between an import of record and a consignee.

The confusion arises as both entities deal with the import of goods.

Besides, the main difference is that the importer of record is an accredited official allowed by the government to act as an importer.

A consignee cannot take up such a role.

Also, the importer of record services are well accustomed to the customs laws. Something that most consignee lack.

If you do not wish to have any confusion about who owns the goods when you conduct a transaction with a supplier or distributor, then make use of an importer of record.

This is because they will temporarily own the goods until the goods are imported.

What Information Should You Have to Receive a Quote for Importer of Record Service?

If you need a quote from the importer of record service, here is some of the information you need to have:

1. The city and country the client wants the goods delivered to.
2. Your company’s name and address.
3. The product’s value, description, code, and quantity.
4. ECCN number and HS code (If you are not familiar with these terms, ensure that you check on our Glossary of Terms for you to have a better understanding of the terms.)
5. If available, ensure that you provide the dimensions and weight of the package.

What Is Importer Of Record Number?

The importer of record number is a unique identifier that the customs authority of the importing country assigns.

In the simplest manner, the importer of record number acts as a social security number of any importing entity.

Note that there are no set standards for the importer numbers.

Additionally, the importer numbers tend to have different formats.

Every importer needs an importer number as it is used to track the goods imported in the country.

The importer number tends to expire. The expiration date differs in every country.

Therefore, before making any commitments, it is best to confirm if your importer number is still valid.

What Are the Responsibilities of Being an Importer of Record?

An importer of record is responsible for:

1. Ensuring that the goods obey the import regulation set in the country.
2. Payment of duties, taxes, and any other fee required while importing goods.
3. Filling the right permits, documents, and licensing of the goods.
4. Product classification.
5. Border and customs protection.
6. Aid with accessing custom bond paperwork for imports.
7. Ensuring that they have a power of Attorney at hand in case the importer cannot be there during the delivery time.

Can A Foreign Company Be an Importer of Record?

Yes, a foreign company can be an importer of record.

However, customs and border protection requires the foreign company to have an agent in the state where the goods are being imported.

For you to be recognized as a foreign company importer of record, you need to have an importer number issued by the country you are importing the goods to.

Also, you need to have custom goods for your cargo.

Ensure that you have a copy of the importer’s article of incorporation.

Also, you need a document that allows you to have the power of attorney that will come in handy during the customs clearance.

Make certain that the document is signed by two of your firm’s officers.

Include the formal ID documents for the two officers.

What Does Importer of Record Mean in Shipping?

In shipping, the importer of record is the party liable for ensuring that all goods being imported follow the legal and customs rules.

How Do You Become an Importer of Record?

If you wish to become an importer of record, here are some of the qualifications you ought to meet. Note that the list is not limited to:

1. You ought to own the goods being imported or have a financial interest in them.
2. A copy of a contract between the consignee and the importer.
3. An original copy of the arrival notice.
4. A confirmation of the sale, this ought to have the purchaser’s signature.
5. An original endorsed bill of landing.
6. A copy of the CBP form 301 bond.
7. A proof that the importer is endorsed to conduct business in their state.
8. Submit any contract the importer might have between them and the manufacturer.
9. Have verification of the point of contact and the firm that takes the goods’ command upon cargo release.

What Are the Benefits of Importer of Record?

Here are some of the benefits of importer of record:

• The importer of record will perform compliance that is needed to define the import restrictions.
• By using an importer of record, you are certain that you will have simple custom clearance.
• The importer of record will take care of every inventory registry and compliance.
• By making use of an importer of record, you will save the cost of having an understanding of the legal entities in the country.
• If the client needs warehousing and storage, the importer of record can offer the solution.
• Importer of record maintains records for the minimum time needed by the client based on the region’s law.
• Depending on the service the importer of record offers, there are some who offer logistics, door-to-door service, and a distribution center.
• Having to use such a service will save up costs as you will not be required to outsource such services to other firms.

When Is Importer of Record Required?

You will want an importer of record whenever you need to import goods to another country.

What Is the Difference Between an Importer of Record and A Custom Broker?

A customs broker is a person or entity that acts on behalf of the importer.

The authority licenses the customs broker for them to submit all documents required to clear the goods through the local customs.

An importer of record is an entity accountable for the import process.

The main difference between a customs broker and an importer of record comes is clear when establishing their responsibilities.

A customs broker cannot pay tax duties and is not responsible for ensuring that the goods arrive safely to the end-user.

Generally, an importer of record can act as a customs broker.

However, this is rare for a customs broker to be an importer of record.

This is because the whole process is complicated and that a lot of skill is required to import the controlled goods.

Who Is the Importer of Record On DDP Shipments?

In DDP, an importer of record is defined as the foreign shipper of the cargo.

The foreign shipper is required entitled to obtain a customs bond by a customs broker through a freight forwarder.

How Long Does An Importer Of Record Service Take?

It is quite hard to foretell the particular time the importer of record service will take.

This is because the duration is influenced by factors like the country you shipping to and the consignment you are shipping.

In some cases, the importer of record service might take two to three days.

Although if the country has complex and complicated regulations, the importer of record of service might take longer.

The good thing is while requesting the quote, the importer of record service will offer you an estimate of the time they will take.

Often than not, the importer of record will inform you about every step of the way.

If My Goods Are Not Dual Use, Do I Still Need an Importer of Record?

Yes, you will still need an importer of record.

This is particularly true, especially if the consignee is unwilling to act as an importer of record.

In most cases, the consignee may be reluctant to be involved in the importing process as they may lack the experience to complete the process.

In other cases, the consignee may not have the right legal requirements needed to clear the goods.

Hence, if this is the case, whether your goods are dual-use or not, it is best to make use of an importer of record.

Can I Use a Logistic Provider When Using an Importer of Record Service?

Yes, you can use a logistic provider while still using an importer of record service.

The logistic provider will come in handy while meeting your freight services.

However, in other countries, it is best to make use of the importer of record service’s freight forwarder.

This will help ensure that there is a smooth operation.

If the importer of record service requires you to use their freight forwarder, it will be listed on the quote.

What Is Required to Start an Importer of Record Service?

You ought to have a packaging list, commercial invoice, and a product sheet for all the shipped products.

Note that more information may be required in certain countries depending on how complicated the importing process is in the country.

All the documents required are noted in the quotation provided by the importer of record service.

Which Regions Should You Use Importer of Record When Importing Goods?

Most countries require the goods being brought in their jurisdiction to have an importer of record behind it.

To avoid having any issues while clearing your goods, it is best to use an importer of record within any part of the region.

However, there are courses of events where you may not need an importer of record.

If you are importing your goods from countries like Canada, United States, and any country in the European Union, you can be your own IOR.

Such countries are referred to as open markets.

In these countries, it is relatively easy to conduct international trade.

Does The Importer of Record Own the Goods?

This question often arises whenever a client is making use of an importer of record.

There is a difference between the importer of record and the recipient of goods.

In most cases, the importer of record owns the goods.

However, the duration of ownership varies as it is often determined by the Incoterms of the batch.

In the scenario where the importer of record is also the recipient of goods.

Then the ownership of the cargo transfers according to the regulations set by Incoterms and remains permanent.

Case in example, in FOB shipment, the ownership of the cargo is changed to the importer of record once the goods are loaded on the shipment.

If a third party is involved, such as a freight forwarder, they tend to have temporary ownership of the goods during the importing process.

Note that the Incoterms of shipment recognize the temporary ownership.

Once the goods are disparaged to the end-user, the ownership changes from the third party to the final recipient.

Can The Exporter Be the Importer Of Record? 

In particular situations, an exporter is allowed to be the importer of record.

However, for you to have a smooth process, it is best that you choose a service that is good in import and export services.

This is because IT equipment is often strictly regulated.

Therefore, if you need to import and export the hardware in different regions, you need to work with a company that understands what they are doing.

Are There Any Limitations to Using Importer of Record?

The one limitation you might encounter while using the importer of record is the charges involved from using the importer of record.

There are various charges you will incur, and it can be quite expensive to make use of their service.

What Is the Difference Between Importer of Record and Export of Record?

An export of record is an individual or entity that ensures that the goods being exported abide by the given destination’s legislation’s international and local laws.

An import of record is a person or entity that makes certain that the goods being imported abide by international and local laws.

This is of the declared destination’s legislation.

An importer of record and export of record has some similarities in them.

The difference is more definitive when establishing the importer of record’s responsibilities and the export of record.

How to Find the Right Importer of Record Service?

There are few factors that you need to factor in while choosing an importer of record service.

The good thing about working with an excellent importer of record service is that they will help you have an easy shipping process.

Moreover, by using the right importer of record, you are certain that your goods are safe.

Make certain that you check the following factors while choosing an importer of record service.

1. Experience

The shipping process is not an easy task.

Hence, it will be of help to make use of a service that has ample experience in the industry.

Note that with the right experience, the importer of record service will know the documents or licenses they need for your goods to be cleared.

Also, the experienced importer of record service will have built a good rapport with the customs that will come in handy while clearing your goods.

2. Reputation

This is an important element that you ought not to ignore.

If the importer of record service has a bad reputation, you are likely to encounter a lot of frustrations from them.

There are various methods you can make use of while assessing on the service’s reputation.

One you could choose to make use of their site to check on the kind of reviews they might have received from their previous clients.

If the importer of record service has many negative remarks compared to the positive ones, then do not use them.

However, you ought to be careful while using this approach.

For the reason that there are times when the service might alter the comments.

For you to be certain that the approach you are using will offer accurate results, it is best that you make use of referrals.

If you have a companion or a colleague who might have used an importer of record service before, make sure that you ask them for a referral.

While conversing with the individual, ensure that you ask many questions that will help you know more about the company.

3. Cost

Remember that there are various charges you will incur from using the importer of record service.

The good thing is that most of these services tend to have dissimilar charges.

It will be of benefit if you make use of this information as you can compare different importer of record service’s fee.

Although do not make the mistake of entirely focusing on this element.

This is because you may end up working with a really cheap importer of record service.

But, in the end, be disappointed by the kind of service they offer.

Ensure that you also make use of quotes as they will help you avoid incurring unexpected charges.

4. Excellent Communication

It will be of benefit to make use of a service that sees the need to keep their clients up-to-date.

It can be quite challenging to assess if the company has excellent communication before working with them.

However, there are few things you can check, such as how fast they respond to your calls or emails.

If they delay responding to your messages, they might fail to have excellent communication.

5. Services Available

Before choosing an importer of record service.

It is ideal that you assess the kind of services they can offer.

There are the importer of record services that can offer warehousing and freight forwarder services.

Whereas there are those that do not have these services.

Hence before choosing the service, it is ideal that you assess your needs.

This will give you a give clear picture of the kind of services you need from the importer of record service.

6. License

You ought to ensure that the importer of record service has the right accreditation to conduct their service.

In most cases, the service often shares some of the licenses they have.

However, if it is not present, it is best that you ask for proof; you could ask for their license number.

By having their license number, you can easily check if their license number is legit.

Where Can I Find an Importer of Record Service?

There are different avenues you can make use of while trying to locate an importer of record service.

Here are some of the practices you can make use of:

· Making use of the Internet

With the available information we have at our disposal, it is quite easy to find an importer of record service.

The good thing about using this method is that it is inexpensive.

All you need is a working internet network, a smartphone, or a laptop, and you are good to go.

While using this approach, it is best that you ensure that you are wary of being duped.

Note that not all information available on the web is accurate.

In most cases, unlicensed services tend to offer inaccurate information about them, such as their address.

Hence check on these small vital details to ensure that you do not get duped.

· Visiting an Importer of Record Service’s Office

Physically going to their office is another way of finding an importer of record service.

The benefit of physically going to the office is that you will have a clear picture of what the company entails.

It will be easier for you to make the right decision as your evaluation of how the company presented itself will guide your decision.

The downside of using method is because it is quite expensive having to go from one office to another trying to find the right service for you.

The other downside of using this method is that it takes a lot of time.

This is because while making your visits, you will end up asking the prospects many questions, which in turn will consume a lot of time.

· Using a Third Party to Help you Find an Importer of Record Service

This is another method that can be of help while trying to find an importer of record service.

The third-party could include a consignee or a customs broker.

While using the third party, it is best that you ensure that they are involved in importing.

If they are not, it will be hard for them to allocate the right importer of record service for you.

A good third party personnel has the right connections and good relationships with people in their industry.

There are times the custom broker or consignee may ask for a fee while helping you to allocate an importer of record service.

Also, this might not be the best method to use if you are in a hurry to find an importer of record service.

This is because it is not easy to tell when the third party will find the right importer of record service for you.

· Making Use of Referrals

This is an approach that delivers the best results while trying to find an importer of record service.

Asking for referrals is inexpensive.

All you need is to inquire if some of your colleagues might have used an importer of record service before.

If they have, ensure that you ask how the service served them.

The good thing about requesting for referrals is that it is a reliable source.

Once you are pleased with a particular service, you can invest in them.

In case you have any questions about importer of records, feel free to contact us.

Before you import from China to Eurozone or any global market, your products should have CE certification.

So, if you want to know what CE is, benefits, why you need it, validity period or any other information concerning this certification, you will find it right here.

Keep reading to learn.

What is CE Certification?

CE certification is a self-accreditation scheme to demonstrate the products comply with the respective European directives.

These directives revolve around health, safety, and environmental protection legislation.

The letters are an acronym for Conformité Européene, which merely means European Conformity.

Essentially, CE certification is proof that the product meets minimum legal requirements of the relevant directive.

Conformity to such directives allows the product to be placed legally on the market of a European member state.

Commodities meeting the minimum CE certification requirements are marked with a logo showing their compliance.

Consequently, such products enjoy free movement across the EU trading member states.

In that regard, the European Commission often refers to CE certification as the “European Passport” for goods.

Importance of CE Certification

CE certification is fundamental to both manufacturers and end-users in the European market.

Some of the reasons why this marking is important are as follows;

1) Renders Assurance Regarding Safety and Protection

Several products, especially electronics, tend to have unseen hazards likely to become prominent as days go by.

It means the end-users are more likely to get affected by exposure to such products when frequently used.

However, CE certification assures unparalleled safety and protection to end-users.

The product remains authentic and hazardless as long as the consumer uses it under stipulated operating conditions.

2) Global Recognition

CE is a globally recognized certification standard for product safety and protection.

Most commodities with CE marking can be sold in different parts of the world without any legal barrier.

Additionally, the CE marking allows a manufacturer to declare the commodity meets European standards of safety legislation.

3) Standardized Marking

Under EU directives, manufacturer hardly needs to serve different regulations when producing their products.

In essence, it helps the manufacturers and traders to overcome unnecessary inter-state conflicts over regulations.

Technically, manufacturers do not need to adopt distinctive bylaws to produce commodities for the respective markets.

4) Seamless Trading of Commodities

The essence of CE certification is to boost trading of different commodities between EU countries.

CE marking emerges as a global accreditation of safety and protection.

It is necessary since it enables the end-users to overcome skepticism regarding product vulnerability.

Ordinarily, this certification helps manufacturers in gaining credibility for their product line over time and to confront competition easily.

Moreover, CE certification gives your business relatively easy access into the European market to sell your commodities without adaptation or rechecking.

How to Check if a Product is CE Certified

Ideally, the easiest way to determine whether a product is CE certified is by checking the symbol.

The CE certification symbol should be on specific products, packaging, or information it came with.

If you’re suspicious, the manufacturer could be misusing the CE certification symbol;you can request certificate conformity or performance declaration.

This provides test results and other details about how the commodity meets the relevant requirements.

Types of Products that need CE Certification

Ideally, not all products sold in the European Union need to bear the CE certification symbol.

This marking is only mandatory for commodities falling under the scope of one or more European Commission product directives.

Often, this is referred to as New Approach Directives.

Here are some of the product groups, which CE marking applies;

• Active implantable medical equipment
• Devices burning gaseous fuels
• Construction products and appliances
• Hot water boilers
• Lifts
• Machinery
• Measuring instruments
• Recreational craft
• Toys
• Eco-design of energy-related commodities
• Radio equipment
• Household refrigerators and freezers
• Diagnostic medical devices
• Basic pressure vessels
• Pressure equipment
• Explosive for civil uses
• Cableway installations to carry persons
• Measuring devices
• Non-automatic weighing devices
• Electromagnetic compatibility
• Telecommunications terminal equipment
• Personal protective equipment
• Pyrotechnics

Who issues CE Certification for Importing from China

CE certification is issued by the respective Notified Body in China when importing from the same country.

Essentially, a notified body refers to a conformity assessment agency, which has been notified by a member state of European Commission.

The role of the notified body, in this case, is to conduct conformity assessment activities for a given directive.

This body is evaluated by the competent state authority in the particular directive for which it is notified.

As a buyer, it is your responsibility to obtain the CE certification when importing from China.

Technically, you have to ensure you obtain a Technical File and Declaration of Conformity documents to validate the certification.

Countries that Require CE Certification

There are about 31 countries within the European Economic Area that require CE certification, which include the following;

• Three-member states of the European Free Trade Association, i.e., Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein.
• All the 28 European Union member states i.e.
• Austria
• Belgium
• Bulgaria
• Croatia
• Cyprus
• Czech Republic
• Denmark
• Estonia
• Finland
• France
• Germany
• Greece
• Hungary
• Ireland
• Italy
• Latvia
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Luxembourg
• Malta
• Netherlands
• Poland
• Portugal
• Romania
• Slovakia
• Slovenia
• Spain
• Sweden
• United Kingdom

Difference between CE and EC Certification

Ideally, there is a thin line between CE and EC certification.

CE is a conformity mark symbolizing the compliance of the commodity with all the necessary applicable European Community directives.

The specific directives and technical standards in CE often vary depending on the product type.

On the other hand, EC certification is a Declaration of Conformity in form of a written statement drawn up by the manufacturer.

It demonstrates the fulfillment of EU requirements in relation to a product bearing CE marking.

This declaration must be in respect of all community acts applicable.

That is, to the product containing all information necessary for identification of Community harmonization legislation relating to the declaration.

How to get CE Certification

When seeking CE certification, it is vital first to establish the particular directives that apply to the particular commodity.

It is relatively impossible to draw up hard-and-first-rules and also fundamental to seek independent advice if in doubt.

Importantly, you need to understand that not all CE directives relate to products.

For instance, General Product Safety Directive requires CE marking, nor a particular Directive applies to all products described by the title.

Again, Machinery Directive hardly applies to every conceivable product, which might necessarily be termed as a machine.

Therefore, there is a need to study the specific regulations implementing the Directives.

Is CE Certification Mandatory when Importing from China

Not really.

CE certification is only mandatory if you are importing goods from China to the European Union market.

For other countries such as Australia, the USA, or any other market, this particular certification is not mandatory.

You may consider it since it places high standards on safety, environment, and health protection on the commodities.

And this gives it an upper hand when it gets to other non-European markets.

However, it is not mandatory in any other market apart from the European Union member states.

CE Certification Process

CE certification process is relatively meticulous and involves a number of fundamental elements.

There are  different steps involved in getting CE certification, and they include the following;

1. Finding CE Directives Applicable to your Product

This first step entails determining if your product is covered under one or more of the available CE directives.

A directive essentially is a legislative act of the European Union.

It requires member states to adapt their national goals to harmonize the EU rules in the area.

2. Understand the Essential Requirements of your Product

Each directive details the specifics the EU legally needs for the commodity to be compliant, also known as essential requirements in the directive.

These requirements are somewhat general and hardly details how to design a product to meet the essential requirements.

3. Figure-out of you need Third Party Assessment

Some directives demand that products must be tested and accredited by third party organization.

In essence, this helps in ensuring their conformity with applicable essential requirements.

There are directives, which indicate the manufacturer must use a Notified Body for particular products.

4. Assessing Product Conformity

This step involves testing and documenting how your product performs.

Every directive outlines the specific conformity assessment procedures a manufacturer can undertake.

Conformity assessment modules are classified into eight categories.

5. Creating and Maintaining Technical Documentation

All CE certification directives impose an obligation to the manufacturer to design and make available technical documentation.

This documentation should contain information demonstrating the product conforming to the respective requirements of the directive.

6. Declaration of Conformity

This is about certification of products compliance with CE marking directives.

Essentially, it is an acknowledgment by the manufacturer that they are responsible for compliance of its commodities with applicable directives.

7. Counter-check with other National Requirements

The essence here is to ensure there are no other purely national requirements existing in the particular country where the commodity is to be sold.

8. Arrange for Product Testing

At this point, all you need is to make sure the products are ready to undertake the respective testing process.

9. Affixing CE Mark

CE symbol must be affixed to all new products regardless of the country of manufacturing, used, and second hands or modified.

However, directions may exclude the application of CE symbol on particular products, but these often vary from one product to another.

Validity Period of CE Certification

It is contingent on some specific factors surrounding the product directive.

For instance, under the current systems, CE certification issued by Notified Bodies tend to be valid for three years.

The validity period for some high-risk devices may be one year only.

Nonetheless, the status of CE certification is largely dependent on maintaining the quality of your system.

On the other hand, the EC Declaration of Conformity is valid for an indefinite period.

It stays valid for the commodity for as long as there are no major changes made on the product, such as;

• Change of original operation
• Change of type
• Change of original intended use
• Use of new suppliers
• Use of other components

Under such circumstances, the product is regarded as a new product, thus the need for a re-evaluation certification process.

A proposal for a new EC Declaration of Conformity based on new guidelines needs to be developed.

The EC Declaration of Conformity must thus be kept for at least ten years after the last date of product manufacturer.

An exception to this is only when the directive expressly indicates another term.

Why it is Important to Use a Notified Body for CE Certification

Technically, the major role of a Notified Body is to review the Declaration of Conformity, lab-test report, and technical file.

This body assesses whether your product conforms to the vital requirements listed in the relevant directive.

Some of these requirements include inspection, quality assurance, design examination, or a combination of these.

Subsequently, it issues an EC certificate once they approve the documents.

Furthermore, using a Notified body allows you to benefit from expert knowledge, experience, independence, and resources.

Is CE Certification Mandatory in the USA

No.

The US system does not use CE marking or any other general conformity marking.

Same federal agencies conduct both the design of safety requirements and inspection on compliance of products in the US.

Moreover, product requirements in the US are based on national laws as enacted by congress.

Therefore, CE is never considered as a compulsory certification marking for products in the USA.

Can all Chinese Manufacturers Produce CE Compliant Products

No.

Actually, it is rather the opposite because only a few about 5-10% of Chinese manufacturers can produce CE compliant goods.

Even so, it doesn’t imply that an entire factory can be CE compliant.

CE marking is based on a particular product.

Even manufacturers that demonstrate previous compliance such as past test reports do not always manufacture CE marked products by default.

Looking at previous CE compliance when selecting an ideal manufacturer is a way to determine a supplier’s ability to produce compliant products.

A manufacturer can hardly be CE compliant by default regardless.

Thus, before making an order, you need to ensure the supplier is aware of your compliance requirements.

It allows you to prevent severe compliance issues likely to arise from simply referring and considering a particular Chinese manufacturer as CE compliant.

Always confirm the exact CE directives your products need to comply with and communicate them to the manufacturer accordingly.

To verify compliance, you must implement the necessary testing and certification procedure.

You cannot rely on existing CE certification, but you must submit reference prototypes to a testing company before mass production.

Documentation of CE Certification

CE certification revolves around a number of documentation to facilitate the marking process of the product.

The documentation involves the following;

a) Declaration of Conformity

Abbreviated as DoC, this document is issued either by the importer or manufacturer.

It is the primary document for demonstrating compliance to the respective government bodies, retailers, and end-users.

DoC contains the following details;

• Product identification
• Product features
• Name and address of manufacturer/importer
• List of EN standards or directives
• Location
• Responsible individual

b) Technical File

This is a document regarding the various technical aspects of a commodity combined with testing and quality protocols and documents.

As an importer, you are also required to set up a technical file in addition to the DoC document.

Technical file contains the following information at a minimum;

• Items description
• Concept prototype (drawings, designs, wiring, component scheme, part list, sub-assemblies, etc.)
• List of standards applied partially or fully
• Testing and quality control procedures
• Test reports and quality control details
• Marking and labeling copies
• Risk assessment

Nevertheless, the specific details a technical file shall include are outlined in the applicable CE directive.

Technical file cannot be made public or shared with retailers and end-users, unlike DoC.

You must present it to the only upon request by the EU or local authorities.

As an importer, you thus need to obtain this document from your respective Chinese manufacturer.

Technical file contains detailed product information like product prototype; thus manufacturers are never willing to issue it before you place an order.

In the same regard, the best way to get a technical file is by creating it entirely on your own.

And this is never an issue, especially when creating custom-made products.

However, technical files for private label products need a particular extent of reverse engineering.

c) User Manual

A user manual is a mandatory document, which you must create and should capture the following details;

• Product installation instructions
• Safety details
• Overview of relevant parts and respective names of the product
• Instructions on how to use the product
• Recharge/Refill instructions of the product
• Product disposal in environmental-friendly instructions

d) Test Report

It is part of a technical file, but you can never rely entirely on the manufacturer’s test reports.

Customs officials and consumer market surveillance authorities usually request test reports to verify products’ compliance.

Technically, these authorities have a legal right to seize and order a recall for any commodity they deem unsafe.

Importantly, you need to be cautious of unscrupulous suppliers issuing fake CE documents in China and the EU.

Some documents such as CE certificate, CE compliance Assessment, and Attestation of conformity can be misleading.

They are issued based on technical and file test reports.

However, most of these documents are often issued without undertaking any of such reviews.

Even if such a review takes place, a third-party CE certificate can hardly be a replacement for DoC, technical file, and lab test report.

Manufacturer’s Responsibilities Regarding CE Certification

Ideally, a manufacturer refers to the party responsible for designing and producing the product.

The objective of the manufacturer is always to place the product either under their brand or buyers’ name.

In CE marking, it doesn’t matter whether the party involved designs, manufacturers, processes, labels, and packs the product.

It also never matters in CE certification whether the manufacturer subcontracts out full or part of their respective responsibilities.

Principally, the manufacturer’s responsibility herein is ensuring products are designed and created in compliance with relevant legislation.

Moreover, they should draw up the necessary technical documentation and ensure correct assessment procedures are undertaken.

Immediately the manufacturer demonstrates compliance, and they need to write up a performance declaration.

Alternatively, they can write up a certificate of conformity and affix a CE mark to the commodity.

Other responsibilities of the manufacturer regarding CE certification include the following;

• Keeping records such as technical documentation and declarations of performance.
• Making sure ideal procedures are in place to help in maintaining conformity consistency in series productions.
• Ensuring all products bear a unique type, batch, or serial number vital for identification purposes. It may also be incorporated into the packaging or document accompanying the product.
• Indicating the name, registered business name, and address. It should also be on the product, packaging, or document accompanying the commodity.
• Ensuring the product contains instructions and safety details in a language the end-users can easily understand.
• Taking appropriate measures in case the product is deemed non-compliance to respective regulations.

This may include correcting the fault, withdrawing, or recalling the product from the market.

• Providing relevant authorities with information and documentation as necessary to exhibit conformity of the product.

Importer’s Responsibilities Regarding CE Certification

Technically, when you are importing products manufactured overseas, your main responsibility is ensuring compliance with applicable directives.

In these circumstances, the importer is considered the manufacturer.

There are numerous instances where importers have failed to produce requested documentation to demonstrate CE marking compliance.

Subsequently, customs authorities have blocked entry for such shipments into the respective country of destination.

Seller’s Responsibilities Regarding CE Certification

The legal responsibility of a seller in CE certification is to ensure all products they sell have correct CE marking.

In most European countries, the penalty for supplying non-compliant products is imprisonment or a hefty fine.

Regulations allow authorities to enter a premise, test the products and impound both the documentation and commodities.

The authorities also have the legal rights to force manufacturers to recall products or replace the faulty ones.

Relationship between CE Certification and Product Liability

European Product Liability Directive stipulates that consumers don’t have to prove a product has caused damage.

It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to demonstrate the product is not faulty since they are liable for damage caused by a defect.

CE certification often includes minimum safety requirements.

Therefore, manufacturers can use certificates of conformity test reports and other relevant documentation to prove compliance.

Even so, CE certification doesn’t indicate a product is approved to be safe by the EU or any other relevant authority.

How CE Marking is Enforced

Several agencies enforce CE certification with the aim of preventing misuse of the mark.

Ideally, enforcement of this certification varies depending on different directives.

Some are enforced by local Trading Standards Departments (TSD) and others by HSE among others.

It is necessary since it guarantees product safety is maintained.

In each member state within the European Union has nominated public authorities known as Market Surveillance Authorities.

These authorities are tasked with making sure that CE certification is enforced in various businesses and imports from the Non-EU region.

What happens if a Product Fails CE Certification Test

In case a product fails to meet the CE certification, it cannot legally be sold in any European Union member state.

And should the manufacturer falsely CE marks a product, the maximum penalty is three months imprisonment.

A fine of 5,000 Euros is also imposed on the director of the offending company.

These penalties are also imposed on a manufacturer who fails to CE mark a commodity for which it is required.

In other words, a product that does not meet CE certifications is unacceptable in the European Union market.

At Tj chinafreight, we ensure all your products have CE certification before shipping from China.

For any questions or inquiry about CE certification or any other certification, Tj chinafreight team is here to help – contact us.

If you’re planning to import LCD screen from China, read this guide.

It has all information that will help you find high performance, durable and reliable LCD screen at affordable prices.

Whether you want to know the history, advantages, disadvantages, technology or applications of LCD – you will find everything right here.

Keep reading to learn more.

When were LCD Screens Introduced?

The first LCD screen was introduced in 1968.

This invention was done and put into a demonstration by a team of four (4) namely:

• Bernard Lechner.
• J. Marlowe.
• O. Nester.
• Tults.

However, it was Bernard Lechner while working for RCA laboratories that conceived the idea.

The four introduced a matrix of 18*2 dynamic scattering mode.

What is an LCD Screen?

Popularly known as Liquid Crystal Display.

This is a screen with a flat panel display.

You will find that in most instances it uses an optical device modulated electronically.

You will observe that this is achieved by the polarizers in conjunction with the liquid crystals.

How do LCD Screens Work?

An LCD is a popular technology that displays electronic signals.

It uses liquid-filled crystals to give out images.

Liquid crystals contain a light-modulating property hence making them effective for this purpose.

These liquid crystals will propagate light from the backlight system and they are embedded on the display screen.

Polarized filters and electrodes make up the several layers that make up the liquid crystal display.

When the activation of the backlight system happens, it will produce light.

Liquid crystals will then obstruct this light which goes on to display images on the LCD display.

The backlight is an important factor when it comes to displaying images.

Examples of backlights are:

• RGB-LED array
• Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL)
• EL-WLED array
• WLED array

What are other Alternatives to LCD Screens?

You can consider any of the following options:

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED).

Light-emitting diode (LED).

Plasma display.

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

Electroluminescent display.

What are the Advantages of LCD Screens?

When you invest in high quality LCD screen, you will enjoy the following advantages:

Privacy

Screen privacy due to small viewing angle.

This implies that viewership can be done at a specific angle.

Energy Efficiency

In comparison to cathode Ray Tube, LCD screens consume lesser energy by close to 50%.
Manufacturers and web-based calculators can be used to determine energy efficiency before buying.

This means more savings on electricity costs.

Cost-effective

Liquid crystal displays (LCD) are more affordable.

This coupled with their long-term benefits makes them cost-effective.

Space Economization

Liquid crystal displays are flat in nature.

This reduces the amount of space that they occupy.

This makes them convenient for organizations as it leaves room for more employees within the office.

Thereby reducing also, the cost of office space.

Healthy

Liquid crystal display (LCD) Screens tend to be safer for the health of their users.

This is because it emits low levels of heat.

This negates the need for an air conditioner.

LCD screens do not emit any radiation making them healthier to use.

Lightweight

Liquid crystal display screens are very light and portable.

This makes them much more convenient.

Less Eyestrain

Liquid crystal display screens do not cause eyestrain.

This is because of the following qualities

• LCDs reduce glare
• Uniformity of screen brightness
• Lack of flicker

Enhanced Image

Images on LCDs are much sharper and vivid.

This is because of the use of individual pixel elements

What are the Disadvantages of LCD Screens?

Some of the common disadvantages of LCD screens are:

• Limited use in dark lit areas and conditions
• Tend to be more fragile
• Tend to have delayed motion display for images moving fast
• They have both fixed aspect ratio and resolution
• Angle of view is limited

Who are the Leading LCD Screens in China?

Some of the leading manufacturers of LED screens include:

• Shenzhen Startek Electronic Technology Co., Ltd
• Changsha Sunman Electronics Co., Ltd
• Guangzhou Taoyuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd
• Shenzhen City Mingxinhui Technology Co., Ltd
• Qingdao Miko Technology Company Ltd
• Shenzhen X.H. Technology Co., Ltd
• Shenzhen U-Chance Electronic Technology Co., Ltd
• Shenzhen Yunlea Electronics Co., Ltd.
• Guangzhou Shooan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd
• Guangzhou Yingyi Electronic Co., Ltd
• Truemax Electronics Co., Limited
• BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd
• Beijing STONE technology co., LTD
• Tianma Microelectronics Co., Ltd
• Xinli optoelectronics co., LTD
• Shenzhen sanlong electronics co., LTD
• TCL display technology (Huizhou) co., LTD
• Tian Yi fu electronics co., LTD
• Jiangmen yidu semiconductor co., LTD
• Yushun electronics co., LTD

Can LCD Screens be Recycled?

Yes, LCD screens can be recycled.

Research continues to happen on the best way for recycling LCD screens.

Various industries use different ideas, practices, and processes.

There are manufacturers that also specialize in which LCD screens to recycle.

Some processes will remove hazardous material from the screens.

Others will take apart the screen piece by piece to determine what they can resell or refurbish.

After this, they will dispose of the remaining parts in environmentally friendly ways.

It is possible to recycle up to 98% of an LCD screen.

These industries can recycle all plastic materials into new items.

Also, they can recover valuable metal by smelting printed circuit boards.

Besides, they can recover copper and other metals by stripping the cabling units.

Do LCD Screens Suffer Image Burns?

Yes, they do.

An image burn will cause discoloration on an area of the electronic display.

This happens when light-emitting pixels suffer from luminance degradation.

It may take long to develop into a permanent burn.

LCD can also be impacted by image retention.

Image retention is temporary and you can reverse it earlier before becoming permanent.

However, this can be reversed.

This is achieved by shutting the device down for 48 hours.

Some other ways of fixing image burns include:

Prevent LCD Screen Burn

Preventing image burn is possible by not leaving the screen on a still image for a long time.

The time for an image burn to occur varies from one screen to another, manufacturer, panel, or size.

Lower LCD Image Burn

It involves lowering the screen contrast as the calibration of most screens is not correct.

Lowering contrast will even the light across the entire screen.

It will apply less strain on certain areas of the screen thus limiting image burns.

Apply Static to Solve LCD Image Burn

This involves turning a white static for between 12 to 24 hours.

As the black and white colors move randomly on the screen, it may remove ghost images.

Apply Pixel Shift to Solve Image Burn

Some LCDs have a pixel-shift technology.

This technology works by adjusting the screen images in small changes on a constant basis.

It may counteract the image burn.

White Screensavers

It involves leaving the gadget on a completely white background for a few hours.

This may reset the image burn even though it mainly helps with image persistence.

What are the Most Common Colors used in LCD Screen Pixels?

The most common colors used in LCD screens are red, green, and blue.

What are the Types of LCD Screens?

The various types of LCD screens are:

Twisted Nematic Display

Are the most common.

They are cheap.

The response time is quick.

Commonly used by gamers.

Some of its disadvantages are:

• They are of low quality
• They do not have a complete contrast ratio
• The viewing angle is not great
• The color reproduction is not completely accurate

In-plane Switching Display

Considered to be the very best.

They are highly favored by graphic designers.

Common characteristics are image vibrancy and quality.

It also has better viewing angles and precise colors.

Vertical Alignment Panel

These have superior viewing angles and color production compared to twisted nematic.

Also, they have a low response time ad fresh rates.

They produce deeper black levels than twisted nematic displays.

Numerous crystal alignments help with impressive viewing angles.

Besides, they are expensive than other display screens.

Advanced Fringe Field Display

These displays give the best performance and wide color ranges than the In-Plane Switching display

Also, they minimize color distortion without affecting its wide viewing angle.

Used in professional surroundings such as airplane cockpits.

This is because it reduces color distortion without compromising broad viewing angles.

Passive Displays

This display works by using a simple grid that supplies charge to specific pixels on these screens.

It also comes with two substrates that are glass layers.

One glass layer will give columns while the other glass layer will give rows.

A clear conductive medium makes up these layers.

Active Displays

They work by depending on thin-film transistors [TFT].

How much do LCD Screens Cost?

There are several factors that will affect the price of an LCD screen.

They include:

Size of the Screen

Larger screens will cost more than smaller screens.

Type of Fluid in the LCD Panels

LCD fluids will alter the light orientation the passes through the glass substrates.

Various LCD fluids will provide various behavior to the viewing angle, temperature variation, and display accuracy.

The types of fluid you can find in an LCD panel may be:

• Twisted Nematic (TN)
• Super Twisted Nematic (STN)
• Film-Compensated Super Twisted Nematic (FSTN)
• Color Super Twist Nematic (CSTN)

Temperature Range

LCD screens come in variations that can work in a wide range of temperatures.

There are those that can work well in both cold and hot environments.

Low quality LCD screens may develop glitches when exposed to changes in temperature and humidity.

In hot environments, the crystals may weaken, and electronic components may overheat thus damaging the screen.

In cold environments, the LCD fluid may freeze hence the display cannot function.

The two LCD display temperature types include:

• Normal temperature LCD display
• Wide or extreme temperature LCD display

Color Accuracy

LCD screens capable of producing colors are expensive than monochromatic displays.

The color variation on colored displays also affects the price of LCD screens.

Touch Screen Availability

Touch screen displays will cost more than non-touchscreen displays.

This human machine interface will determine how fast one can operate the machine.

Some touch screen technologies available include:

• Capacitive
• Resistive
• Infrared grid [IR]

Factoring all these, an LCD screen may cost between 99 and 4000 US dollars.

What are the Effects of LCD Screens on the Environment?

Studies have shown that LCD screens cause global warming.

This is because of Nitrogen trifluoride, a component used in the manufacuture of LCD screens.

Also, the manufacturing process release nitric oxides, hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluoric acid.

This can cause acid rain.

Hydro-fluorocarbons in some LCD’s assist in getting rid of the ozone layer.

LCD screens are made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) which is harmful to the soil.

LCD screens are also known to cause water eutrophication.

For instance, mercury from fluorescent that comes from fluorescent-backlight LCD monitors.

Mercury may leech in water bodies and converts to methylated mercury.

This may get in living organisms and accumulate over time as these organisms consume the water.

Also, by irrigating crops using this toxic water will enable plants to take up the toxins.

Area that use non-renewable energy sources may have solid waste generation such as by-products from coal and sludge.

Radiation that emits from LCD screens can negatively affect human health.

What are the Brands of LCD Screens from China?

There are several LCD screen brands from China.

They include:

• Haier
• The Creative Life [TLC]
• Changhong
• Konka
• Xiaomi
• Skyworth
• Hisense

How are LCD Screens made?

It takes accuracy to manufacture an LCD screen.

Different LCD screens pass through various manufacturing processes.

These are the steps of making the screen:

Preparing the Substrates

Begin by cutting the two glass substrates in the proper sizes using a diamond saw or a scribe.

After that, polish and wash them.

Lapping is the polishing process and involves holding the glass on a rotating wheel that has abrasive particles on it.

After washing and drying the substrates, you proceed to coat them with a silicon dioxide layer.

Manufacturing Electrode Patterns

Here, the substrates need to have transparent electrode patterns in them.

This happens by coating both sides with a thin layer of indium tin oxide.

Manufacturers use masks that have patterns using silk-screening or photolithography.

After this, apply the mask on the coated glass, and remove extra areas chemically.

Ultraviolet light can also be used to achieve a finer pattern by using a light-sensitive glass.

Applying Polymers

Coat the substrate with a polymer after applying the electrode pattern.

The polymer will assist the liquid crystals to align in place.

Examples of polymers include polyamides, some silanes, and polyvinyl alcohol.

Polymides are popular since moisture can affect polyvinyl alcohol, while silanes produce thin inconsistent coatings.

After coating, apply a stroke of polymer in one direction by using a soft substance,

This can produce small parallel corrugations, or stretch the polymer coat after applying the polymers.

It causes liquid crystals to align in a parallel direction to the stroke.

To align crystals perpendicularly, the manufacturer can coat the glass fiber with an amphophilic substance.

The amphophilic substance will attract water molecules on one end and reject them on the other end.

Besides, the end that attracts will stick to the surface of the glass.

The other end will point to the crystal area while repelling the crystals to form a perpendicular alignment.

Applying Sealants and Liquid Crystal

Here, you will apply a sealing resin, then plastic spacers on the substrates.

It will make the liquid crystals have the proper thickness.

Next, apply liquid crystal between the two glass substrates.

The LCD thickness should be between 5 and 25 micrometers.

Glass fibers or beads can be put inside the spacers to hold the cell properly while the sealant is setting.

This allows manufacturers to achieve a uniform thickness throughout the glass substrates.

Next, the manufacturer will add polarizers to make the LCD’s visible.

Polyvinyl alcohol film with iodine is the component that makes the polarizers.

It is possible to add colored polarizers that have dye and not iodine.

Acrylic adhesives will help the polarizer to stick to the glass.

Finally, you will add a protective film to the glass.

Using a metal foil reflector will make the polarizers reflective.

Assembly

After attaching the polarizers, leave the unit for some time.

Finally, mount the display on a circuit board that has the control and drive electronic components.

This can then go to the final product for final assembly, testing, and packaging.

What is the Application of LCD Screen Technology?

There are several applications of LCD screen technology.

Some of them are:

• Computer monitors
• LCD televisions
• Digital wristwatches
• Aircraft cockpit displays
• Calculators
• Digital camera displays
• Laboratory equipment
• Mobile phones
• Video players
• Indoor and outdoor signages
• Control panels
• Digital clocks

What are the Chemicals used to make LCD Screens?

The following chemicals are used in the manufacture of LCD screens.

• Biphenyls
• Terphenyls.
• Carbontrile

What are the Technologies used in Making LCD Screens?

The technologies assist in making accurate, thin, portable, light, and durable LCD screens by using pixels.

Why Should you use LCD Screens?

LCD screens help with displaying information hence allows one to easily use the piece of equipment.

How are LCD Screens Structured?

There are several components that make up an LCD screen.

The structure is as follows:

Bottom Chassis

This part will house and shield the entire LCD

Backlight

It provides the light that liquid crystals will use.

The backlight can be either artificial or ambient and is at the backside of the display.

Reflector Sheet

It assists in recycling the LCD backlight.

Light Guide Plate

This is an acrylic panel made from pure polymethyl methacrylate [PMMA] resin.

It is transparent and weather resistant.

It comes with bumps that reflect light in certain directions.

Bottom Glass Substrate

It is part of the manufacturing process of the substrate for the thin film transistor.

Diffuser Sheet

It will soften and distribute an even light thus reducing LED hot spots.

Prism Sheet

It comes with small ridges that have angles that recycle off-axis light until it emits at the best viewing angle.

The light waves may exit at the brightest angle in line with the viewer or undergo recycling until they exit correctly.

Bottom Polarizer

It allows vertical light waves to pass through while blocking off the other light waves.

Thin-film Transistor

They help with changing the voltage of each small pixel to form the display image.

Liquid Crystal

It changes direction under electric fields hence can pass or block light.

Transparent and opaque crystals will form the image on the screen.

Electrode

It applies voltage to liquid crystals with the help of transparent indium-tin-oxide [ITO].

Also, it assists in maintaining matching pixel voltage on the entire LCD screen.

Color Filter

These will form the colors that will show on the LCD screen.

In colored screens, comes in red, green, and blue [RGB] pigments.

Top Glass Substrate

The color filter manufacturing process uses this special glass.

Top Polarizer

It will horizontally polarize light, improve color, and details, hence visible on the LCD screen.

Top Chassis

It is at the top of all these parts and uses an open framework.

What are Factors to Consider when Buying LCD Screens?

The factors to be taken into consideration are:

Refresh Rate

This is the time the LCD screen takes to update a new image every second.

High refresh rates mean the images will be smooth.

Response Time

It is the time a pixel takes to change color in milliseconds.

A lower response time means moving images will be smooth.

Screen Size

The larger the screen, the larger the pixels it can show.

Also, larger LCD screens will cost more than small LCD screens.

Reproduction of Color

This is how accurate the LCD can display colors.

Calibrating the LCD screen is one way of altering the color accuracy.

Brightness

This is the maximum amount of light the screen shows when it is pure white.

Candela per square meter is the measurement unit.

Viewing Angle

It measures in degrees how one can move to the extreme ends before you can not distinguish the image.

Contrast Ratio

This is the measurement between the brightest and darkest parts.

A low contrast ratio produces faded colors when you adjust the brightness.

How do you Clean LCD Screens?

You should use a feather duster to wipe off any dust that has accumulated on the screen.

You can also use a damp alcohol-based duster to wipe off any fingerprints.

If you do not have an alcohol-based solution you can use distilled water.

In the case of persistent grease stains, you should use a little amount of white vinegar.

Caution should be taken to wipe from the outwards moving inwards.

In no circumstance should you use the following chemicals

• Ammonia.
• Acetone.
• Ethyl alcohol.

You should also avoid using paper as this could cause scratches.

If the screen is mounted on an electronic device, switch it off and wait six seconds before commencement.

Do LCD Screens need a Screen Protector?

There are instances an LCD screen may need a screen protector.

For instance, smartphones are better off with screen protectors as they are on different surfaces at all times.

On the other hand, a television set may not necessarily need a screen protector.

• Keep off fingerprints
• Protect the LCD screen from scratches
• Provides an easy cleaning process than on the actual LCD screen
• Preserves the aesthetic value of the actual LCD screen
• Protects the actual LCD screen from damages that are not cheap

Do LCD Screens Pose any Health Hazards?

Yes, they do.
Some of the common problems they pose are:

• Eyestrain.
• Headaches.

Research has shown that the light from the LCD screen inhibits the production of melatonin.

Melatonin is the hormone responsible for regulating both the sleep and waking cycle.

If the production of melatonin is suppressed this leads to other health complications such as:

• Stress.
• Obesity.
• High blood pressure.

What are the Different Sizes of LCD Screens?

There is a wide array of LCD screen sizes starting from 9 inches.

However, the most common screen sizes range from 32 inches to 46 inches.

The largest screen is 150 inches.

What is the Durability of the LCD Screens?

The durability of an LCD screen may vary from one LCD to another.

High-quality LCD screens can last up to 10 years.

Factors that determine the durability of an LCD screen are:

· Usage

The extent to which you are using an LCD will influence its durability.

Extreme usages will lower the durability of the LCD.

· Environmental Factors

LCDs that can withstand both high and low temperatures will last for a long time.

· Material Construction

LCDs with the best material will last more than those made with cheap materials.

What are the Different Designs of LCD screens?

The designs can be either colored or monochromatic.

Do LCD Screens have a Warranty?

Yes, some manufacturers offer an LCD screen warranty.

The warranty period will vary from one manufacturer to another and maybe between a few months to a few years.

Can LCD Screens be used Underwater?

Yes, you can use LCD screens underwater.

Also, not all LCD screens are waterproof.

Confirm with the technical specifications to know if the screen is waterproof.

This is indicated as an Ingress Protection [IP].

IP will determine how long and deep you can use an LCD screen underwater.

The higher the Ingress Protection, the more expensive the LCD screen.

How does LCD Screen compare to LED Screen?

LCD stands for liquid crystal display while LED stands for a light-emitting diode.

LCD screens use cold cathode fluorescent to provide the backlight.

On the other hand LED screens do not have a backlight.

The LCD screens are energy efficient as they use less power compared to LED.

The display screen area in LCD is large whereas in LED it is small.

LCD screens cost less as opposed to LED screens which are expensive.

LCD screens incorporate mercury in its structure, while LED screens do not.

LED has a high resolution than LCD.

The switching time for LED is faster than that of an LCD.

Direct current will not affect an LED while it will reduce the life span of an LCD.

LEDs have a low contrast ratio than LCDs.

What should you Consider during LCD Screen Replacement?

Resolution.

The more the resolution the clearer the display.

Response rate.

This refers to the amount of time it takes to change the color from black to white.

Purpose.

The use of the LCD screen will determine which type to purchase.

You will need a more expensive screen if you are to do photography work.

Size.

You will replace an LCD screen with the same size as the device it is to be mounted on.

Can LCD Screen be Repaired?

No, an LCD screen cannot be repaired.

This is because it is difficult for the transistors within the screen itself which is irreparable.

How can you Test the LCD Screen?

You can test an LCD screen using an LCD tester.

The screen tester comes in:

LST02

LSTO3

What are the Quality Standards for LCD Screens?

LCD screens need to meet quality standards set by international bodies for the good of the public.

Such standards include:

Restriction of Hazardous Substances [RoHS]

The purpose of this standard is to reduce environmental effects and health impacts.

China Compulsory Certificate mark [CCC]

This is a mandatory safety mark for LCD screens that are imported, sold, and, and used in Chinese environments.

European Union CE Marking

All companies in the world accept this quality standard even though it applies to European Economic Areas.

Current Good Manufacturing Practice [cGMP]

Current Good Manufacturing Practice quality standard ensures that LCD screens have:

1. Consistent manufacturing practices.
2. The machine conforms to international quality standards.
3. Produces reliable and quality features

UL quality Standard

It implies the LCD screen has undergone extensive safety parameters and scientific expertise.

Is LCD Screen IP Rated?

Yes, LCD screens are IP rated.

IP [ingress protection] is an identification to digit number that defines the sealing effectiveness of electronic equipment.

Let us have a look at IP65 as an example.

The first digit represents ingress protection against solid substances and ranges from 0 to 7.

0 indicates no protection while 7 indicates 100% protection.

The second digit represents ingress protection against liquids and ranges from 0 to9.

Also, 0 represents no protection while 9 represents complete protection from fully immersing the equipment underwater.

At Tj chinafreight, we help you import any type of LCD screen from China.

You don’t have to worry about customs clearance, warehousing or loading process.

Tj chinafreight will handle everything for you – contact us now.

Despite being very important, no one takes a keen look at manhole covers.

Manhole covers are found almost everywhere these days.

You will find them in your garden, patio, highway or high-speed or highly trafficked areas.

To avoid being left in the dark, below is an ultimate FAQ Guide on this device:

What is a Manhole Cover?

A manhole cover is a removable lid that helps in restricting access to a manhole/drainage system.

It is often made using ductile or cast iron among other materials.

It is a removable plate acting as the lid over the manhole opening.

This cover ensures that nothing or anyone can fall in the manhole/drainage system.

Which is the Best Manhole Cover Materials?

Some of the most common materials for manhole include:

i. Ductile/Cast Iron

The best manhole cover material is cast/ductile iron.

It is the most resilient and strongest covers able to hold maximum weight loads of up to around 90 tonnes.

Ductile iron is the most superior choice over cast iron. It does not corrode as fast as cast iron or is less brittle.

They equally have a greater strength to weight ratio.

Even so, both ductile/cast iron are suitable for highly trafficked and high-speed areas.

They are not suitable for pedestrian or lightly trafficked areas.

ii. Stainless Steel and Galvanized Manhole Cover

They are often lightweight, yet good alternative to iron covers.

This material has a high degree of strength.

Stainless steel and galvanized manhole cover can withstand approximately 17 tonnes of weight, easy to install making them suitable for domestic driveways.

They are not suitable for heavily trafficked areas such as motorways and main roads or high-speed areas.

Steel manhole covers are also rated with a FACTA loading class.

iii. PolypropyleneManhole Covers

This material is usually used in light duty load bearing places such as domestic places, pedestrian only walkways or gardens.

What are the Uses of Manhole Cover?

Manhole covers help cover manholes/drainage systems in:

i. Airports

ii. Docks

iii. Highways

iv. Pedestrian areas

v. Domestic gardens

vi. Inside homes

vii. Patios

Also, they keep unauthorized people/anything from manholes for security reasons.

Further, preventing anyone/anything from falling into the manhole for safety reasons.

As such, they safely and securely conceal the entrance of chambers or drains.

What are available Shapes of Manhole Cover?

Some of the available shapes of manhole covers are:

i. Circular

ii. Rectangular

iii. Square

Note: the most common shape however is a round manhole cover.

What are the Quality Standards of Manhole Covers?

The following are the quality standards of Manhole Covers:

i. EN 124 of 1994

It is applied to manhole covers often subjected to vehicular/pedestrian traffic.

The opening must be specified to be more than 1 m.

It also specifies different weight classes and this depends on the specific application.

For instance, a manhole cover of cast iron (lightest class A15) can hold a maximum weight of 1.5 tonnes.

It is, therefore, applicable in light duty applications in patios, gardens, pedestrian areas, driveways and others.

Similarly, a heavy F900 class manhole cover can be applicable in airports, docks, and several other extreme heavy-duty applications.

It also shows that the manhole cover can be used outside of the EU.

ii. FACTA specification

All steel products have to be manufactured under the strictest guidelines of Fabricated Access Cover Trade Association.

It applies to recessed covers and top covers often designed for non-structural and structural infill as well as surface draining products.

iii. BS EN ISO 1461

This standard is to ensure that the manhole covers have a good finish via galvanization.

What are Manhole Cover Load Class Codes?

The load classes are classified into Steel manhole classifications and Iron manhole classifications.

Steel manhole classifications:

D400 – a manhole cover in this category is suitable for places with has moving heavy traffic such as carriageways.

C250 –good for areas with slow moving heavy traffic

B125 – good for areas accessible by vehicles and driveways

A15 – suitable for areas only accessible to pedal cyclists and pedestrians

Iron Manhole Classification:

Class A – good for pedestrian usage

Class AA – good for vehicular traffic of up to 5 tonnes

Class AAA – good for vehicular traffic up to 10 tonnes

How do you Measure Manhole Cover?

The size of the manhole is the clear opening size.

A manhole cover has to sit securely hence you have to ensure that you have a clear opening size.

It is often measured in millimeters for accuracy.

MM is also the standard unit for the manufacturers of manhole covers.

It can be rectangular, square or circular.

For instance, it can be (450 X 600 mm), (450 X 450 mm), or (a diameter of 450 mm) respectively.

For you to measure a manhole cover, you must take the measurements from one side to the other and inside the walls of the manhole.

If you choose a rectangular or square manhole cover, you must take up height and width measurements.

What is the Weight of Manhole Covers?

You must determine the right load rating needed for your application.

Manhole covers carry different weights under the BS EN 124 class ratings.

They range from A15 – Very light duty to F900 – Extremely heavy duty.

The average weight of a manhole cover is between 113-136 kg.

A ductile/cast iron manhole cover can weigh up to 90 tonnes.

Note: It is important for sewer manhole covers to be as heavy as sewers often produce methane gas which could push out lightweight covers letting poisonous gases into the street.

What are Manhole Cover Tonne Ratings?

Cast iron manhole covers have the following tonne ratings:

1.5 tonnes–Very light duty mainly for patios, pedestrian areas like gardens and driveways

2.5 tonne – pedestrian use only

5 tonne – this manhole cover can support a slow-moving wheel load of around 1.25 tonnes

12.5 tonnes–suitable for domestic driveway thresholds for vans, family cars and 4 X 4s.

25 tonnes–lightly trafficked small private care parts and roads

40 tonnes–suitable for highways, main roads, high traffic areas like public car parks

60 tonnes–suitable for loading bays, industrial estates and cargo handling yards

90 tonnes–suitable for extreme heavy-duty applications, airports and docks

Steel manhole covers have the following tonne ratings:

2.5 tonnes – suitable for very light duty for pedestrian areas such as patios, gardens and driveways

5 tonnes – suitable for domestic driveway threshold for 4 X 4s, vans, and family cars

10 tonnes–suitable for small private car parks and lightly trafficked roads.

17 tonnes–suitable for highways, main roads, and high traffic areas such as public car parks

25 tonnes – suitable for loading bays, industrial estates, and cargo handling yards

38 tonnes–suitable for airports, docks and extreme heavy duty applications

Who are the Top Manhole Cover Manufacturers in China?

Some of the top Manhole Cover manufacturers in China are:

i. SYI Industrial Company Ltd.

ii. Shijiazhuang Transun Metal Products Co., Ltd

iii. Beijing FanyaDiantong Industry & Trade Co., Ltd

iv. Handan Qunshan Foundry Co., Ltd.

How do you Test Manhole Cover?

Some of the tests done on a manhole cover include:

Non-destructive Testing

This test involves radiographic examination and ultrasonic testing.

They measure the internal thickness as well as the internal integrity of the casting.

Radiographic testing determines the casting’s internal integrity.

Metal Testing

This test is done to determine the physical properties of a manhole cover.

It will show whether the device is strong or brittle or long.

Measurement Assessment

This test helps determine if the measurements of the manhole cover are accurate.

Leak Test

A manhole cover leak test is done to determine if the device is leaking or not before it is released into the market.

It involves pouring water into the gap between the casting and the manhole cover.

If the water disappears into the manhole then it is leaking.

If it stays in the gaps, it is not leaking.

Casting Bar Test

This test assesses the ductility and strength of the cast irons used to make manhole covers.

One uses casting bar test specimens from the specific metal used to cast the manhole covers.

You place the bars into a tensiometer which then pulls on the ends up to the point when they break/elongate over their elastic limit.

Ductile cast iron withstands between 2% – 10% elongation before it eventually breaks.

What are the Components of Manhole Cover?

A manhole consists of:

i. A removable plate

ii. Pick hole

iii. Rims

iv. Castings

How much Does Manhole Cover Cost?

Manhole covers are sold at competitive prices.

The costs depend on the material of construction, sizes, weight and additional features.

For instance, a recessed SlimTRAY Manhole Cover and Frame 600 X 450 mm equaling 10 tonnes costs 50.95 Euros.

Similarly, a Double Sealed Manhole Cover and Frame of 450 X 450 mm costs 62.40 Euros.

Do Manhole Covers have Size Limitations?

Absolutely not.

Manhole covers come in different sizes depending on the context of use as well as size of the manhole and location.

A manhole cover can be 650 X 550 mm and built to cover a hole size of 600 X 450 mm.

Manhole covers can be as high as 60 in 1.5 m in diameter and a minimum of 22 in 56 cm.

All you have to do is source the right size for your manhole cover.

A square manhole cover can be from (300 X 300 mm) to (1200 X 1200 mm).

Are there Restrictions when Importing Manhole Covers from China?

Absolutely yes.

There is an anti-dumping tax rate for importing ductile iron manhole covers from China.

The tax rate is usually between 25.4% – 38%.

Some countries, especially in Europe do not allow the manufacture or import of manhole covers made using plastic materials due to the associated environmental problems.

However, Europe imports manhole covers from China and pay the anti-dumping tax rate charges.

There are some nations that do not allow weighty manhole covers.

Europe has shifted towards lighter weight composite manhole cover materials.

Why are Round Manhole Covers Popular?

Manhole covers are round because it can resist the earth’s compression around it.

Besides, manhole covers are easier to manufacture as compared to rectangular or square shapes.

A manhole cover that is round cannot fall via a circular opening.

Usually, there is a lip around the manhole’s rim holding the cover meaning that the underlying manhole is smaller than the actual cover.

No matter how you position the round manhole cover, the cover would always be wider than the hole.

On the contrary, an oval, rectangular or square manhole cover can fall in the manhole if it is inserted diagonally.

Unobservant drivers and pedestrians may fall in the holes if they fail to see the non-round manhole covers.

Since manhole covers are heavy and have to be moved around with ease, a round one is better.

They even easily slip into place when used on manholes.

With just a quarter turn, you can easily lock a round manhole cover.

And, this makes them difficult to open without a unique/special tool.

You do not have to rotate round manhole covers to align with the manhole

You can machine the bearing surfaces of manhole covers to ensure flatness and therefore prevent them from being destroyed by traffic.

You can easily machine round castings using a lathe.

The surface area of a round manhole cover of a specific diameter is smaller than that of a square of the same width.

As such, you need less material to cast manhole cover.

All these results in lower costs.

How does Manhole Cover compare to Access Cover?

The majority of the people often question the difference between these two devices, yet they look the same.

Below are some of the ways in which manhole covers and access covers compare:

Manhole cover and access covers are each access covers as they restrict access to a drainage system and manhole respectively.

While manhole covers are made using ductile/cast iron, access covers are made using aluminum, steel or composite material.

While all manhole covers can be access covers, not all access covers are manhole covers.

They are both diversified as they come in different shapes, weight and design to fit their intended purposes and place of use.

Access covers are far more attractive than manhole covers. They are designed and built to be aesthetically pleasing. They may look like the floor hence one may fail to notice them.

While access covers are often rectangular and square in shape, manhole covers are usually round, but are also rectangular and square.

While manhole covers are designed with pick holes for lifting when needed, access covers are specially designed for lifting with unique lifting keys.

Manhole covers are heavy duty ductile/cast covers, while access covers are recessed/solid composite/steel/aluminum covers.

Which Types of Manhole Covers are available?

There are several types of manhole covers available in the market, all with different load-bearing recommendations and materials.

As such, it may be confusing to identify which manhole cover is the best for your program/project.

However, the common manhole covers include:

i. Recessed Covers

This cover has an insert tray which is utilized where tiling, block paving, or other type of infill is needed.

As such, only a few mm of the cover frame is visible.

This cover can blend in with its surroundings which is suitable for pedestrian areas where aesthetics is key.

It is suitable for use in hospitals, domestic gardens and workshops.

ii. Solid Top (flush)

A solid top cover is often visible. The device fit flushes with the ground.

Solid top flush is built in such a way that it is prominent in the floor.

It is installed where visibility of a manhole cover is key to regular maintenance and safety.

Solid top flush has a visible anti-slip surface with a visible silver manhole cover.

They can be raised but this depends on the place they are installed. Even so, they are easy to identify.

iii. Cast & Ductile Iron

This cover is similar to solid top flush fit. It, however, has a sub-category for gully gratings.

It is heavy duty covering used over a D400 class, resilient and strong.

It has great strength. This material also has a long-life span for installation in docks, airports, and other heavy duty industrial places.

How do you Choose the Right Manhole Cover?

Steel or Cast Iron?

No seal or seal?

External dimensions or clear opening size? Whichever manhole cover you choose to use for your project, you have to consider a number of factors.

If you choose an unsuitable cover for your application, you are likely to have significant security and safety implications.

Choosing the right manhole cover should not be daunting work for you.

Below are the factors to consider:

• Size
• Weight loading
• Seal type
• Cover type

Note: if you are looking for a manhole cover for a highway, you can always use ductile/cast iron BS EN 124 manhole covers rather than steel covers.

What are the available Types of Manhole Sealing?

To ensure the safety and security of materials/people while using manhole covers, it is imperative to use the right sealing.

Some of the manhole sealing types are:

i. Single Seal Covers

The majority of manhole covers today are single sealed.

It includes a tongue and groove joint that is airtight when sealed.

The manhole cover surround is typically filled with grease which aids in the formation of the seal.

ii. No Seal/Unsealed Covers

With this, the manhole cover is placed on top of its frame.

It can be a slide out cover, cast iron or heavy duty that is not sealed.

iii. Double Seal Covers

Double seal covers are responsible for comprehensive seals.

It is mainly a groove joint and a double tongue.

It prevents air from leaving as long as the manhole is not under pressure.

When you position foul drainage manholes in buildings, a double seal is a better choice.

What are the Safety and Security Features of Manhole Cover?

Pick holes help in easily opening a manhole without posing safety issues.

Manhole covers made using composite material have a lightweight and ergonomic, yet high strength solution.

It cannot cause serious physical injuries to whoever comes into contact with it.

The seals/rims help keep the manhole covers tightly closed at all times thus preventing any entry into the manholes.

They have thick casting/sides hence manhole covers cannot be displaced/negatively impact traffic.

How does Manhole Cover compare to Sewer Cover Plate?

While a Sewer cover plate and Manhole cover are lids/covers used to cover a sewerage system and manholes respectively, they share some differences/similarities.

A sewer cover plate can be round just as a manhole cover.

A sewer cover plate can be found within and close to buildings/home.

Manhole covers are often found most on roads, pedestrian areas, gardens and patios.

Is Recessed Drain Cover the same as Manhole Cover?

Of course not.

A recessed drain cover is mainly a cover with a grating or holes in it utilized in the coverage of water drain.

While it allows drainage of water, it also prevents larger particles from passing into the water drain.

A manhole cover does not have any holes or grating, there is a lid that prevents the entry of unauthorized, anyone or materials into the manhole.

How long can Manhole Cover Last before Replacement?

Manhole cover can last around 50 years. Following this period, you can replace the manhole cover with a new one.

Manhole covers can be damaged by extreme weather conditions leading to wear and tear.

What are the Features of Heavy Traffic Manhole Cover?

A heavy traffic manhole cover is one for heavy volume traffic.

Some of the features of a Heavy Traffic Manhole Cover are:

i. Resistant due to excellent mechanical properties of ductile cast iron

ii. Durable; they have a long-life span as they are made using steel and ductile/cast iron that offer these properties.

iii. Silent in response to heavy traffics; they do not move upon contact with the traffic as they are stable enough.

iv. Stable; they can cover the manholes on the roads without causing any problems as they are very stable.

v. Strong; the lid/cover can withstand very high pressure from the traffic

In China, you can find many manholes cover manufacturers.

The best part, Tj chinafreight will help you ship all your manholes from China to any global destination.

Contact us now for all your freight forwarding needs.

If you’re shipping perishable goods from China, you will definitely need high quality reefer container.

A reason why this guide explores all the fundamental aspects about reefer shipping container.

From design, uses, benefits, quality standards, classification to features of reefer container, among other critical aspects.

Keep reading to learn more.

What is a Reefer Container?

A Reefer container is a short form of the refrigerated container.

They are big fridges used to transport perishable cargo like meat, fish, fruits and vegetables, seafood, dairy, and nonfood products like pharmaceuticals and flowers for long distances.

Different cargo types require varying temperature levels to be transported.

They might be either chilled, in controlled temperature, or frozen.

Reefer containers will help in the efficient transportation of cargo by maintaining their temperature.

What are the Parts of a Reefer Container?

The various parts of a reefer container include:

• Refrigeration unit
• Bulkhead
• Air space
• Rear doors
• Cooling coil
• Air seals
• Control box
• Controller display
• Controller keypad
• Evaporator fan
• Motor access panels
• Insulation
• Compressors
• Condenser fan
• Condenser coil
• Evaporators
• Temperature sensors
• Control box
• Microprocessors for controlling the refrigeration equipment.
• Temperature recorder
• Set up power transformer.

How does aReefer Container Work?

Reefer container works in the following ways:

Reefer Container Cooling by Air:

Cooling of the reefer container is done by air.

Air is blown into the reefer container by a generator, placed on the sides of the box.

Air is passed into the reefer container either through the sides or the floor.

The reefer container floor is usually T style to allow for air passage into the cargo for cooling purposes.

Reefer containers can maintain the temperature of cargo between-35 degrees Celsius and +35 degrees Celsius despite the nature of the external environment.

It is achieved by directing the air underneath the goods through T shaped decking specifically designed for sufficient air circulation across the shipment.

Apart from maintaining the temperature of the pre-cooled cargo, reefer containers can also raise temperatures where necessary.

They have a control unit that enables adjusting parameters such as temperature, ventilation, atmosphere, and humidity.

Settings applied on the reefer containers will vary depending on the nature and type of cargo being shipped.

Reefer containers require a constant supply of electricity to maintain the freshness of cargo.

This electricity is supplied by either portable generators or the vessel’s power.

Once loading has been done, you can set the generator to the appropriate temperature, and the reefer container will be able to take care of itself henceforth.

Reefer Container Cooling by Water:

Some reefer containers are installed with a cooling system that uses water for cooling the shipment.

When multiple reefer containers are stacked together in a tight space or are stored underneath the deck on a vessel, water is used in the cooling system.

The water-cooling system will work by ventilating the heat generated outside or even in the space where the cargo is stored.

However, this kind of reefer containers is not expected due to the high price of a water-cooling system.

Gensets:

Reefer containers can also be installed with a generator set commonly referred to as Genset.

The Genset can be installed onto the reefer container as:

• Clip-on Genset: this is where the Genset mounting is on the side of the reefer container. In this method, you can easily remove the genset once delivery or storage is complete.
• Underslung Genset: where the Genset is installed under the reefer container by either hanging or mounting.

This method is commonly used when using a trailer for transportation where the device is mounted onto the trailer.

Besides, this method ensures that swapping happens only on the reefer container and not the entire trailer.

Which are the General Tips of Storage of Cargo in a Reefer Container?

Some general tips on storage of cargo in a reefer container include:

• The limit of storage cargo should not extend beyond the T floor.
• To avoid shifting cargo during transit, the shipment should be tightly wedged and stable on the floor.
• The cargo limit should not reach above the red load line.
• Depending on the cargo being loaded into the reefer container, you must always set the appropriate unit’s carrying temperature.
• Always check dehumidification controls.
• Incase pre-cooling is required, always carry out pre-cooling on the cargo and not the reefer container. Pre-cooling can only be done on the box when loaded in a cod tunnel, which is air locked.
• Ensure there are no limitations to air circulation and fill any gaps between the pallet and the doors with either wood or cardboard.

It will, in turn, reduce potential heat sinks where warm air circulates near the doors.

How much does a Reefer Container Cost?

Depending on the nature and size of a reefer container, their price ranges between $3000 to $20,000.

Which are the Storage Principles of Cargo in a Reefer Container?

Storage principles that need to be followed when packing cargo in a reefer container include:

• Storage boxes should be within the pallets.
• The spacing on the deck board should allow for the flow of air vertically.
• Boxes should be vented for air to flow vertically.
• You should secure the load on the pallet.
• The Reefer container should have a refrigeration unit.
• Rear doors should be on the container.
• There should be an air space above the cargo.
• Airflow should be sufficient in the reefer container.
• The box vents should be aligned.

What are the Benefits of Reefer Containers?

Some of the benefits of reefer containers include:

• Cargo does not to be put in a cold storage unit upon arrival as it is held in a self-contained refrigerated unit.
• Reefer containers are available in several dimensions, making them suitable for being transported by different modes of transportation.
• Versatility: the containers can be partitioned to create different rooms to store cargo requiring different temperatures. In this way, both chilled and frozen cargo can be transported in the same reefer container.
• Durability: reefer containers can remain operational even in harsh environmental conditions and are very durable.
• Easy transportation: reefer containers can be transported using a variety of carriers.

This brings about a faster return on investment and improved financial security.

• The longer shelf life of products: they elongate perishable products’ shelf life as they can prevent them from ripening quickly and maintaining their freshness.

What Factors Determine the Cost of Reefer Containers?

Factors that determine the cost of a reefer container include:

• Purchase or rent: it is essential to decide how long you would like to have a reefer container.

A single shipment should hire a reefer container rather than buy; however, you should buy your own if you want ongoing use.

• New or used reefer container: used reefer container prices will tend to be low compared to new containers’ cost.
• Container sizes: refer containers are available in a variety of sizes.

The bigger the size of a reefer container, the higher it will cost, and the higher the cooling energy; small container sizes tend to be a bit cheaper.

• Transportation: This is a significant factor determining the cost of a reefer container. Larger containers require considerable space for transport, leading to higher prices than smaller ones.
• Remote monitoring: the remote control is a type of service you can purchase to track your reefer container.

Reefer containers that have this feature tend to be more expensive than those that don’t possess it.

What are the Dos and Don’ts of Reefer Containers?

The following are some general dos and don’ts of reefer containers:

Dos:

• Tightly pack cargo and ensure it is stable to avoid it shifting.
• Verify dehumidification controls.
• Set correct settings on the ventilation.
• Put the temperature at the correct level required by the cargo.
• Whenever required, always pre-cool the cargo.

Don’ts:

• Load cargo above the red load line.
• Allow inhibitors to block air circulation.
• Store cargo beyond the end of the T-floor.
• Pre-cool the container unless it is placed in a tunnel that is air locked or in a cold storage room.
• Give way for spaces between the door and pallets.

How much are Reefer Containers to Hire?

The cost of hiring reefer containers varies depending on factors such as:

• Added insulation.
• Power plant means.
• Duration required.
• Size of the reefer container.
• Nature of the reefer container.

The price of hiring a reefer container ranges between $2000 to $17000.

What is the Available Dimension for the Reefer Container?

Dimensions of reefer containers vary depending on the manufacturer, the container owner, and the container’s age.

Dimensions of reefer containers include:

20-inch reefer containers have a tare weight of 3,080 kilograms (6791.4 lbs), a payload capacity of 27,400 kilograms (60,417 lbs), and a cubic capacity of 28.3 cubic meters (999cu ft).

It also has an internal width of 2.29 meters (7.5 ft), an interior height of 2.27 meters (7.5ft), a door opening width of 2.23 meters (7.3ft), and a door opening height of 2.10 meters (6.9ft).

40-inch reefer containers have a tare weight of 4,800 kilograms (10,584 lbs), a payload capacity of 27,700 kilograms (61,078.5 kg), and a cubic capacity of 59.3 cubic meters (2,093.3cu ft).

It also has an internal width of 2.28 meters (7.5 ft), an interior height of 2.25 meters (7.4ft), a door opening width of 2.29 meters (7.5ft), and a door opening height of 2.26meters (7.4ft).

40-inch-high cube reefer containers have a tare weight of 4,480 kilograms (9,880 lbs), a payload capacity of 29,520 kilograms (65,080 lbs), an internal length of 11.58 meters (38ft), and a cubic breadth of 67.3 cubic meters (2,380cu ft).

It also has an internal width of 2.29 meters (7.5 ft), an interior height of 2.40 meters (7.9ft), a door opening width of 2.29 meters (7.5ft), and a door opening height of 2.57 meters (8.4ft).

45-inch-high cube reefer containers have a tare weight of 4,850 kilograms (10,694.3 lbs), a payload capacity of 29,150 kilograms (64,275.8 kg), an internal length of 11.57 meters (38 ft), and a cubic breadth of 67 cubic meters (2,365.1cu ft).

It also has an internal width of 2.27 meters (7.4 ft), an interior height of 2.55 meters (8.4 ft), a door opening width of 2.29 meters (7.5ft), and a door opening height of 2.26 meters (7.4ft).

Can a Reefer Container be Modified?

Yes, a reefer container can be modified to suit the customers’ specific needs.

Some of the modifications that can be made on reefer containers include:

• Adding extra doors.
• Installation of windows.
• Incorporating lighting.
• Insulation.
• Installing storage racks.
• Altering the appearance of a reefer container by painting it in the customer’s preferred color.
• Applying a brand logo.

Where can you Find Reefer Containers for sale in China?

You may find reefer containers for sale in China in the following places:

• Online marketplaces such as Alibaba, AliExpress, among others.
• Using referrals from related business partners.
• You may search for suppliers or manufacturers on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, linked in, among others.
• From sourcing companies, agents, or buying brokers available in China.
• Using catalogs and coupons.
• Utilizing search engines like Google maps to locate reefer container manufacturers and suppliers in China.
• Through trade fairs.

Who are the Leading Suppliers of Reefer Containers in China?

Some of the leading supplies of reefer containers in China include:

• Shanghai metal corporation.
• Qingdao Shimao Singstar Trade Company Limited.
• Taian Yongyan Equipment Technology Company Limited.
• Tianjin Long Teng International Trade Company Limited.
• Weifang Henglida Steel Structure Company Limited.
• Qingdao Rayfore Container Industry Company limited.
• Qingdao Shimao Singstar Trade company Limited.
• Tianjin Long Teng International Trade Company Limited.

What are the Types of Reefer Containers?

Some of the types of reefer containers include:

• ISO reefer containers: this is used for shipping temperature-sensitive cargo that is perishable, like fruits, vegetables, and meat.

It relies on external power for temperature regulation and is available 20 inch and 40-inch sizes.

• Insulated containers: they possess a mechanical compressor for electrical compliance for heating or cooling air in the box to help achieve regulated temperature.

They are suitable for long-distance transportation of products such as pharmaceuticals, blood, organs, biological materials, foods, and chemicals.

Which Checks are Done on the Reefer Container?

It would help if you did the following checks on the reefer container:

Before Power On:

• Conduct a general inspection of the reefer container to ensure the components do not have any physical damage and non are missing.

Elements to be checked include contractors, plug, cable, loose wires, and compressors.

• Check the reefer container’s cleanliness to ensure that there are no cargo remnants or debris and there are no extra labels.
• Ensure the refrigerant and lubricant are okay.
• Inspect Partlow to ensure that the battery level is in range and the chart drive is okay and rewound.
• Check the compressors, motors, and heaters to ascertain the electric insulation value.

After Power On:

• You should measure and record the voltage to ascertain the function ability of phase correction contractors.
• Check for engine serviceability in the following ways:

1. Ascertain that the components are not producing any abnormal noises.
2. Ensure the direction of the fan and blower is right.
3. Initiate either FPT(Smart), LPP(MHI), LPPP(CFII), FPTI(MPC), or AutoPTI(Microlink).
4. Calibrate the Partlow element and sensors.
5. Upon reaching the set point, detect if the reefer container is working correctly.

• Preset the temperature setting to -18 degrees Celsius:

1. Ensure that the cycle is complete after initiation by ascertaining that the unit goes into the manual defrost.
2. After defrosting, it is essential to record the oil level directly.
3. Check the drains to ensure that they are immaculate.
4. Upon the temperature reaching -18 degrees Celsius, ensure that the unit is running in full control.

• Measure the pressure of the compressor by:

1. Analyze the compressor, fan motor, evaporator motor, heater, and Cond to measure currents.
2. Detect if the reefer container is working properly once it reaches the set point of -18 degrees Celsius and determines the freon level.
3. Set the reefer container’s temperature to zero degrees Celsius and switch the box off once it reaches zero degrees Celsius.
4. Once the temperature reaches zero degrees Celsius, record it and then calibrate sensors and Partlow element.

What are the Features of Reefer Containers?

Some of the features of reefer containers include:

• PTI okay/ Pre-TripInspection/Goods Test Badge.
• Temperature adjustable between -25 degrees Celsius and +35 degrees Celsius
• They are wind and waterproof.
• Have a valid CSC badge.
• It is made up of stainless-steel interior lining made from aluminum.
• Contain polyurethane insulation of between ten to twelve centimeters.
• Their floor is made from T-grating aluminum and has an air duct.
• Possess cooling units to regulate the temperatures.
• Reefer containers have a refrigerant 134a/R404a.
• Power connection of 380 volts or 32 amperes.
• Operating voltage of about CEE 50-6 0Hz or power of about 6 to 10 Kilowatts.
• It can be driven using a lift truck or a forklift.
• Have insulation of high-tech Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), which ensures minimum heat leakage.
• The dehumidification range ranges between 65% to 95% of the maximum relative humidity.
• Besides, the service temperature range of the reefer container is about -30 degrees Celsius to +30 degrees Celsius.
• The magnum temperature of reefer containers is between -35 degrees Celsius to +30 degrees Celsius.
• Have an adjustable fresh air exchange from zero to 28s(km/h).
• It built a microprocessor that controls the temperature.

What is the Difference Between a Fridge Box and a Reefer Container?

Some of the differences between a fridge box and a reefer container include:

• A reefer container can hold and move a tremendous amount of refrigerated or other temperature-controlled cargo.

In contrast, a fridge box contains a minimal amount of freight, roughly two pallets.

• A reefer container can cool the temperature of cargo and ensure they stay preserved till the destination.

The fridge box maintains the desired temperature of freight during transportation once loaded onto the dry goods trailer.

• A reefer container requires technical maintenance expertise, while a fridge box is a bit easier to maintain.
• Fried boxes are very portable and are used to transport smaller amounts of cold storage products.

At the same time, reefer containers are quite significant as they offer a massive space for perishable cargo transportation over long distances.

• Reefer container prices are relatively high as compared to that of fridge boxes.

Fridge boxes are less expensive because they do not need trucks that are fully equipped.

What are the Uses of a Reefer Container?

Some of the uses of reefer containers include:

• Transporting fruits and vegetables: reefer containers are perfect for transporting fruits and vegetables via both sea and road to hold them in vast quantities.
• Moving dairy products: they are used to transport dairy products but no for very long distances unless the products have been pasteurized.

For transportation of dairy products, most of the reefer containers are hoisted onto the dairy trucks.

• Transporting meat and poultry: meat and poultry are the second-largest products shipped by reefer containers after fruits and vegetables.
• Shipping of seafood: seafood spoils quickly, and using a reefer container to transport it ensures freshness of the cargo up to the destination.
• Reefer containers are used in the hospital sector to transport medicines that require regulated temperatures.

The boxes also help in the long-distance distribution of the medication to various destinations in massive amounts.

• Preservation of movie set props: big theaters with production equipment worth millions of dollars use reefer containers for transportation and conservation of movie set props.
• Preservation of flowers: reefer containers help in shipping flowers to various parts of the world by maintaining their freshness and preventing them from withering.
• Storage of wine: when exposed to sudden temperatures, wine can go wrong.

That is the main reason why highly specialized reefer containers are used for transporting wine across the oceans.

• Useful in military operations: military forces use reefer containers to store medicine, food, chemicals, and any other items that might get damaged when exposed to harsh climatic conditions.
• During disaster management: the ability of reefer containers to control interior temperatures makes them suitable for the storage of perishable foods, vaccines, and medicines when managing a disaster.

How can you Find the Best Deals when Buying a Reefer Container?

To obtain the best deals when buying reefer containers, you can use the following tactics:

• Conduct market research to clearly understand the reefer container market in China.
• You can buy reefer containers directly from the manufacturer.
• Buying reefer container in bulk.
• Be aware of the regulations in place as they will determine the taxes you should pay.
• To avoid incurring additional costs, research and understand the import rules of your country.
• Avoid fines by obtaining the necessary licenses for buying reefer containers on time.
• Research the reefer container market and find the appropriate supplier and manufacturer to avoid switching contracts and incur costs because of a contract breach.
• Consider the minimum order quantity required for the reefer container.
• Purchase insurance to ensure safety incase of damage en route.
• Check if drop shipping is available and shipping charges to be incurred.
• Consider involving an agent to guide you on where to find the best prices.

How does Hiring a Reefer Container compare to Buying a New one?

Choosing to hire or buy a reefer container does not have a specific formula.

The preliminary determination of the right decision to make is what you will need the reefer container for.

Some of the reasons to hire a reef container include:

• Seasonal needs; you may hire a reef container for only the times you need it for a season, which will be more economical than buying.
• On-site storage: reefer container can be hired when you need them for on-site storage as they are secure and cost-effective.
• Temporary storage: you may hire a reefer container when you need to hold of products temporarily, for example, during disaster management.
• Sporadic transport; hiring a reefer container may be appropriate if you would like to ship just a small number of products that can’t fill the entire container.

In this way, they will be consolidated with other customer’s products and shipped as one consignment.

• Easy disposal: hiring a reefer container is appropriate if you do not want to remove it after usage.

This is because once done with shipping, the user of the reefer container will take it back.

• Avoiding maintenance: hiring a reefer container will save you from the trouble of requiring ti service and maintain it as the owner will take care of that.
• Flexibility: you may hire a reefer container if you have not made up your mind on the specific kind of container that suits your needs well.

In case it doesn’t meet your requirements, you are in a better position to change it.

• Testing before buying: you may hire a reefer container to try it and ascertain it has the requirements you want.

After that, you may decide on whether to continue buying or rent your own.

Some of the reasons to buy reefer container include:

 

• Long term use: if you would like to use the reefer container for an extended period, it is most appropriate to buy your own.
• Customization: hired reefer containers have a limitation on the modifications you may make.

If you would like to modify your reefer container to your desire, then it is most appropriate to buy.

• Regular transportation use: if you use the reefer container to ship large quantities of goods consistently, it is most appropriate to buy.
• Convenience: having your reefer container will be very convenient for you as you can ship goods whenever you want and at any destination.
• Good investment: buying your shipping container is an excellent investment. Not only do you have to use it for your shipping, but you can also lease it to others at a fee.

Do Reefer Containers have a Warranty Period?

Most manufactures of reefer containers do not give a warranty on the box.

A few companies may provide warranties, such as a guaranty period of five years on the structure and maintenance guarantee where applicable.

What are the Limitations of Reefer Containers?

Some of the limitations of reefer containers include:

• Cost: the cost of purchasing a reefer container is relatively high though the service they provide always surpasses this.
• Route planning: at times, planning a transportation route for shipping using reefer container tends to be quite challenging when the consignment contains different customers’ products in other locations.
• Difficulty in filling consignment: containers tend to be tricky when the shipment is not loaded, leading to the incurrence of losses.

Which are the Available Areas of Application of Reefer Containers?

Some of the available areas of application of reefer container include:

• Activities and events: reefer containers may serve as storage in events such as sports events, festivals, trade fairs, and any other occasions that require perishables.
• Food industry: reefer containers serve the food industry by keeping the cooling room at the appropriate temperature and ensuring continuity of usage of perishables.

They are suitable for dairy, butcher shops, bakeries, meat and fish merchants, hospital cafeterias, and supermarkets.

• Factories and farmhouses: they are perfect cold storage for factories and farmhouses due to their ability to store large products, frozen goods, and products harvested in bulk.
• Product development and production: they contribute significantly to developing the industrial sector by providing a perfect area for testing new products.

Reefer containers fulfill this function effectively because they can stimulate different climatic conditions to bring out desired results.

• Chemical and pharmaceutical industry: reefer containers are perfect for serving as a storage unit for medicines and chemical substances that require cool temperatures.

It is also possible to conduct laboratory tests and studies that are long-term in the reefer containers’ cooling cells.

Are there ISO Standards for Reefer Containers?

Yes, there are ISO Standards for reefer containers.

Some of the ISO standards for reefer containers include:

• ISO 668: 2013: This standard specifies the external dimensions and minimal internal dimensions of reefer containers.
• ISO 9891-1 specifies the several parts and components needed to construct a reefer container.
• ISO 6346: 1995, which specifies the information needed for the correct coding, identification, and marking of any used ISO reefer container according to the manufacturer’s standard.
• ISO 1496: gives a description of the internal dimensions for the design of a reefer container.
• ISO 830:1999 was reviewed and confirmed in 2016, and it covers vocabulary used to accurately describe reefer containers.

Why use Reefer Containers Instead of Sending Items by air?

Despite an airplane being fast,

If you’re importing from China, knowing what first article inspection is important.

It forms a critical aspect of the quality control process.

So, if you want to learn more about the first article inspection, read this guide.

What is a First Article Inspection?

A first article inspection is an official method that provides a report on the measurements of products manufactured.

It is a verification method that compares two variables, the design of the product over the production feedback.

Why is First Article Inspection Necessary?

The first article inspection is necessary because it: –

• Reduces future risks
• Improves quality, delivery and enhances customer satisfaction
• Provides confidence that the processes are in line with the standards required
• Proves to the manufacturers that the products designed are in accordance to their requirements
• Provides quality assurance to the consumer, and the market at large
• Ensures all products are under a high quality operating measure that gives the product the best standards in the market.
• Promotes customer satisfaction due to the high standard of products
• Enhances production and documentation of commodities
• Monitors the production to ensure appropriate processes are followed during documentation
• Enables consistency in production of quality products
• Influences and markets products due to their high quality of production

What are the Conditions for First Article Inspection Form?

For a first article inspection to be taken, a number of items need to be included in the form.

They are: –

• Materials (raw materials for production)
• Personnel (people who perform the work)
• Time of production (duration estimated for production from the initial stage to end of the production)
• Equipment of production (machinery to perform the production processes)
• Other necessary documents that enhance production including the reports given to verify the quality of the products)

What is the Process of First Article Inspection?

The first article inspection is done during the initial stages of production.

Furthermore, the results are to be 100% compliant in accordance with the standards of the commodity given.

The first article inspection is done in stages from the time the supplier selects raw materials for production, to pre-planning, then the first article inspection commences.

When the first article inspection is completed, a report is documented.

When the report is in accordance with the required needs of the product, or it is 100% compliant, packaging and shipping commences to the consumer.

Below is a representation of the process of the first article inspection.

That is from the supplier, to pre-production, first article inspection, then when there is a 100% compliance, the product is moved for production, packing and finally shipping.

However, in case the product does not meet 100% compliance, it is reviewed for correction before proceeding with production.

When should Company begin the First Article Inspection?

A company should begin the first article inspection by planning on the activities to be performed before the production process.

Secondly, the first article inspection is conducted when there is an order contract between the producer and the buyer.

It may also be conducted if the production of a commodity change (from the initial design to a more modified one)

What Steps are in First Article Inspection?

Some of the main steps include determining:

• Design specialization inspection and creating the characteristics that may not be measured at the end of the product
• Product Design and the characteristics necessary for products that may not be covered in the balloon drawing
• Objective to be in the design characteristic
• The approved products have met the requirements, and contain the desired components.

Besides it ensures the contents meet the measure and standard expectations of the consumer

• The Main components and important items to be used in the production process, and that they tally with the required standards of form AS9100 and AS9102
• When the specific tools are required to enhance production

Additionally, it provides the customer with the first article inspection to verify that the products are in line with the desired specification.

The last stage is availing the first article inspection for review

How do you Create a First Article Inspection Report? What is an FAI Report?

A FAI report is an official document that approves the validity of a product.

It is a documentation method conducted during manufacturing whereby each buyer approves the report before purchasing the products.

To create a first article inspection report, you need to plan by collecting the necessary documents needed during the first article inspection.

Secondly, you create the inspection plan, you fill out form 1 and 2 of AS9102

You proceed to the manufacturing part.

Then collect data by inspecting the parts documented to verify that they tally and lastly you create a report to give feedback of the product.

The first article inspection report approves that the product is ready for use by consumers, and its quality is good.

What is the Advantage of the First Article Report?

Some of the advantages include:

• The first article report enhances the accuracy of the balloon drawings designed by engineers
• Ensure all the manufacturing process meet the standards of production
• Provides all tools required in the processing of the commodity and are in line with the specifications required
• The reports help limits the number of defects in mass production
• Controls the quality of production by monitoring closely on the design used during production
• The report assures the buyers that all parts and materials are manufactured and designed in accordance to the requirements needed.
• Both customers and manufactures can easily understand the specifications of the product.

What is First Article Inspection in Manufacturing?

It is the initial item that is manufactured using the same production process that the rest of mass production undergoes.

Its aim is to validate the client’s needs in terms of production, assembling, and all the requirements needed for mass production.

What is as9102 First Article Inspection?

It defines the first article inspection as planned, complete, independent, and documented inspection.

Besides, it is a form that verifies that the product is in accordance to the engineering drawings, planning, an order made and specifications.

What is the First Article Test?

Also known as (FAT)

It consists of official contractual tests that are done to ensure the effectiveness of the manufacturing process, equipment, and the procedures are undertaken.

Tests are done on a random sample from the first production hence the name first article test

Does ISO 9001 Require First Article Inspection?

Companies that manufacture aviation or aerospace machinery require the ISO 9001 certification.

Thus, a first article inspection will be required.

How is the First Article Inspection Process?

The process of the first article inspection involves a verification of the final product.

A comparison between the design of the product and the final product is done to prove compliance.

Normally, the process involves an adherence to a standard catalog AS9102 and the customers’ expectations since you must meet the customer requirements.

On a mass scale, the first article inspection is done using a first piece approval before proceeding.

The specific drawings or the revised parts of the manufactured parts must be in line with the specifications given requirement.

Besides, the first article inspection is done at each stage and a subsequent report is recorded

The first article inspection report is given to the manufacturer and the consumer whenever a contract arises.

The first article inspection report is given and it consists of three forms:

• Form 1 (accountability)
• Form 2 (product accountability)
• Form 3(characteristic accountability)

When filling the forms, each of them have different data to be filled.

For instance, it has a yellow-painted part which is mandatory, blue painted part, and a conditionally required part.

Lastly, there is a white paper which is an optional field

What is a Ballooned Drawing?

It is an itemized drawing that contains numbered balloons that represent individual dimensions and requirements for each part.

Each number on the ballooned drawing is represented by the data on the report.

A ballooned drawing area vital component in the inspection process.

It is a measurement used to identify various parts in a manufacturing or assembly process that is used by a drawing engineer.

The numbers and balloons are drawn in color red ink.

Below is a picture of a ballooned drawing marked in red color.

What are the Requirements for First Article Inspection?

Before the first article inspection is done, the following are mandatory: –

Raw Materials

It entails the raw material selected to process the required products.

The specific details and the type of material required are determined here.

Ballooned Drawing

It entails the specific measurements drawn by the engineer to give the final product.

Special Processing

It includes all the specific processing requirements needed to facilitate production.

Test Procedures

It entails the tests, inspection plan executed when the final product is out before heading to the consumer.

What is the Importance of the First Article Inspection Checklist?

You need this checklist to carry out first article inspection.

The checklist may be handed over to the quality assurance inspectors.

They verify the conditions of products.

With the help of a checklist, you can identify any defects.

You can verify whether the agreements between the buyer and manufacturer be kept in terms of time, costs.

In case of illness, the colleagues may easily proceed with the work with less difficulty.

It facilitates one to conduct quality and safety inspection systematically.

Moreover, it offers more than 10,000 templates to assist companies to get started with the first article inspection.

Again, it effectively enhances the quality assurance of production.

Normally, it creates a platform where all results can be documented after a complete inspection.

It enhances the quality of the product hence you can identify the inefficient areas in a particular company.

Note:

The first article inspection checklist has a more advanced method that is digitalized.

Currently, the checklist helps you to convert all data from an individual report to a digital checklist with less effort.

It offers more than enough ready-made templates.

Besides, it helps companies start the first article inspection easily.

After this, all the results and reports are converted and stored in the digital report.

It facilitates a larger number of companies when undergoing the first article inspection.

What is the Last Article Inspection?

(LAI) used in cases of higher risks.

It is conducted as the last step in order to verify the originality of a product.

However, the last article inspection may be implemented when there is a change in the design of a product.

What is First Piece Approval?

It is the first process that approves the products from a new design.

Normally this process entails a repetition or a correction of the previous design if the producer or buyer is not comfortable with the current design.

It is an inspection done after a change is made on an initial process.

Moreover, it is an inspection done at every stage of the production process.

Its focus is during the process when the actual process is taking place and not the final result.

It verifies all the manufacturing products in each step and focuses on the current operation.

The processes are engineering, programming, machinery check-up, an inspection of equipment, and all relevant procedures to enhance production.

Most cases, customers focus on the first piece of approval, because it gives them the quality of production.

The first piece of approval is handed over to another unit of inspection before sending the results out, it is done to assure quality work.

In cases where defects are detected, the inspection unit corrects in accordance to the balloon drawing.

What are Inspection Methods?

There are three types of an inspection conducted, they include: –

• Before production inspection
• During line production
• Final inspection

Before Production Inspection

It is conducted when the raw materials are tested before getting into production.

This involves numerous tests to examine the weight of the material, quality, uniqueness, texture, and durability.

It is done to determine whether the raw material has any defects, hence rejected

Inspection of materials is done beforehand, way before production begins

It is done to avoid cases where the consumer rejects a product due to its defects.

Inline Production Inspection

It is an inspection done during the production process.

Each subsequent stage has a distinct type of inspection to improve the quality of production.

In this type of inspection, a correction may be made whenever a problem is identified during the production process.

Any defect detected can be rectified during the inline production inspection.

An example of an in-line production inspection is during the cutting phase.

You should check each piece to ensure it conforms to the required dimensions and sizes.

Final Inspection

It is the last stage of inspection before auditors take charge and verify the quality of the product before heading to the market.

At this stage, products are thoroughly examined to increase the efficiency in terms of size, overall appearance, and packaging.

The branding of a product is done at this final inspection stage.

This is after you ensure that the standards of the products are 100% compliant according to the set specifications.

However, some products may have defects despite the numerous checks at the three stages of inspection.

In such cases, you can remove the products and replace them with a high-quality item.

What is a Pilot Piece of Inspection?

It is done when a new product or a new design of a product has been developed.

At times, you can start using the pilot plant in case the production process does not face any challenges.

Remember, quality compliance is a major concern.

How are Standard Catalogue Items Defined?

A catalog is a list of items that have been recorded for sale.

The standard catalog items are identified by the 9102 code and 9100 code.

It confirms that the material used in the industry is in line with the standard requirement of the industry.

For instance, in the first article inspection.

In the aerospace industry, it is provided by the AS9102 code, which is a mandatory requirement during the inspection.

The purpose of this standard code is to create a consistent flow of inspection when documenting the first article inspection.

The standard code is a certification based on the level of published documentation of varied companies.

For example, SAE, the Society of Aerospace Engineers formulated its standard code to monitor the records, quality and other activities that may enhance their production.

What are Supplier Requirements for First Article Inspection Report?

Any supplier will need a list of requirements for the first articles inspection report, which are: –

• The AS9102 form to be filled with all the details of the products and it should satisfy the need of consumer
• A report of first article inspection for review
• A balloon drawing created for each first article inspection report for submission
• Raw materials and their certifications
• A catalogue with a list of all purchased, manufactured or assembled products that have been designed by the engineer responsible
• All documentation of the designs of the manufactured parts
• Any documentation of the modified parts
• Documentation of any changes made on the designs of the manufactured or the assembled parts
• Records to assist in tracing the process, products and the drawings

At Tj chinafreight, we help you with all quality control processes including the first article inspection and factory audit.

Contact us today for all your quality inspection services before importing from China.

Shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A. entails a series of procedures before the products reach their destination.

This guide will explain documents needed, costs, benefits, and other factors that comprise the shipping process from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

Existing Trade Relations between Vietnam and U.S.A.

Vietnam and U.S.A. have a very great trade relationship between them and very high diplomatic relations.

Most American importers nowadays source their goods from Vietnam, and they greatly benefit from the commercial balance.

Since the U.S.A. normalized bilateral relations, trade relations between Vietnam and the U.S.A. have become comprehensive and cooperative, bringing forth flourishing partnership.

The U.S.A. supports Vietnam to make it strong, independent, prosperous, and contributes to its international security.

USA-Vietnam trade relations ensure engagement in a fair trade that is reciprocal and respects human beings’ rights.

Trade relations between the U.S.A. and Vietnam are guided by US-Vietnam Comprehensive Partnership, which advances bilateral relationships.

This comprehensive partnership puts a mechanism to facilitate cooperation in several areas like trade, economic ties, security, and political and diplomatic relations.

After introducing its new market reforms, Vietnam was able to open for foreign investment to include countries like U.S.A. and greatly improved its economic environment.

It made Vietnam become the fastest growing economy in the entire world.

Since the enactment of the US-Vietnam bilateral trade agreement, there has been rapid trade growth between them.

Through this agreement, U.S.A. and Vietnam have been able to achieve the following:

• Concluded a trade investment framework.
• Signed agreements for air transport, maritime and textile.

Average Time it Takes to Ship from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Many people are adopting the norm of buying from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

However, shipping takes quite some time to reach the destination due to the geographical distance.

It is because Vietnam and U.S.A. are about Two-thirds of the distance of the earth apart.

The most basic form of transportation between the two is air freight and ocean freight.

There are no direct flights from Vietnam to the U.S.A. thus, there is a need to take several flights.

Therefore, the average time needed to transport cargo using air transport from Vietnam to U.S.A. is about eight to ten days.

It is inclusive of the time used in transporting the cargo from the place of purchase to the destination.

For ocean freight, the time may last up to a month.

Depending on the type of goods, local characteristics, and the order, the duration may be short or long.

Use this website to estimate the freight time by sea/ocean: Ports.com

Cost of Shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Many factors determine the cost of shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A., and these include:

• Location.
• Size.
• Shipping mode; sea F.C.L., sea L.C.L., air or express.

The F.C.L. shipping rates of the 40-inch container from Vietnam to the U.S.A. range between $2100 and $4000.

On the other hand L.C.L. shipping rate from Vietnam to U.S.A. range between $900-$1500.

The cost of shipping via air from Vietnam to U.S.A. ranges between $2050-$2300.

These are door to door shipping averages for a load of 200kg/1 cbm.

Air freights costs per kg decreases the larger your shipment’s weight.

The chargeable weight per K.G. for a load of 10kg is $114.96, for 100kg is $15.89 and for 300kg is $8.98.

Shipping freight that is below 100 kg from Vietnam to the U.S.A. is quite affordable, and quicker using express.

When freight reaches around the 100 kg mark, the air becomes the most affordable option.

How to Reduce Cost of Shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

Some of the ways to reduce the cost of shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• Decrease the shipping distance: the higher the shipping zone, the more expensive and slow it is to ship. In this case, you can reduce the shipping cost by eliminating shipping to higher zones.
• Weighing your packages and reducing dimensions: heavy items cost more unless using a flat rate shipping. You can reduce this cost by consolidating packages and reducing their dimensions.
• Getting discounted shipping rates by attempting to negotiate volume discount in exchange for loyalty.
• Ensuring your cargo with third parties.
• Checking out offers from suppliers you buy from and taking advantage of that.
• Familiarize yourself with the import rules of your country to avoid spending on unnecessary expenses.
• Going prepaid: prepaying for your products at times can get you at least 20% off the shipping costs.
• Obtain the necessary licenses to obtain incurring costs as a result of fines.
• Switching from Boxes to Polymers: if you are shipping small nonfragile materials from Vietnam to the U.S.A., like clothing, you may package them in a polymer. It is because polymers are cheaper in comparison to boxes, and they take up smaller space. Thus, you can pack a lot in a single shipment.
• Opt for an agent to guide you on the best prices around.
• Check the shipping charges to ascertain if drop shipping is available.

Best freight Modes when Shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Some of the best freight modes when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• Airfreight
• Ocean freight
• Express shipping

Airfreight between Vietnam to U.S.A.:

Airfreight from Vietnam to the U.S.A. is the first time but also the most expensive.

The time taken to move products by air from Vietnam to the U.S.A. is about 7 to 8 days using classic air freight while using express air freight takes about 3 to 5 days.

Express air freight is faster because it uses an automated process thus takes about a day or few hours.

Airfreight can be more advantageous than other modes if your goods measure less than 2CBM and weigh less than 150 kilograms.

There is no direct airline linking Vietnam to the U.S.A. directly, and stopovers will have to be made in several Asian hubs before a transfer is made to its final destination.

Major freight airports in U.S.A. include:

• Memphis international airport:
• Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport:
• Louisville International Airport
• Chicago O’Hare International airport
• Miami International Airport
• Los Angeles International Airport

Major freight airports in Vietnam include:

• Tan Son Nhat International Airport
• Noi Bai International Airport
• Da Nang International Airport
• Phu Bai international airport
• Haiphong international airport
• Cam Ranh International Airport

Ocean Freight between Vietnam and USA:

U.S.A. is one of the greatest countries in the world geographically, economically and has a large population.

Being in the Northern part of the continent makes it have great coastlines on oceans such as the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico.

These features enable the country to receive and export large numbers of goods to and from overseas.

Ocean freight mode of transport is the most commonly used method when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Some of the shipping companies operating between Vietnam and U.S.A. include:

• Evergreen
• CSAV
• ZIM
• Yang Ming
• MAERSK
• “K” Line
• Delmas
• Cosco Shipping
• CMA CGM
• Hanjin
• Wan Hai Line Limited
• UASC
• MSC
• Fesco
• Hapag Lloyd

Seaports in Vietnam Include:

• Hai Phong Port
• Vung Tau Port
• VungPhong port
• Quy Nhon Port
• Quang Ninh Port
• Saigon Port
• Cua Lo Port
• Dung Quat Port
• Chan May Port
• Da Nang Port

Seaports in U.S.A. include:

• Port of Los Angeles: this is the busiest port in the U.S.A. and North America. It mainly handles very bulky cargo.
• Port of long beach: it is the second port in Los Angeles and ranked among the U.S.A busiest ports.
• Port of New York/ New Jersey: it is among the biggest and busiest ports in U.S.A.
• Port of Savannah; has an average tonnage of about 35 million and is a rapidly growing sport.
• Port of Houston; is ranked as the 6^th busiest and the biggest port in the U.S.A. In terms of handling cargo tonnage, the Port of Houston is ranked second.

Express shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.:

Express shipping is used in scenarios where you have a small shipment, and you need it to be delivered as quickly as possible.

Express shipping is usually preferred for shipments that are smaller than 5 C.B.M.s and 20 kilograms.

Advantages of express shipping include:

• It is the fastest method of transporting freight.
• Express shipping is very suitable for small shipments.
• Customs clearance is quicker and efficient.

Express shipping is ideal for:

• Executives who would like to send urgent documents.
• Businesses that require to send their products quickly.
• Individuals who require their parcels faster.
• People are traveling and sending luggage to pick it at their destination.

The main drawback of express shipping is that it is relatively expensive concerning other modes.

Courier companies that you can use for express shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• Viettel Post Joint Stock Corporation
• AN Binh Express International Transport TM-DV Company Limited
• Viet International Express Joint Stock Company
• T.I. Express
• Viet AN International Service Logistics Company Limited
• DHL Global Forwarding (Vietnam) Corporation
• P.S. Viet Nam Joint Stock Company
• Federal Express Viet Nam Company Limited (FedEx)
• S.C. Express Service and Trading Joint Stock Company

Freight Documents needed to Ship from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Documents needed to ship goods from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

Bill of Lading

A bill of lading is like a passport for the goods you want to ship in simpler terms.

It is a document that shows that the transfer is legal because it is issued after payment has been made to the carrier.

Depending on the mode of transport used, it can either be a bill of lading for ocean freight or an air waybill if the goods are shipped via air.

The information provided in the bill of lading includes:

• Shipper.
• Consignee.
• Vessel Number.
• Notify Party.
• Place of delivery.
• Port of discharge.
• Containers number.
• Dimensions or Volume of the cargo.
• Goods description.
• The net weight of the cargo.

The Original Invoice

It is a type of document issued by USCBP to ascertain that the number of goods received corresponds to what was declared.

Packing List

This gives a summary of all the items in your shipment. in case there are hazardous or chemical products.

In the shipment, you should attach an MSDS datasheet.

Certificate of Origin

This document is very important as it is proof showing that you manufactured your goods in Vietnam.

The manufacturer should sign the certificate of origin.

The Vietnam Government then delivers it.

Import/Export Declaration

It is prepared by either the exporter or importer, and it is submitted to the customs office.

Depending on the different requirements the importer should meet, the form will vary in different contracts.

Import Permit

This is issued for restricted goods as they require a license delivered to the authority concerned before the goods leave or enter a country.

Some of the products requiring this license include:

• Food products
• Drugs
• Plant
• Animal
• Articles that are trademarked, for example, name brand shoes
• Sportswear apparel
• Toys
• handbags

Packing Materials when Shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Some of the packing materials used when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• Carton boxes: cartons that are thick and do not bend will be the best for protecting your cargo in case of impacts.

Carton boxes ensure excellent packing of your products no matter their size and shape.

• Pallets: they ensure safety when handling cargo and placing it in a container as you can move easily with mechanical handling methods.
• Wooden Crates: for easier transportation from Vietnam to the U.S.A., voluminous products can be placed inside a wooden crate.

Also, if the goods are displayed without a particular direction, it is better to use the crate.

• Other packing materials include bubble wrap, wrapping paper, and tape, and these enable a cushion between the products and the carton or the box. They are used to isolate the products during transit.

Top Exports from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Some of the top exports from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• Broadcasting equipment.
• Integrated circuits.
• Furniture
• Textile footwear.
• Knit sweaters.
• Leather footwear.
• Knit women’s suits.
• Computers.
• Non-knit women’s suits.
• Bedding.
• Agricultural products.
• Seafood.

Incoterms to use when Shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Some of the incoterms that you should use when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• EXW: the incoterm in this category is EXW (Ex Works plus a named place).

This incoterm states that, the seller is not responsible for the costs, risks, and obligations, and their job is all done when the goods are ready at their factory.

• Free on Board (F.O.B.): this term grants you and the seller freedom to do what you know best, and the seller needs to secure more competitive pricing at the origin.

This is because the seller is aware of the processes and requirements of their country.

• Cost Insurance and Freight (C.I.F.): the seller assumes the risk and will be responsible for buying insurance to import the products. C.I.F. is only used in sea transportation.
• Free Carrier (F.C.A.): due to the flexibility of F.C.A., it allows your goods to be delivered at the premises of the seller and several other points located in the seller’s country.
• Free Alongside Shipment (F.A.S.): this is mostly used when importing bulk cargo from Vietnam to U.S.A. The seller organizes the delivery of their purchased goods to be near a given port or given vessel to await shipment.
• Cost and Freight (C.F.R.): in this incoterm, the seller will not pay for insurance, and it is only used for sea transport.
• Carriage Paid To (C.P.T.): it is used for all modes of transport. It states that the seller will deliver the goods to the carrier at their own expense or nominate another person.
• Carriage and insurance paid to (C.I.P.): C.I.P. is used for all modes of transport. It states that once the seller transfers the goods to the carrier, the risk of transportation of the goods shifts.
• Delivered at Terminal (D.A.T.): it states that besides a transport terminal in your country.

The only other place where your shipments can be delivered maybe your premises or a nearby location,

• Delivered Duty Paid (DDP): in DDP, the seller assumes the costs of risks and the importation procedures in shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

The seller will also ensure the delivery of the goods at the agreed.

• Delivered at Place (D.A.P.): in D.A.P., the buyer will take care of the importation procedures, the costs of risks, and ensure that they are delivered to the destination.

Best Time to Ship from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Seasonal factors greatly determine the rates of freight, especially F.C.L. sea freight and air.

It is important to take into account peak seasons when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

It is important to note that during the holiday shopping season, the prices of products will rise, which will not be an appropriate time to ship from Vietnam.

The best time to shop is during the fall months, which lack holidays as the prices will be relatively lower.

You may use these tips to track peak seasons when shipping.

Types of Containers to use when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Some of the types of shipping containers used when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• Ocean container or sea container: they are a type of container specifically suited for the transportation of products across the ocean. Their material is corrosion-resistant.
• Intermodal container: this type of container is suited for several transport modes, including sea and air.
• ISO container: it is a type of container that suits the international organization’s specification for standardization.
• Cargo containers: it is a type of container with the certification to move goods across the ocean.
• One-trip containers: these are types of containers that have only been used once across the sea.
• Reefers: this type of container is used to transport perishable products that are temperature sensitive.
• Conex box: this type of unit was designed in the Korean war.

Labeling Requirements when Shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

Labeling regulations stipulated in the Regulation on Labels and Decree provides guidance on how goods produced in Vietnam should be labeled.

Labeling in Vietnam requires exact numbers, scripts, drawings, symbols, and signals in line with the products’ nature.

Notes that are unclear and may result in mistakes with other goods are not allowed.

For uniform state management of labeling requirements, the Ministry of Science and Technology is the one responsible.

It is done under the Directorate for Standards and Quality Department in the stated ministry.

The labeling requirements when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

Goods not Requiring Labeling

Some of the products that do not require labeling when shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A. include:

• Fresh foodstuff
• Processed foodstuff
• Fuel
• Raw materials (agricultural products, minerals, and sea products)
• Construction materials such as bricks, lime, stone, sand, gravel, rich soil, cement, and commodity concentrate mixture and mortar.
• Waste material in business production

Goods that require to be used for security, national defense, or emergency purposes are not labeled when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

Other goods that do not require labeling are export goods labeled to suit the importer’s requirements.

Languages to use in Labeling Import, Export Goods

Export goods can be labeled o the importing regions and countries under the supply contract.

Import goods require that they be labeled in Vietnamese for obligatory contents unless I have a particular specified event.

The original labels should be kept unchanged.

The labels should state clearly the obligatory contents like business address, name of the products, origin of the products, and particular requirements of each kind of goods.

Contents of Label

A good label should state clearly the following:

• Name of the goods
• Origin of the goods
• Traders address

Apart from these requirements, organizations or individuals must state clearly if they want any other provisions on the labels.

Custom Clearance Requirements when Shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

When importing goods into the U.S., here is a series of steps that you will follow:

• The first step is arranging with the C.B.P. at the airport or port before the goods arrive in U.S.A. territory. You will have to make payment for all necessary duties and electronically send the documents.
• Once the arrangement has been made, it is necessary to declare the goods by stating their purpose; whether for consumption or re-export.
• Once the cargo arrives, either you or the customs broker should initiate the C.B.P. within 15 days. This will help in avoiding incurring the added costs of storage and will liberate the products from custody.
• The entry summary form should be sent to the C.B.P. office within ten days after the cargo release. This form should give very clear details about the value and origin of the goods imported.
• It is important to pay the required duties in the specified period. It is also essential to note that the goods will remain kept in custody until all the customs requirements are followed.

Quality Standard Requirements to Consider when Shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

Some of the quality standard requirements to consider when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• National technical regulations (QCVN)
• Vietnamese Standards (TCVN)
• Foreign Standards: GOST, BS. I.S., AS, DIN, NF.JIS and K.S.
• Professional Association Standards: ASTM, AOCS, AOAC, ASMEA, API, and A.W.S.
• International standards: ISO, CODEX, I.E.C., and OIML.
• Other publications and journals.

Role of Freight Forwarder in Shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A.

The roles of freight forwarder when shipping from Vietnam to U.S.A. include:

• Offering advice to the shipper: freight forwarders advise clients and inform them of the challenges likely encountered in the shipping process.
• Freight forwarders make the shipping process easier as they are knowledgeable in shipping regulations, transportation costs, and banking practices.
• Booking freight space on transportation modes: they book cargo space for their clients on ships and airplanes. They have the expertise and very extensive connections to enable importation and exportation from various countries.
• Packing, warehousing, and distribution: the freight forwarder can organize for packing, warehousing, or distribution once the goods arrive.
• Providing insurance services: freight forwarders organize for insurance to ensure that cargo is safe in case of damages during transit.
• Perform documentation and customs clearance: they prepare and submit the necessary documentation required to export goods. They will ensure legal compliance of the goods to required regulations and customs.

Challenges in Air Freight from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

Each mode of transportation faces its challenges.

Despite shipping goods by air from Vietnam to the U.S.A. being the fastest way, it has several challenges.

Some of the challenges likely to be encountered in air freight when shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A. include:

• Security: more stringent security measures have been established in all aspects of trade globally. However, there still is no accepted global standard.
• Ecommerce: the rapid growth in eCommerce has led to many goods been shipped by air. The rise in shipment by air has resulted in the air transport sector’s challenge inventing ways of the goods reaching their destination faster.
• Oil prices: fluctuating fuel prices are a major challenge in the aviation industry. It is not easy to solve this challenge shortly, through a little progress is being made.
• Protectionism: trade protectionism is an issue that concerns the whole industry, and it leads to a reduced volume of trade. This, in turn, leads to a drop in the business of the entire industry.
• Capacity: at time there is reduced demand for air transportation, which can be a loss to the air freight industry. However, technology can offer assistance by optimizing loads to achieve effective operations.

Challenges in Ocean Freight from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

Some of the challenges in ocean freight when shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A. include:

• Bunker fuel Sulphur reduction: most large ocean-going ships obtain their fuel; from “Bunker” oil, a residue obtained by distilling crude oil.

When this oil is used in the ships, it produces huge Sulphur oxides that harm the ocean.

• Political and economic trouble and tariffs: political situations can bring about rising tariffs as they influence international exchange rates for currency.

The U.S.A. dollar is mostly used as a benchmark for international pricing, and thus its performance greatly affects the payment prices used.

• Fluctuating capacity from international shippers: ocean shipper is always very keen on protecting their profit margins.

Due to impacts from the economy and politics, international shippers avoid keeping their rates standard in a volatile market place.

• Lack of visibility cost: due to multiple organizations being involved in global shipping, there is a lack of transparency.

This makes it difficult for the freight forwarder to ascertain what they are paying for and difficult to quote exact rates to customers.

• Price sensitive market: the price is a major attraction to most end customers. This makes it difficult for freight forwarders to beat the competition when customers require their quote or rate sheet.

Benefits of US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement when Shipping from Vietnam to the U.S.A.

Some of the benefits of the US-Vietnam Bilateral trade agreement include:

• Restrictions on trading rights have loosened: before the trade agreement, engaging in trade was restricted, and several intense conditions were in place before obtaining export and import licenses.

This restriction has been abolished due to B.T.A., which has ensured efficiency in trade relations between the U.S.A. and Vietnam.

• Significant reduction of products with import quotas: import quotas were an important protection element in the past in Vietnam.

B.A.T. between U.S.A. and Vietnam has ensured that each sector is protected using quantitative restrictions and only allowing important quotas for specific restricted goods.

• Reduced average tariff rate: Th US-Vietnam bilateral trade agreement has designed efficient quantitative restrictions that protects sellers in Vietnam.

To compensate for the quota system that has been loosened, many rates have been revised, thus ensuring efficiency.

• High protection: B.A.T. has positively impacted the tariff rates for all sectors.

Thus ensuring they are safe from violation and ensuring protection when shipping to the U.S.A.

• Tariff concessions: The US-Vietnam Bilateral trade agreement includes very specific requisitions by Vietnam to reduce the tariff rates on a percentage of agricultural products.

The Vietnamese rates are not considered high by established countries like the U.S.A.

• Safeguard: The Bilateral Trade Agreement between Vietnam and the U.S.A. offers provisions in the market access area by protecting the sellers.

For example, when the economy encounters a surge, either the importer or the exporter should temporarily raise the tariff.

• Transparency: B.T.A. made Vietnam agree to implement transparent commercial dealings with U.S.A. and allowing U.S.A. individuals and businesses the right to appeal rulings.
• Expansion: US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade agreement has opened up goods service sectors for foreign investments.
• The US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement has eliminated trade-related investment measures between Vietnam and the U.S.A. to ensure efficiency.

This guide explores everything you need to know about shipping from Australia to the USA.

From shipping cost, type of shipping container, express shipping, air freight, labeling to ocean freight – you will find everything about shipping from Australia to the USA right here.

Keep reading to learn more.

Transit Time when Shipping from Australia to the USA

The transit time varies with the shipping method that you employ.

When shipping from Australia to the USA, you can use either air freight or sea freight.

Airfreight involves the use of planes, whereas sea freight is enabled by using ships.

Both these shipping methods are significant when you consider time and money.

When you use air freight, you benefit from faster shipping at a relatively higher cost.

Sea freight costs you much less while it takes a longer time to have received your shipment.

You can pay up to five times less when you use the sea option compared to air freight.

The lower costs in sea freight can be attributed to using a single container to carry multiple loads. You have your cargo bundled up with others whose destination is similar to yours.

However, you will wait longer to receive your shipment from Australia to the USA by sea.

Usually, you find this shipping approach can take several weeks, with some taking as much as six weeks.

The transit time using sea freight is also longer when there are several ports of call along the transit route.

Ports of call are ports between the ports of origin and destination where a ship makes a stop.

Here is a useful tool you can use to estimate transit time: Ports.com Sea Route.

When using air freight, a cargo plane is used to ferry your package or load it to an airport.

From here, your shipment is disbursed to your state of residence and eventually collection point.

A cargo flight from Australia will take about two days to reach the USA.

The transit time will increase by a couple of working days, depending on your state of residence and customs clearance.

Nevertheless, a transit time of between five to ten working days suffices when you ship using air freight.

If you have details of the cargo plane, you can use Flightradar24 to track the plane.

Benefits of Air Freight Shipping from Australia to USA

You typically employ Air freight when dealing with valuable cargo with low volume.

Due to the size limitations, you cannot use air freight for large valuable cargo such as industrial machinery.

You find the following advantages in employing air freight from Australia to the USA:

• You experience shorter transit times when using air freight compared to sea freight.

You have your transit time ranging from as low as three business days to ten business days using air freight.

On the other hand, you can wait up to forty-five days using sea freight to receive your cargo.

• You find the reliability of using air freight to be high in terms of departure and arrival times.

Airlines are known for working on a precise schedule due to the dynamic and intrinsic nature of airports.

Therefore, using air freight, when provided with an expected time of arrival for your load, you are assured of it.

• Using air freight is convenient, notwithstanding your location in the USA due to an elaborate air network.

While some states are landlocked without access to the sea, you have well-developed airports in each of them.

Consequently, when you use air freight, you receive your shipment from Australia at any USA location.

• Airfreight cost surpasses sea freight significantly; however, you incur lower insurance costs with the former.

You have the short transit time to thank for the low insurance cost as it takes only a few days.

• When you use air freight, you lower the chances of losing your cargo to theft or damage. The safety protocols installed in airports ensure your shipment is in good hands with reduced criminal element exposure.
• Employing air freight allows you to eliminate the need for using a warehouse and keeping a large stock.

The time taken for inspecting the cargo and clearing it is reduced, allowing for a quick transit time.

• When you employ air freight to the USA from Australia, you use minimal packaging for your shipment.

Consequently, you achieve some cost savings, unlike with sea freight that has many packaging requirements.

• You can follow your shipment status when you use air freight to the USA from Australia via provided web applications.

As such, you will know the location of your load at any given time in anticipation of its receipt.

• Airfreight from Australia to the USA is especially useful when your cargo consists of perishable goods.

Perishable goods are those whose condition and quality deteriorates over time out of environmental concern, such as flowers.

Limitations of Air Freight Shipping from Australia to the USA

While air freight has revolutionized transport and trade over the years, it is still subject to some limitations.

The following pointers highlight the unsuitability of using air freight from Australia to the USA.

Airfreight is Costly

When you use air freight from Australia to the USA, you incur high costs compared to sea freight.

Consequently, you find using air freight only suitable for high-value items with low volumes.

Limited Carrying Capacity

When using air freight for your shipment to the USA, you are limited in the capacity of goods you can carry.

Cargo planes have limited capacities in terms of load and volume compared to ships.

Consequently, you cannot carry very large and heavy cargo on planes when shipping from Australia to the USA.

High-risk Factor

There is an element of risk when using air freight across a distance such as Australia to the USA. A system failure in an airplane can result in a great loss when it happens.

While incidents are a rarity, when they do happen, it comes at great cost.

Dependent on Weather Conditions

Airfreight is subject to the prevailing weather conditions, which can result in a cancellation of a flight.

Weather conditions such as heavy rainfall or snow, dense fog, and cyclones can disrupt air transport.

When this happens, you wait for much longer to receive your shipment.

Main Air Ports in Australia

Australia’s airport infrastructure is highly developed, with many international airports from whence air freight companies operate.

You can disburse goods to the USA from the following Australian Airports.

• Sydney Airport in the city of Sydney in New South Wales.
• Melbourne Airport in Melbourne, Victoria.
• Adelaide Airport in Adelaide, South Australia.
• Perth Airport Perth in Western Australia.
• Brisbane Airport Brisbane in Queensland.

Main Air Ports in the USA

You will find many international airports in the USA across the fifty states. Some of the major airports you find used for air freight are:

• Memphis International Airport in Memphis, Tennessee
• Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport in Anchorage, Alaska
• Louisville International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky
• O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois
• Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California
• Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport in Hebron, Kentucky
• Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in Irving, Texas
• Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in College Park, Georgia
• Indianapolis International Airport in Indianapolis, Indiana
• Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida

Sea Freight Shipping from Australia to USA

Sea freight is the shipment of cargo from one point to another across a water body.

When using sea freight, you load your cargo in containers or directly onto ships for transportation.

You use sea freight for the transfer of voluminous and bulky goods between Australia and the USA.

The various seaports in Australia and the USA allow for ships’ docking to load and unload cargo.

Sea Routes from Australia to the USA

A sea route is a path formed on water bodies by traversing ships connecting different seaports.

Sea routes help you to safely navigate the open waters when on a voyage to a destination port.

You note that some sea routes have ports of call, where the ship makes a stopover.

A stopover at a port of call allows you to refuel the vessel, offload cargo, or load more cargo.

Some of the major sea routes from Australia to the USA are:

• From the port of Sydney, Australia, to the port of Philadelphia on the American East Coast.
• From the port of Darwin, Australia, to the port of Houston, USA.
• From the port of Sydney, Australia, to the port of Oakland, California, on the American West Coast.
• From the port of Adelaide, Australia, to the port of Memphis, USA.
• From the port of Sydney, Australia, to the port of Vancouver, USA.

 Benefits of using Sea Freight from Australia to the USA

You derive many benefits from using sea freight when conducting shipping from Australia to the USA as follows:

Lower Freight Cost

When you use sea freight, you incur a lower cost in comparison to air freight.

You spend less on sea freight due to its large capacity allowing the carriage of several cargoes on a single haul.

Low Maintenance Cost

Maintaining a water vessel at sea is significantly lower than maintaining an airplane in the air.

Furthermore, given the value and volume of goods, you observe the cost is watered down to insignificant levels.

Convenient for Heavy Cargo

When shipping bulky cargo from Australia to the USA, sea freight offers you the most convenience.

Airplanes have a maximum payload of about a few hundred tons, whereas a ship can carry thousands of tons.

Furthermore, some loads are too large for airplanes to carry, such as heavy industrial machinery and equipment.

You easily move this type of cargo on ships given their large capacities and ability to accommodate voluminous cargo.

Environmentally Friendly

When using sea freight, you contribute to lower carbon emissions given the increased efficiency in combusting fuel.

Additionally, you carry cargo in bulk in a single haul compared to the multiple trips you’d take with other methods.

Increased Safety

When handling sensitive cargo that requires specialized packaging and containments, sea freight offers you the best shipping option.

The containers you use on the vessel are made to make a firm lock on the ship during loading.

Increased Efficiency

The efficiency of sea freight is a factor that makes you spend less on freight charges with this option.

You can package multiple cargoes in a single container, with a ship having the capacity to carry several containers.

Limitations of Sea Freight Shipping from Australia to USA

Using sea freight from Australia to the USA comes attached with several pros.

However, you encounter a few cons with this shipping approach:

It is a Slow Method

Using sea freight from Australia to the USA takes a long time running into several weeks.

Comparatively, air freight from Australia to the USA only takes a couple of days.

Therefore, you cannot use sea freight for highly perishable goods and items with short lead times.

Increased Risk

Sea freight is prone to attack by pirates and other insurgents lurking in the open sea.

While you put in place security measures, you incur a great loss when these measures are compromised.

Moreover, the extended lead time of sea freight between Australia and the USA can be subject to sudden weather changes.

Such changes can result in necessary delays or loss of cargo at sea at worst.

Inflexibility

When using sea freight from Australia to the USA, you are pinned to a fixed route and timetable.

Additionally, you cannot monitor the progress of your cargo through tracking.

Requires Secondary Transport

Sea freight from Australia to the USA delivers goods from one Australian port to an American port.

However, when you are located inland, you need road or rail networks to deliver your good.

Main Sea Ports in Australia

A seaport is a facility located on a sea coast where ships berth to load or unload cargo or passengers.

Australia is an island continent with a long coastline you find populated by well-developed seaports.

Some of the major seaports in Australia are as follows:

i. Port of Brisbane

The Port of Brisbane is the third busiest in Australia and largest in Queensland.

About three thousand ships move through this port annually, with cargo amounting to over twenty-eight million tons.

Furthermore, the Port of Brisbane has a high maritime security ranking at level one.

Additionally, you find the Port of Brisbane pits much focus on ecological and environmental awareness.

ii. Port of Sydney

The Port of Sydney was first constructed on the Sydney Harbor before being expanded to accommodate more vessels.

Consequently, the port extended to Botany Bay, which is why you also know it as the Port of Botany.

You find the Port of Sydney at number two on the list of the largest ports in Australia. Millions of tons of cargo and thousands of ship traffic through the Port of Sydney every year.

iii. Port of Fremantle

The Port of Fremantle is the busiest on the Western coast of Australia, with thousands of employees.

Every year, cargo totaling over 35 million tons is handled in this port, making it busy twenty-four hours a day.

iv. Port of Melbourne

The Port of Melbourne is of great importance to Australia, handling over two million total equivalent units of cargo annually.

Of all major ports in the southern hemisphere handling containers, the Port of Melbourne is the fourth largest.

v. Port of Hedland

The Port of Hedland is located in Western Australia and is the largest container port in the country.

Cargo amounting to over four hundred million tons is handled at this port annually.

You find modern technological aspects incorporated in this port in terms of handling cargo and determining weather conditions.

Also, the Port of Hedland has a high maritime security rating of level one.

vi. Port of Darwin

The Port of Darwin is privately owned by Landbridge, which is a Chinese company.

Cargo totaling over four million tons is handled annually in this port, most of it originating from or going to Asia.

vii. Port of Adelaide

The Port of Adelaide is situated in Southern Australia, where it is the largest and most important.

You find this port to have, mixed cargo amounting to over a hundred million tons annually.

viii. Port of Newcastle

Located in New South Wales, the Port of Newcastle is the largest on Australia’s east coast.

You find this port is suitably positioned along the Pacific sea routes with a cargo haul of over 160 million tons.

Main Sea Ports in the USA

The United States of America has a long coastline extending along both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

You find major ports along the East Coast, the West Coast, and the South coast that traffic thousands of ships annually.

Some of the major seaports in the USA are:

i. Port of Los Angeles

Located on the West Coast in California, the Port of Los Angeles is one of the USA’s largest.

It is constructed in the San Pedro Bay and handles most of the cargo off the American Pacific.

The Port of Los Angeles occupies a vast landmass exceeding 7000 acres with a waterfront over forty miles long.

Cargo handled in the Port of Los Angeles exceeds four million total equivalent units (TEUs) annually.

ii. Port of Long Beach

The Port of Long Beach is also in California, Western USA, and is one of the busiest in the Northern hemisphere.

The Port of Long Beach handles container cargo over four million TEUs every year.

iii. Port of New York and New Jersey

The Port of New York and New Jersey is the busiest on the Eastern seaboard of the USA.

It comes third nationally handling diverse cargo, including bulk and break-bulk.

The Port of New York and New Jersey serves one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world.

Over four and a half million TEUs are handled at this port annually.

iv. Port of Savannah

You find this port in Georgia along the Atlantic with a large count of import distribution points.

The Port of Savannah is also the largest facility with a single terminal for handling containers.

v. Port of Seattle-Tacoma

The Port of Seattle-Tacoma was born out of the Port of Seattle and the Port of Tacoma.

These ports are located in Washington State and handle cargo of over two million TEUs every year.

vi. Port of Virginia

The Port of Virginia is strategically located on the Eastern Coast with a short lead time before entering the open sea.

It is among the busiest with good access to railway infrastructure, allowing for cargo transfer via train.

vii. Port of Houston

The Port of Houston borders the Gulf coast and is located in Texas, south of the USA.

The Port of Houston extends over twenty miles and handles the most foreign cargo in the USA.

The Port of Houston’s location close to the Gulf of Mexico makes it a popular port of call.

The Port of Houston is fitted with modern cranes and technological systems to aid in handling containers.

viii. Port of Charleston

You find five task-specific terminals on the Port of Charleston in South Carolina.

The port handles both containers and motor vehicle cargo with an annual volume of over one million TEUs.

ix. Port of Oakland

The Port of Oakland is widely used for handling containerized cargo amounting to over a million and a half TEUs.

The Port of Oakland has three terminals dedicated to containers with easy access to railway infrastructure.

x. Port of Miami

The Port of Miami is located in Florida, Southern USA, to handle almost a million TEUs annually.

You find this port has a deep channel that can accommodate the largest marine vessels and equipment.

Types of Containers to use when Shipping from Australia to the USA

Shipping containers are the standard unit on which sea freight is built on allowing for the efficient movement of cargo.

You can use different containers for your shipping needs depending on the nature of your transporting goods.

Some of the containers you use for sea freight include:

Dry Van/Standard Shipping Containers

The dry van containers are metal boxes fabricated from aluminum or steel you use for boxed or palletized dry goods.

Standard containers are widely used and possess a strong build allowing you to load up to an eight-count stack.

You find these containers with standard dimensions usually 2.40 m wide and a height of 7 feet and 10 inches.

You have two container length options, with one at twenty feet and the other at forty feet.

The dry van container is watertight with the top, bottom, and all but one side fixed, making their mobility flexible.

A door is furnished on this side, allowing you to load and unload cargo easily.

Flat Rack Container

The flat rack container is a standard container without the top and a side wall pairing.

The other side wall pairing is collapsible, allowing you a flat rack design to hold wider cargo.

You use the flat rack container to ferry goods such as motor vehicles, boats, and voluminous equipment.

Platform Container

A platform container is a special container that only consists of a raised platform without a roof and sides.

You use this kind of container to transport cargo with height and width dimensions unsuitable for a standard container.

Tank Container

You find this container type consists of a tank furnished within it for the transportation of non-toxic fluids.

You can use varying capacities of these containers ranging from ten thousand to over twenty thousand liters.

You observe the construction of this container to involve materials impervious to corrosion and durable steel.

With these features, the tank offers an extended service life while ensuring the fluid cargo is safely handled.

Open Top Container

An open container has fixed sides except for the top part that is left open.

You instead use a cover made from canvas material, for instance, to shroud the cargo.

An open-top container makes the loading and unloading process of voluminous and irregularly shaped cargo easy.

You can easily employ a crane or crab on an open-top container by removing the cover.

Ventilated Container

A ventilated container is furnished with ventilation systems built in the container walls to regulate the internal container atmosphere.

You use these containers to avert moisture accumulation when transporting cargo susceptible to condensation levels without affecting space concerns.

Tunnel Container

With the tunnel container, you have the walls along the width removed to present a tunnel-like structure.

You find this design useful when you need quicker cargo loading and unloading.

Open Side Container

The open side containers have doors that allow you to get the sides wide open.

You find these containers useful in holding cargo in a wide configuration.

Double Doors Container

These container units are similar to standard containers but with two doors rather than one.

Having a double door design simplifies the loading and unloading process.

Refrigerated/ Reefer Containers

The refrigerated container has a cooling system that keeps the temperature within the container at low levels.

You use these containers to ferry cargo consisting of perishable items such as vegetables to preserve their freshness.

Insulated Containers

The insulated container is useful when you need to keep the loaded cargo at the desired temperature.

You can use bubble wrap for your cargo or dry ice to provide an insulating cover.

You typically employ this container type when transporting packaged foods or biochemical and pharmaceutical products sensitive to temperature changes.

Half-height Containers

Half-height containers are furnished similarly to the standard containers but half the height.

These containers are steel-based, allowing you to transport materials requiring an easy load and unload process such as coal.

Car Carriers

Car carriers are containers specifically designed for the transport of motor vehicles.

You can collapse the container walls to provide a suitable fit for the car without damaging them.

Intermediate Bulk Shift Containers

You use these containers for intermediate shipping, which involves delivery to a secondary destination for additional packing before eventual delivery.

You can transact in large material quantities with intermediate bulk shift containers.

Prohibited Goods when Shipping from Australia to USA

The Customs and Border Protection (CBP) enforces other agencies’ laws for good entering the US.

Some of these agencies include the Food and Drug Agency, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Environmental Protection Agency.

You note these agencies dictate what is to be allowed into the United States from Australia, for instance.

The CBP ensures goods that can negatively affect Americans’ health and well-being are not allowed.

Furthermore, substances that can interfere with the country’s flora and fauna are detained at the entry points.

Prohibited goods are those rendered illegal by the law of the land, and possessing amounts to a criminal offense.

Some of the items prohibited from shipping from Australia to the USA are:

• Drug paraphernalia that has not been prescribed.
• Endangered animal species and their derivative products such as tusks from the African elephant and white rhino.
• Vehicles with no safety features.
• Products containing fur from dogs or cats.

Restricted Imports to the USA from Australia

You sometimes have goods or products that seem safe for use but with the potential to cause harm.

These products are restricted by the Customs and Border Protection Agencies of Australia and the USA to regulate their entry/exit.

A restricted good isn’t necessarily harmful but requires you to have a unique permit from a relevant authority to ship it.

You can ship a restricted good from Australia to the USA if given the appropriate authority’s the green light.

Some of the items restricted when shipping from Australia to the USA are:

Select Motor Vehicles

Motor vehicles that do not meet the emission standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency.

You will need an exemption certificate from EPA to allow your vehicle entry into the USA from Australia.

Biological Substances

Biological substances such as culture and specimen intended for use in research or medicinal purpose are restricted.

However, a permit from the agricultural department or center for Disease Control and Prevention allows you to ship your item.

Firearms and Ammunitions

The ATF restricts shipping firearms from Australia to the USA, a bureau overseeing Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. You can, however, ship a firearm through a licensed dealer.

Fish and Wildlife

Some fish and animals, including their products and by-products, are subjected to restrictions preventing their import from Australia to the USA.

You need permits from responsible departments such as the Fish and Wildlife Service to exempt you from the restrictions.

Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are restricted to prevent an outbreak of pests and diseases, resulting in colossal losses.

The Department of Agriculture places restrictions on these depending on the place of origin, which determines its makeup.

Trademarked and Copyrighted Items

Restrictions are put in place for articles that impinge on copyrights and registered trademarks.

Such items can bear cunning similarity to genuine items or even employ gray market trademark use.

However, an exemption is set for such items when kept for personal use and not intended for commercial purposes.

You can, however, ship genuine items with registered trademarks and copyrights.

​​​​​​​Dangerous Goods Shipping from Australia to USA

Dangerous goods are articles that can prove harmful, requiring you to package them before shipping from Australia to the USA especially.

By specially packaging these items, you present them in a safer state for shipping purposes.

There are many dangerous goods such as lithium batteries, which you find in many modern electronic devices.

Lithium batteries are used in mobile phones, laptops, calculators, cameras, and remotely controlled vehicles.

Other dangerous goods include.

• Explosive articles such as fireworks.
• Flammable and inflammable compounds such as aerosols, compressed oxygen, paints, and matches.
• Corrosive substances and elements can combust spontaneously, such as phosphorus.
• Toxic compounds and those that oxidize easily like pesticides and fertilizer.
• Radioactive material such as smoke detectors.

When shipping dangerous goods from Australia to the USA, you need to ensure the following:

• You have to declare you have dangerous goods indicating what it is.
• You need to package the dangerous goods in compliance with IATA’s Dangerous Goods Regulations.
• Correctly and clearly label the dangerous goods.
• Provide the required documentation indication the state of origin, in this case, Australia, to the destination, USA.

Courier Services to use when Shipping from Australia to USA

Courier services are entities that ensure your item is safely shipped from the point of purchase to your location.

When shipping from Australia to the USA, there are many courier services you can consider.

Australia Post

The Australia Post is a government-owned entity that offers postal services within and outside Australia.

You can use Australia Post to send your shipment to the USA, where it will transfer to a domestic partner.

Sendle

Sendle is an Australian B registered corporation that prides itself as a total carbon neutral delivery service.

When you ship a package t

In this guide, you will find all the useful information about shipping from Brazil to USA.

Whether you want to estimate cost, learn about customs clearance, drop shipping service or ocean freight services – you will find all information right here.

Keep reading to learn more.

Ocean Freight from Brazil to USA

Benefits of Ocean Freight from Brazil to USA

Ocean Freight is a cheaper or economical mode of transporting shipment from Brazil to USA.

Most of Brazil’s economic hubs are located within the radius of the major ports.

Both USA and Brazil have efficiently functioning ports.

Most courier services provide Ocean Freight services for shipping from Brazil to USA.

Limitations of Ocean Freight from Brazil to USA

Shipping using Ocean Freight from Brazil to USA will take longer compared to using Air Freight.

For example, shipping from Rio de Janeiro to Houston using LCL Ocean Freight will take 50 days, while using Air Freight will only take 6 days.

For this reason, use of Ocean Freight from Brazil to USA is limited in cases of:

Urgency of delivery.

Transportation of perishable goods such as flowers.

Main Ports of Origin in Brazil

Below is a table summary of major ports in Brazil capable of container handling and are used for shipping to USA.

Other ports that you can also use for shipping to the USA include:

Port Itapoá – third-largest container handling port in Brazil. Located in Santa Carina

Port of Itajai – second-largest container movement port in Brazil. Also located in Santa Carina

Navegantes – a private port focusing on refrigerated container cargo.

Ports of Destination in USA

Below is a table showing major ports of destination in USA.

Other than the ports mentioned in the table, below is a list of other destination ports you can use when transporting goods from Brazil to the USA via ocean:

• Atlanta
• Baltimore
• Boston
• Charleston
• Houston
• Mobile
• New Orleans
• New York
• Norfolk
• Oakland
• Port Everglades
• San Francisco
• Tacoma

LCL Shipping from Brazil to USA

The Less-than-Container-Load (LCL) or groupage is a preferred mode of shipment when the consignment only takes part of the container.

Meaning, one consignment is shipped along with other consignments in the same container.

You can opt for LCL shipping from Brazil to the USA if:

• You do not have an alternative option of Air Freight.
• There is no urgent need of the goods in the USA
• Ocean Freight is your preferred mode of transport.
• You are ok with your goods being transported in a shared container.
• Your consignment’s total volume is 14 cubic meter or less.

However, do not use LCL when you are:

• Transporting a consignment of perishable or short-shell-life goods such as flowers.
• Transporting delicate goods. LCL shipping involves frequent movement of the shipments which may cause damage to your goods if they are delicate.

FCL Shipping from Brazil to USA

Full Container Load (FCL), as its name suggests, means that the shipment fully occupies an entire container. Contrary to LCL, there is no grouping of shipments.

As a supplier from Brazil to USA, you can choose to use FCL if:

• You prefer your container remains sealed up to USA.
• Your consignment’s volume is more than 14 cubic meters.
• You need your consignment to be shipped in a non-shared container due to fragility or for safety reasons.
• You have the facilities to do the loading and the sealing of the container by yourself.
• Your USA recipient has the capacity to unload the container.
• You are working with a tight delivery schedule

Air Freight from Brazil to USA

Benefits of Air Freight from Brazil to the USA

Air Freight from Brazil to the USA is a faster mode of transportation.

Preferred when transporting perishable goods or goods with a short shell life

Airfreight is a more secure mode of transportation and greatly ensures the safety of your valuables.

Also, Air Freight is useful when there is an urgent need of prompt transportation.

Lastly, Air Freight is useful in the case of an urgent need to transport your goods from Brazil to USA

Limitations of Air Freight from Brazil to USA

Air Freight is a costly mode of transportation from Brazil to USA. Its alternative, Ocean Freight, is usually considered as cheap.

Air freight cannot be used to transport bulky goods. Mostly, Air Freight is used to transport small consignments occupying around three to four pallets.

Main Airports in Brazil

The major airports in Brazil include:

Rio de Janeiro – Serving Atlanta, Miami, and Houston

Sau Paulo – Serving Miami, Atlanta, New York, Orlando, Chicago, Boston

Main Airports in USA

Here is a table summary for main airports in the USA:

The airline from Brazil to USA

The major cargo airline from Brazil to USA is the United Airlines Cargo

Transit Time from Brazil to USA

Transit time may vary depending on the transit company you are using.

An estimate of transit time via sea from Brazil to USA is shown in the table below:

Shipping via air from Brazil to the USA takes less time.

Examples of timeframes from Brazil to USA via air are shown in the table below:

Determining Cost of Shipping Cargo from Brazil to USA

The cost of shipping cargo from Brazil to USA varies depending on:

Shipping Company

Different shipping companies charge different fees for shipping.

However, the disparity in the fees is not so huge.

The fee charged is normally tied to the reputation of the shipping company, the urgency your cargo is treated with, and the reliability of the company.

Mode of Transportation Used

It will be more costly to ship cargo from Brazil to USA using air freight as compared to sea freight.

Generally, air transport is expensive and is mostly used in urgent situations.

Type of Good or Cargo

The type of cargo or good you are shipping also determines the cost of shipping.

For example, assuming you are shipping goods classified as dangerous goods is more expensive than shipping normal goods.

This is due to the fact that dangerous goods have to adhere to certain regulations and tests which are charged, adding to the shipping cost.

Also, perishable goods may be costly to ship since they are mostly transported using air freight.

Incoterms Used

Incoterms largely determine the cost of shipping.

An incoterm that requires the seller to cover the shipping cost will make shipping cheaper for the buyer and costly to the seller.

Customs Duty Charged

The customs duty charged will also directly determine the total cost of shipping.

However, for most countries including Brazil, the USA charges the lowest custom tariffs in the world.

Get a Quotation

Importantly, if you want to get quotations of how much it will cost you to you can visit the websites of various shipping companies.

Most of the freight companies have automated systems that will give you the exact quotation in real-time.

For example FedEx quotation of shipping a 45Kg package from Nova Nazaré, Brazil; to Independence, United States will cost you R$ 4,504.32.

How Customs Clearance Works when Shipping from Brazil to USA

Custom clearance is a critical process when shipping from Brazil to USA.

Customs Clearance Process in Brazil

Similar to other countries, there is a strict prohibition of the import and export of some goods.

Such commodities include wild animals, counterfeit or pirated goods, drugs, weapons, goods threatening public order, and firearms replicas.

Considering Brazil as an exporter in this case, you will need to pay export duty for nationalized goods or goods produced in Brazil.

To get an export clearance, it is mandatory that you:

• Register with the Secretariat for Foreign Trade (SECEX)
• Own a registration number from the national tax register (CGC) or the national register of persons (CPF)
• Have the primary document for export custom clearance, which is the export declaration
• Have all the necessary documentations including details of products exported, certificate of origin, invoices, licenses, and a proof of order of the export commodity
• Have a declaration for agricultural products, importantly GMOs

The key Quality Control Organizations in Brazil that will determine the quality of your export merchandise are:

• National Institute of Standardization
• Brazilian Association of technical standards
• National Council of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality (CONMETRO)

Customs Clearance in the USA

As an importer in the USA, you will need to comply with the guidelines issued by the U.S.

Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

Upon the arrival of a consignment in any USA port of entry; the consignee, purchaser, or owner; submits entry documents of the merchandise to the port director.

The goods have to be authorized by CBP and relevant duties paid for it to legally enter USA.

Some goods regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must be cleared by the FDA.

Some important documents you will have to file for your merchandise to enter USA include:

• Entry Manifest (CBP Form 7533)
• Evidence of Right to make an entry
• Commercial invoice
• Packing list if needed

As an exporter or a seller, you can observe the following if you want your merchandise to get faster clearance in the USA:

• Your customs invoice should include all the necessary information.
• Make your data clear and easy to understand.
• Mark and number each package for easy reference
• Comply with the provision of the special law by the USA.

For example, all food substances must comply with FDA standards.

• Adhere to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) packing standards.
• Ensure the security of your goods so as to eliminate any chance of smuggling within your goods.
• Observe all instructions including packaging, labeling, marking, invoicing etc.
• When using a broker, choose a firm that participates in the Automated Broker Interface (ABI)

When importing samples to USA, here are some options to note:

• Duty Free Consumption entries – for samples not valued over 1$ and small amount consumption samples including alcohol and tobacco.

This option exempts the samples from any duties. However, the stipulated entry requirements of consumption goods are still applicable.

• Temporary Importation under Bond (TIB) – samples enter USA under a bond, which is an agreement by the importer that the samples will be destroyed after a given time-period.

This options also allows duty-free entry of the samples into the

USA

• ATA (Temporary Admission) Carnet – It is mandatory to indicate that the good is a free sample and should not be commercialized.

Documents you need when Shipping from Brazil to USA

You will need the following documents when shipping from Brazil to USA:

Commercial Invoice

The invoice should comply with CBP regulations between Section 141.86 to 141.89 and signed by the shipper or seller.

Notably, importers and brokers participating in the Automated Broker Interface (ABI) may choose to transmit the invoice data through the Automated Invoice Interface or EDIFACT.

If they opt for this option, they may do away with the paper work.

A commercial invoice essentially contains the following information as per the Tariff Act:

• The destined port of entry of the merchandise
• For a merchandise a sold merchandise or a merchandise agreed to be sold – the place, time, name of the seller, and buyer’s name. If consigned – the time of shipping, origin of the shipment, and names of the receiver and shipper.
• Quantities of the products in both weight and measures.
• For sold or agreed to be sold items – the price of each product in the currency which it is to be or has been sold.
• All charges upon the commodity including insurance, freight, commission, cost of packing, containers, and coverings.
• All drawbacks, rebates, and bounties allowed during exportation
• The country of origin.
• All services or goods used in the production of the merchandise and have not been included in the invoice price.

Below are some key points you should note concerning commercial invoice:

• It should be written in English or be attached with a relevant English translation.
• If the commercial invoice fails to disclose the measure or weight of the merchandise, the importer will be liable to pay charges for the weighing and measurements.
• If the invoice is more than one page, you should promptly number the pages at the bottom face of each page.
• In the case of more than one invoice in the same entry and in multiple pages, the numbering should appear as: Inv.1, p.1; Inv. 2, P.2, etc.

Other custom clearance documents you will require are listed in the table below:

Other relevant documentation you will require for specific products are:

• Dangerous Goods Certificate
• Health Certificate
• Radiation Certificate
• Electronic Export Certificate
• Quarantine/ Phytosanitary Certificate
• Fumigation Certificate
• Product catalog or manual
• Product specification Certificate
• Inspection Certificate
• Dock and Warehouse receipt

Importantly, when importing FDA-regulated products into the USA, you must ensure that your merchandise strictly adheres to the FDA standards for a fast clearance.

Using Courier Services in Shipping from Brazil

A major positive of using courier services is that it eliminates the aspect of warehousing.

Courier companies ensure immediate delivery of the merchandise to the buyer or intended destination.

Also, most courier companies provide an online management system. This way, you will able to track your shipment and know its status.

When shipping from Brazil, there are a number of courier companies you can use.

Here is a list of some courier services you can use in no particular merit order:

• Dwarka Courier
• Eurosender
• Eeelway
• FedEx Brazil
• Shipa Freight
• DHL Brazil
• UPS
• Parcel Monkey
• TNT

All the above courier services provide a quotation of the total amount it will cost to ship your merchandise.

The couriers strictly adhere to international standards, making them a faster and more convenient way to get customs clearance.

Couriers are considered as hassle-free transportation means in the export and import world.

Restricted Item to Import from Brazil to U.S.A

There are a number of products that are restricted in the USA.

Absinthe

Bringing in Absinthe to the USA is restricted by:

• 21 C.F.R 172.510 regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
• 27 C.F.R Parts 13.51, 5.42(a), and 5.65 regulations of the Department of Treasury’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.

These regulations stipulate that:

• ‘Absinthe’ cannot be a brand name.
• The graphics/ artwork should not portray images of psychotropic, Mind-altering or hallucinogenic effects.
• Absinthe should have not more than 10 parts per million of ‘thujone’.

Alcoholic Beverages

These are restricted by the laws of the state of destination.

These laws will govern the number of alcoholic beverages you can import.

Automobiles

All automobiles being imported into the U.S. must meet the theft prevention, bumper, and safety standards as outlined by the U.S Department of Transportation.

Also, the automobiles must adhere to the fuel-emission requirement set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Meaning, all foreign vehicles inclusive of cars, vans, and sport utility vehicles; being imported must be customized as per the U.S standards.

Biological

When importing biological specimens such as arthropods, bacterial cultures, birds, culture medium, mollusks, livestock tissues, plants, and viruses for pharmaceutical or biological usage; you may need a permit from a Center of Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Cultural Property and Cultural Artefacts

When importing cultural artifacts/art/antiquities, also referred to as ethnological and archeological materials, you need to have an export permit from the country of origin.

In this case, the country of origin is Brazil.

An attempt to smuggle such properties or artefacts may invoke some U.S. laws such as U.S. National Stolen Property Act.

Military Classified and Unclassified Items

Items such as blueprints, software or technology, design plans, blueprints, and technical information; containing military information; require licensing before exportation to the U.S.

A breach of this requirement may lead to the seizure of the materials by the CBP.

Firearms

Importation of all weapons and ammunition to the U.S is regulated by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosive (ATF).

If you plan to import ammunition or weapons into the U.S. you need to do so using a licensed dealer, manufacturer or importer.

Fish and Wildlife

If you plan to import Fish or Wildlife from Brazil to the U.S, make prior consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS).

You will need a permit from FWS to import every ivory type, with an exception of warthog ivory.

Prohibited Good to Ship from Brazil to the USA

Some of the prohibited imports to the USA include:

Dog or Cat Fur

Importation, exportation, distribution, transportation, manufacturing, or selling products containing cat or dog far is illegal in the U.S. according to November 9, 2000, Dog and Cat Protection Act.

A violation of the provision will attract a fine of up to $10,000 for knowing and intentional violation; $5,000 for gross negligent violations; and $3,000 for negligent violation.

Drug Paraphernalia

It is legally prohibited to import, export, manufacture, sell or transport drug paraphernalia.

A violation of this may attract fines or imprisonment.

However, you are permitted to bring in drug paraphernalia if prescribed for genuine medica